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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In our institute, heavy ion medical accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) completed to be constructed October, 1994. Next year, we started to treat head & neck cancer firstly as a pilot study using carbon beam. Following the observation on the expected reaction of skin and mucosa membrane, we opened the protocol for lung cancer entitled "A phase I/II and II clinical trials of heavy iron particle radiotherapy for non-small cell carcinoma of the lung". Since then, Cabon beam possessing the well-balanced dual actions on cancer: efficient dose-localization and high RBE was given to 25 inoperable patients with stage 1 and 3 patients with stage IIIA as preoperative radiotherapy. The dose was raising from 59.4GyE, 64.5GyE and 72GyE by 10%. Tumor control of the patients who elapsed more than 6 months was evaluated in two of 4 patients (50%) given 59.4GyE, one of 4 (75%) given 64.5GyE and all of 17 (100%) given 72GyE. It appeared to be dose dependent. On the other hand, two of 28 patients (7%) showed acute radiation pneumonia treated with steroid hormone. However, the late effect of the lung was weaken with slight radiographic changes and with no manifestations. Now that heavy ion particle radiotherapy for lung cancer was revealed to be safe, we intend to attain the tumor control compatible with that of surgery.
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PMID:[Heavy ion radiotherapy for lung cancer]. 904 20

A nested case-control study of lung cancer was conducted among workers at an iron foundry and two engine manufacturing plants whose lung cancer mortality rates were slightly higher than expected. The study included 231 lung cancer cases and 408 controls for whom complete work histories were obtained. There was no association between usual plant of employment and lung cancer mortality. The odds ratio for persons employed for 20 or more years in the foundry compared with persons employed in the engine plants was 0.90 (95% confidence interval: 0.55, 1.5). Long-term employment as an engine plant worker was associated with odds ratios slightly, but not statistically significantly, below unity. In the foundry, only usual employment in the material handling departmental group and any employment in the quality control departmental group were statistically significantly directly related to lung cancer risk. However, the number of subjects so employed was small and there was no dose-response relation between length of employment in these departmental groups and lung cancer risk. Cases were less frequently employed than were controls in engine plant machining and assembly jobs and departments. It is concluded that employment in this facility was either unrelated, or only weakly related, to lung cancer risk.
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PMID:A case-control study of lung cancer at a foundry and two engine plants. 909 55

Mucin production, when heavily sialylated, can promote cancer cell invasion and metastasis, and modulate the immune recognition system of the host. To explore the prognostic implication of sialomucin expression in lung cancer, we studied 116 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tumor specimens were stained immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against mucin glycoprotein (17Q2, HMFG2, SM3), and histochemically with periodic acid-Schiff/alcian blue to differentiate neutral mucin from acid mucin, and with high-iron diamine/alcian blue to differentiate sialomucin from sulfomucin. The expression status of two established molecular prognostic factors, the p53 and erbB-2 oncoproteins, were evaluated immunohistochemically. The staining was performed on two separately archived, paraffin-embedded tumor blocks for each patient, with normal lung as a control. Correlations were subsequently made among stains and various clinicopathologic factors. All analyses were blinded, and included Kaplan-Meier survival estimates with Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Associations were established among adenocarcinoma histotype and erbB-2 overexpression, sialomucin expression, and 17Q2 and HMFG2 immunohistochemical positivity (p < 0.05). Sialomucin expression was closely linked to erbB-2 overexpression (p = 0.01). Significant univariate predictors (p < 0.05) of recurrence and cancer death were surgical stage, p53 expression, erbB-2 overexpression, and sialomucin expression. These four factors remained as independent predictors of early recurrence (p < 0.05) after multivariate analysis. For cancer death prediction, p53 and sialomucin expression had a marginal effect. We concluded that sialomucin expression is also a poor indicator of prognosis, which is associated with erbB-2 oncoprotein overexpression, early postoperative recurrence, and cancer death in NSCLC.
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PMID:Sialomucin expression is associated with erbB-2 oncoprotein overexpression, early recurrence, and cancer death in non-small-cell lung cancer. 910 88

Epidemiological studies of workers exposed to fumes in the iron and steel foundry industry have consistently demonstrated an increased relative risk of lung cancer of approximately 1.4. Foundry fume is a complex mixture of gases and fine particles generated during the casting process when molten metal is poured into sand moulds bound together with organic binders. The chemical composition of fume varies according to foundry process and, specifically, binder composition. Previous in vitro studies have demonstrated that some fumes have mutagenic activity and that this varies with fume type. The current study has examined the potential carcinogenicity of three fumes in a 2-yr in vivo rodent bioassay using an intrabronchial pellet implantation technique. The toxicity and genotoxicity of the fumes were tested concurrently in a number of in vitro assays including those identifying mutagenicity, unscheduled DNA synthesis, free radical DNA damage and micronucleus induction. The rodent bioassay failed to demonstrate a carcinogenic response, although an increase in preneoplastic lesions was seen in all fume-treated groups relative to controls. When tested in vitro, the fumes were positive in many assays and activity correlated with the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content of the fumes. The employment of a combination of in vitro assays for different genotoxic endpoints, such as those presented in the current study, provides information useful for the overall assessment of carcinogenicity of complex mixtures such as foundry fume.
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PMID:Potential carcinogenicity of foundry fumes: a comparative in vivo-in vitro study. 911 22

Iron oxides are present in many occupational atmospheres mainly in iron ore mines and in steel industry. Among these workers, epidemiological studies indicated an excess of lung cancer deaths. In mines, it was difficult to involve iron oxides exposure because there are other possible causes as radon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) present in diesel exhausts, silicosis or siderosis. The contradictory results of these studies are due to the differences of exposure levels or to the presence or not of these cofactors or of a sufficient prevention. But generally the results agree with an interaction of iron oxide dusts and smoking habits. It is unclear if this interaction supports an additive or multiplicative risk of lung cancer. Experimental studies with Fe2O3 showed that these particles are able to induce lung cancers only in the presence of PAH when administered to animals. In vitro studies permitted to observe an interaction in the metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) leading to a higher level of precursors of the ultimate carcinogen. As this metabolism of BaP is known to be enhanced during lipoperoxidation, it is possible to involve this mechanism with Fe2O3. After phagocytosis and dissolution with production of ferric ions, Fe2O3 can enhance the production of reactive oxygen species responsible of damaging both lipidic constituents and DNA. Fe3O4 and mainly FeO may be more toxic, introducing directly ferrous ions in the cells after dissolution, but the cancerogenicity of the these compounds is unknown, making necessary to develop research.
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PMID:Interactive effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and iron oxides particles. Epidemiological and fundamental aspects. 916 58

To analyze the correlation between asbestos lung burden and lung cancer, lungs of 211 female cases with and without lung cancer were examined. Phase-contrast microscopic (PCM) counting of ferruginous (FBs) and uncoated fibers (UFs), which had length longer than 5 microns and aspect ratios greater than 3:1, revealed a significantly higher level of FBs plus UFs in urban lung cancer cases than urban non-lung cancer cases (1380.5 vs. 550.3; p < 0.001). No difference was noted between rural lung cancer and non-lung cancer cases. Analytical electron microscopic studies identified various kinds of mineral fibers with an aspect ratio greater than 3:1 in the lung tissue including chrysotile, actinolite/tremolite, amosite/crocidolite, fibrous talc, mica, silica, iron, wollastonite, chlorite, kaoline, and others. The most frequently detected fibers were thin, short chrysotile fibers, most of which could not be found by PCM, followed by relatively thick, long actinolite/tremolite fibers, fibrous talc, and in a smaller number, amosite/crocidolite of intermediate length and width. Amosite/crocidolite and fibrous talc counts in urban lung cancer cases were greater than those of urban non-lung cancer cases, rural lung cancer, and rural non-lung cancer cases; these findings were consistent with PCM analysis. Therefore, it is suggested that fibers detected in PCM observation may be mainly amosite/crocidolite with some parts fibrous talc and that fibrous talc in urban environments may be another candidate for carcinogenic or cocarcinogenic factors of female lung cancer.
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PMID:Talc and amosite/crocidolite preferentially deposited in the lungs of nonoccupational female lung cancer cases in urban areas of Japan. 922 35

In a Swedish cohort of workers (n = 6,454) from seven aluminum foundries and three secondary aluminum (scrap) smelters there was no overall excess risk of cancer among male or female workers less than 85 years of age (males: 325 observed cases, standardized incidence ratio (SIR) 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91-1.13; females: 22 cases, SIR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.60-1.44). In male workers, however, significantly elevated risk estimates were observed for cancer of the lung (51 cases; SIR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.11-1.96), anorectal cancer (33 cases; SIR 2.13, 95% CI = 1.47-2.99), and sinonasal cancer (4 cases; SIR = 4.70, 95% CI = 1.28-12.01). There was no increase of urinary bladder or liver cancer. Lung cancer risks were highest in workers with a short duration of employment (< 5 years) suggesting determinants of risk related to socioeconomic factors rather than the occupational environment under study, but there were also indications of a lung cancer hazard from sand casting of aluminum for 10 years or more (SIR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.01-3.87). The increase in anorectal cancer could not be etiologically related to occupational determinants of risk. Sand casting of aluminum aside, the cancer risk in secondary aluminum smelting seems to be lower than in primary aluminum smelting and in iron and steel founding, respectively.
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PMID:Cancer morbidity in workers at aluminum foundries and secondary aluminum smelters. 932 70

Cytochemical examination of alveolar macrophages (AM) obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in healthy volunteers (11 non-smokers and 11 smokers) and in 9 patients with squamous lung carcinoma (all of them smokers or ex-smokers) in order to analyze its peculiarities related to the smoking habit and to lung malignancy. Assessment of non-specific esterases: alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and butyrate esterase (BUT), chloroacetate esterase (CHL), acid phosphatase (AcP), intracellular glycogen (PAS reaction), lipids (Sudan black B reaction-SBB) and iron (Perl's reaction) was performed by a semiquantitative cytochemical method (1). A significant correlation was obtained between BUT and stage of squamous lung carcinoma (varying between I and IV) (r = 0.52, p < 0.05). There was a correlation between BUT and Perl's in healthy controls (r = 0.76, p < 0.05). The same type of correlation was observed in control smokers (r = 0.64, p < 0.05), in addition to a correlation between CHL and AcP (r = 0.69, p < 0.05). There was no significant BUT/Perl's correlation in patients with squamous cell lung carcinoma (r = 0.23, p > 0.05), but significant AcP/CHL correlation as was observed in control smokers (r = 0.73, p < 0.05), and a "new" type of correlation was shown to exist between ANAE and SBB (r = 0.77, p < 0.05). In spite of the unresolved nature of lung cancer, correlation analysis of cytochemical parameters in AM might have an important part in the analysis of their relative contribution to the development of smoking-related disorders and lung malignancies.
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PMID:Correlation analysis of alveolar macrophage cytochemical parameters in smoking and pulmonary oncology. 934 37

Treatment for the paraneoplastic syndrome associated with lung cancer was reviewed. The principle of the treatment of paraneoplastic syndrome is to control cancer as an underlying disease. Therefore, the standard therapy for Cushing's syndrome associated with lung cancer is surgical treatment if the tumor is operable. There is no standard therapy for Cushing's syndrome associated with advanced small-cell lung cancer. Metyrapone is used in combination with systemic chemotherapy. The effects of ketoconazole and octreotide are under investigation. To control hyponatremia due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, fluid restriction is standard. When hyponatremia cannot be controlled with fluid restriction, demeclocycline can be used. For life-threatening hyponatremia, hypertonic saline with intravenous furosemide is administered under careful monitoring. Followed by hydration with saline, pamidronate is effective for the control of symptomatic hypercalcemia. Combined use of calcitonin facilitates rapid normalization of serum calcium for critically ill cases. Heparin is used for patients with recurrent episodes of thrombosis resulting from chronic disseminated intravascular coagulation, although the efficacy is controversial. Thrombocytes and coagulation factors are combined with heparin for patients with uncontrollable bleeding, although the efficacy is not established.
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PMID:[Paraneoplastic syndrome]. 936 21

A 60-year-old man, employed as a welder for 25 years, was admitted with an abnormal shadow on chest X-ray. An ill-defined and solitary mass shadow 3 cm in diameter was subsequently detected in the left upper lung field. The mass shadow exhibited high attenuation on chest CT scan. Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) revealed an organized lesion possessing a large quantity of iron. Although pneumoconiosis was suspected, the possibility of lung cancer could not be dismissed. Pneumoconiosis (welder's lung) was diagnosed after thoracotomy and examination of the resected mass. Pneumoconiosis (welder's lung) rarely presents as a solitary mass lesion.
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PMID:[A case of pneumoconiosis (welder's lung) suspected to be lung cancer]. 946 27


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