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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper describes observed and expected mortality from cancers of the lung, larynx, nose, and kidney in a cohort of 54,509 nickel workers followed for 35 years. For analysis purposes the cohort was subdivided into men with and without service in one of the three high nickel dust areas of the operation: the Sinter Plants at Copper Cliff and Coniston, and the Leaching, Calcining and Sintering (LC&S) department at Port Colborne. At Copper Cliff Sinter Plant workers experienced three times the expected number of lung cancer deaths; the SMR rose steeply with increasing duration of service peaking at 943 with 10 to 15 years. A similar overall excess risk of lung cancer was seen in the smaller Coniston Sinter Plant again with an indication of an exposure risk gradient. Men in the LC&S department at Port Colborne also experienced a dose related excess risk of lung cancer death that rose to an SMR of 806 with 20 to 25 years of service. Nasal cancer deaths were increased at both the Copper Cliff Sinter Plant (6 deaths) and the LC&S department at Port Colborne (19 deaths), representing SMRs of 3,704 and 7,755, respectively, for this rare cancer. Laryngeal cancer and kidney cancer, both previously associated with nickel, were not in excess in these high risk groups. A further exploration of death from these causes in the lower exposure remainder of the cohort revealed an epidemiologically modest elevation in lung cancer death in miners (probably not nickel related) and parts of the Copper Refinery. No evidence of laryngeal cancer excess was found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A study of mortality in workers engaged in the mining, smelting, and refining of nickel. II: Mortality from cancer of the respiratory tract and kidney. 262 65

The purpose of this ongoing study is to determine whether thoracic radiotherapy for lung cancer produces an early increase in serum copper (Cu) concentration, an increase which might predict clinical outcome. Copper and iron concentrations were measured in serum obtained from nonsmall cell lung cancer patients at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after the start of radiotherapy. Control groups included patients irradiated for breast cancer (low dose of radiation to the lung), for endometrial, cervical or prostatic cancer (no dose to lung), and patients with congestive heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cutaneous burns with or without smoke inhalation (no irradiation). Serum Cu concentration increased at least 10 micrograms/dl from the pretreatment level in approximately 75% of the adenocarcinoma and squamous cell lung cancer patients, but in only 1 of 4 undifferentiated lung cancer cases. In virtually all of these responders, serum Cu increased to a maximum at 2 weeks after the start of therapy, then plateaued or decreased slightly despite continuing irradiation. Within the subset of squamous cell lung cancers, there was a direct correlation between the degree of histologic differentiation and both baseline serum Cu concentration and the probability of an early increase therein. In contrast, only 33% of breast cancer patients and 15% of endometrial, cervical and prostate cancer patients exhibited an increase in serum Cu concentration at 2 weeks after the start of radiotherapy. Serum Cu concentration was within normal limits in virtually all patients with congestive heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and COPD. Burn patients exhibited a significant reduction in serum Cu, although concomitant smoke inhalation increased serum Cu back to low-normal levels. Serum iron concentration did not change significantly in any category of patients. These data suggest that thoracic radiotherapy for well differentiated non-small cell lung cancer is accompanied by an early increase in serum Cu concentration. This increase is partly but not wholly related to lung dose in particular rather than tissue dose in general, and specifically reflects radiation-induced lung injury rather than pneumopathy in general. In lung cancer patients, the change in serum Cu concentration during the first 2 weeks of radiotherapy exhibits a sufficiently broad range (+60 to -13 micrograms/dl) to permit testing this parameter as a predictor of tumor response and pulmonary complications.
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PMID:Serum copper concentration as an index of clinical lung injury. 262 91

Pathological changes of lung cancer in miners of Yunnan Tin Mine were studied, and additionally, mineral dust in the miners' lung were also investigated by using scanning electronic microscope, energy disperse X-ray spectrometer and electronic probe. The results showed: 1. mineral dust caused active hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia, metaplasia and atypical metaplasia of the epithelial of alveoli and bronchi, which was able to induce cancer. 2. Pneumoconiosis-like changes in the miner's lung are correlated with the high incidence of lung cancer. 3. Correlated also with copper, lead, zinc and iron may be the high incidence of lung cancer. 4. Transition form from hyperplasia and atypical hyperplasia of alveolar epithelia to malignancy was observed. It suggests that lung squamous cell carcinoma probably originates from the alveolar epithelia of the lung.
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PMID:[Pathological survey of lung cancer induced by tin mine dust in Yunnan]. 263 64

Lung specimens from 39 nickel refinery workers autopsied during the period from 1978 to 1984 were analyzed for nickel. Fifteen of the workers were employed in the Roasting and Smelting Department, where exposure to nickel was predominantly in the form of nickel-copper oxides, Ni3S2 and metallic dust. The remaining 24 men worked in the Electrolysis Department. Exposure in this group was considered to be mostly to the water-soluble compounds, NiSO4 and NiCl2, but also to a lesser degree to water-insoluble nickel compounds such as nickel-copper oxides and sulphides. The arithmetic mean +/- SD for nickel concentration in lung tissues expressed in micrograms g-1 dry wt for the 39 workers was 150 +/- 280. In the workers employed in the Roasting and Smelting Department, the average nickel concentration was 330 +/- 380; for those who worked in the Electrolysis Department it was 34 +/- 48. Lung tissue from 16 autopsied persons not connected with the refinery had an average nickel concentration of 0.76 +/- 0.39. Statistical analysis based on log-normal distributions of the measured nickel concentrations allowed three major conclusions to be formulated: (1) nickel refinery workers exhibit elevated nickel levels in lung tissues at autopsy; (2) workers of the Electrolysis Department and the Roasting Smelting Department constitute distinct groups with respect to the accumulation of nickel in lung tissue; (3) workers who were diagnosed to have lung cancer had the same lung nickel concentrations at autopsy as those who died of other causes.
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PMID:Determination of nickel in lung specimens of thirty-nine autopsied nickel workers. 272 52

Copper, zinc, magnesium, calcium and iron were measured in serum and lung tissue - tumor mass and histologically nonneoplastic tissue - from lung cancer patients and compared with serum concentrations in healthy subjects and control lung tissue obtained from patients with nonmalignant lung disease. Lung cancer patients showed a significant increase in serum Cu and Cu/Zn ratio levels and decrease in serum Zn and Fe concentrations. These findings were correlated with TNM stage of the disease, but not with histologic type of tumor. Malignant lung tissue showed a higher level of Cu, Ca, Mg, and Cu/Zn ratio and lower Zn level than that found in control samples, as well as an increase in Cu, Mg and Cu/Zn ratio concentrations with regard to histologically nonneoplastic tissue samples from the same patient. Tissue concentration of trace metals was not significantly influenced either by histologic type of tumor or clinical TNM stage. Significant correlation coefficients between serum and tissue trace metal levels were not found.
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PMID:Serum and tissue trace metal levels in lung cancer. 274 65

Serum copper (SCu), zinc (SZn) and ceruloplasmin (SCP) concentrations were measured in 199 patients with lung cancer and 81 with nonmalignant lung disease. No significant differences were detected between these groups in the mean concentrations or in the SCu:SZn ratio, nor was any correlation found between the histological type or clinical extent of the tumor and the level of SCu, SZn or SCP. SCu and SCP increased significantly in accordance with the symptomatic stages of Feinstein, and in a parallel manner. These measures were also significantly higher in the patients who died within 4 months of diagnosis than in those who lived for 4 months or longer. SZn was similar throughout and was not predictive of the prognosis. It is concluded that SCu, SZn and SCP determinations are of no help in distinguishing malignant from nonmalignant lung disease and are only of limited importance for estimating the extent of the disease or the prognosis of a patient with lung cancer.
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PMID:Serum copper, zinc and ceruloplasmin concentrations in patients with lung cancer. 282 95

This study was done to investigate which histologic type of lung cancer is prevalent among male Japanese copper smelter workers. A panel of eight pathologists was asked to diagnose uniformly prepared materials for 19 occupational series, 87 nonoccupational bronchogenic carcinomas, and 14 benign lesions. The consensus diagnosis was used as reference. The reference diagnoses and the originals without materials employed for verification were designated as finals. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent cell type in the occupational group, which comprised 21 (75.0%) of 28 histologically proven cases. There were three (10.7%) small cell carcinomas, one (3.6%) large cell carcinoma, and three (10.7%) adenocarcinomas. The proportion of Kreyberg group I in the occupational cases was significantly larger than that of lung cancers in the population-based cancer registries in Japan. These findings are compatible with Kreyberg's hypothesis. Above all, squamous and small cell carcinomas were prominent and appeared to be environmentally related bronchogenic carcinomas.
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PMID:Histologic types of lung cancers among male Japanese copper smelter workers. 284 68

Serum zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and the Cu/Zn ratio were evaluated in 84 patients with pulmonary lesions before surgery and in 100 healthy normal controls. There were 20 patients with benign and 64 with malignant lung tumors. Only the mean (+/- SD) Cu/Zn ratio was significantly higher in malignant tumors (2.24 +/- 0.78) than in benign tissue (1.63 +/- 0.33) (P less than 0.001). In the normal group, the Cu/Zn ratio was significantly lower (1.43 +/- 0.29). Patients with advanced disease (Stage III) had higher Cu/Zn ratio than patients in Stages I and II (2.65 +/- 0.86 versus 1.9 +/- 0.27) (P less than 0.001). At a cutoff value of 1.72, Cu/Zn ratio had a sensitivity of 89%, specificity of 84%, positive predictive value of 78%, and negative predictive value of 92% between controls and lung cancer patients. Between lung cancer patients and patients with benign pulmonary lesions the aforementioned values were 89%, 70%, 90%, and 70% respectively. A correlation between increasing Cu/Zn ratio and tumor extension and postoperative survival was observed. These findings suggest that Cu/Zn ratio may be used as a diagnostic test in lung cancer patients.
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PMID:Use of the copper/zinc ratio in the diagnosis of lung cancer. 291 79

Epidemiological studies designed to detect lung cancer risk and other health effects in communities surrounding arsenic-producing copper smelters were reviewed. The studies were about evenly divided in finding deleterious and 'beneficial' effects of arsenic. All of the studies had insufficient statistical power to detect the small increases in risk that may occur. Even the most powerful studies were not designed to detect relative risks less than about 1.2 and the majority of the studies had little power to detect risks under 2.0. Confidence intervals for the relative risks from these studies were not very useful in putting an upper bound on adverse effects of arsenic. Sources of bias and other difficulties with community health studies are also discussed. We argue that these studies may be a good and economical first investigation but, due to a lack of power, null findings do not rule out the possibility of excess risks that may be significant from a public health viewpoint.
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PMID:Evaluation and synthesis of health effects studies of communities surrounding arsenic producing industries. 304 51

Using a case-control study comprising about 600 men with lung cancer in northern Sweden the potential risk of different occupations and groups of occupations was studied. Longitudinal data concerning occupation, employment, and smoking habits were obtained by questionnaires. Some occupational groups (underground miners, copper smelter workers, electricians, and plumbers) exposed to previously known lung carcinogenic agents such as radon daughters, arsenic, and asbestos, had considerably increased odds ratios, which persisted after adjustment for smoking. A slightly raised odds ratio was observed in a group of blue collar workers potentially exposed to lung carcinogenic agents; this rise in the group as a whole mainly disappeared after adjustment for smoking. Farmers and foresters had strikingly low odds ratios, which could only partly be explained by their more moderate smoking habits. The population aetiological fraction attributable to occupation was estimated as 9%.
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PMID:Occupation and male lung cancer: a case-control study in northern Sweden. 362 Mar 67


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