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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case-control study of lung cancer in males was performed in two municipalities in northern Sweden with large iron ore mines. Previous studies had revealed an increased lung cancer risk for underground workers in these mines, with all probability related to radon daughter exposure. Data concerning underground mining and smoking were obtained from questionnaires. All analyses suggested an interaction of a multiplicative type between underground mining and smoking in the causation of lung cancer in this population. The calculated population etiologic fraction was about 45% for underground mining and about 80% for smoking.
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PMID:Underground mining, smoking, and lung cancer: a case-control study in the iron ore municipalities in northern Sweden. 385 94

Due to the continuing controversy over the effects on humans of low-level ionizing radiation, overall mortality and cancer incidence among miners from a magnetite mine was investigated. The study comprises 332 underground miners. The average concentration of Rn progeny is presently 0.10-0.15 working levels (WL). Included in the study were those employed for more than 36 months in the period 1940-1960, who were still alive in 1953. The follow-up period covers 1953-1980. Mortality was equal to estimated values based on age-specific national figures. The observed/expected ratio for lung cancer incidence was 1.1. Comparison was also made to 190 miners from a mine with negligible radiation (less than 0.02 WL). The same mortality was observed, but this mine showed a ratio for lung cancer incidence of 2.2. The study population is too small to repudiate the hypothesis of increased health risk after exposure to low levels of alpha radiation.
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PMID:Mortality and cancer incidence in a small cohort of miners exposed to low levels of alpha radiation. 394 12

In a retrospective cohort mortality study of 10,403 Minnesota iron-ore (hematite) miners no excesses of lung cancer mortality were found among either underground (Standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 100) or above ground (SMR = 88) miners. Yugoslav-born miners incurred a two-fold significant excess mortality for lung cancer that did not appear to be associated with their mining exposures. Significant excesses in mortality due to stomach cancer were found for both underground (SMR = 167) and aboveground (SMR = 181) miners as compared with U.S. white males. However, except among Finnish-born miners, these excesses disappeared when comparisons were made with the appropriate county rate. The apparent absence of significant radon exposure, a strict smoking prohibition underground, an aggressive silicosis control program, and the absence of underground diesel fuel use may explain why these underground miners did not appear to incur the lung cancer risk reported in other studies.
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PMID:A retrospective cohort mortality study of iron ore (hematite) miners in Minnesota. 403 88

Serum ferritin has been suggested as a tumor marker in the diagnosis of certain malignancies and for following the activity or dissemination of the malignant process. Since neoplastic tissues generally contain more acidic isoferritins than their normal tissue counterparts, it has also been suggested that the specific assay of such isoferritins in serum may be of particular value in the diagnosis of malignancy. In this work, we have evaluated ferritin concentration in the serum of normal subjects and patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, breast cancer and lung cancer by simultaneously using three different immunoassays: an immunoradiometric assay based on polyclonal antibodies against human liver (basic, L-subunit rich) ferritin, a radioimmunoassay based on polyclonad antibodies against HeLa cell (acidic, H-subunit rich) ferritin, and an immunoradiometric assay based on the monoclonal antibody 2A4 raised against human heart (acidic, H-subunit rich) ferritin. Most of the patients studied had increased values for liver-type ferritin in the absence of increased iron stores. Binding of serum ferritin to concanavalin A did not prove to be useful in distinguishing a tumor-specific basic isoferritin. The HeLa ferritin assay was found to be less specific than the heart ferritin assay in the detection of acidic isoferritins, and did not provide any advantage over the liver assay in detecting the increased levels of serum ferritin associated with malignant disease. Heart-type ferritin was found in one-fifth of normal sera and 64% of sera from patients with malignancy. Values were very low compared with those for basic ferritin, ranging from less than 0.1 to 17% of total serum ferritin (geometric mean value 1.3%) in patients with malignancy. These findings indicate that at present there is little application for serum ferritin immunoassays based on antibodies to HeLa cell or heart ferritin in the diagnosis or monitoring of malignant disease. This seems to be due to the presence in human serum of biding factors which are responsible for the rapid clearance of acidic isoferritins from the circulation. The serum concentration of basic ferritin, however, can be useful in the diagnosis and management of some malignancies, and it is possible that studies on cell isoferritins can be important in biologic monitoring of neoplastic disorders. It should also be noted that the increased levels of serum ferritin found in patients with malignancy can exert adverse effects on the host immune response and perhaps an inhibitory effect on hematopoiesis.
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PMID:Immunological reactivity of serum ferritin in patients with malignancy. 408 87

Several studies have shown that miners, in both uranium and nonuranium mines, have an increased lung cancer mortality, probably caused by exposure to radon and its daughters. The excess mortality has been observed primarily among smoking miners but some recent studies have also indicated a considerably increased risk among nonsmoking miners. This study, among a group of iron ore miners, was undertaken to further elucidate the somewhat unclear and presumably complex relationship of mining, smoking, and lung cancer. The results show a 16-fold increase in lung cancer mortality among miners versus nonminers. Even nonsmoking miners seem to be at a rather high risk of developing lung cancer, but there was a tendency for the most heavy smoking miners to die earlier and to have a slightly shorter induction-latency period for development of lung cancer than was found among the nonsmoking miners.
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PMID:Lung cancer and smoking in a group of iron ore miners. 629 84

Silica is not generally considered to be a carcinogen, however, occupations characterized by high exposure to crystalline silica have excessive rates of lung cancer mortality. Respiratory cancer excesses have been reported from North America and from Europe for the following dusty trades in which exposure to silica is a common factor: iron and steel foundry workers, steel casting workers, sand blasters, metal molders, non-uranium miners, and ceramic workers. These findings have been reinforced by two reports from the Swedish Pneumoconiosis Register and the Ontario Ministry of Labor indicating that silicotics have statistically significant risks of lung cancer mortality. Animal studies suggest that silica can be an initiating carcinogen or can act as a cocarcinogen or promoter when combined with benzo(a)pyrene. We propose three candidate hypotheses and two pathways for silicocarcinogenesis.
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PMID:Does occupational exposure to silica cause lung cancer? 630 Dec 70

Some metals are essential oligo-elements for man. However, if the body load of these same metal derivatives becomes excessive they may be responsible for deleterious effects, particularly cytotoxic ones. Metals are divided into four categories: potent carcinogens; presumptive carcinogens with a documented cocarcinogenic effect; ascertained cocarcinogens; metals with no demonstrated carcinogenic or cocarcinogenic effect. The most common tumors induced by metals are those of the lung. Arsenic induces cancer of the lung and skin, beryllium may induce lung cancer, the effects of cobalt are dubious, cadmium can induce cancer of the lung and, above all, prostate, the role of iron is uncertain, hexavalent chrome may induce cancer of the lung and nasal fossae, nickel is responsible for cancer of lung and nasal fossae. Our understanding of metal carcinogenesis is clearly insufficient and more experimental research and epidemiologic studies addressing this subject are needed.
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PMID:[Carcinogenic effect of metals]. 631 79

In a retrospective study, we investigated lung-cancer mortality from 1951 to 1976 in 1415 Swedish iron miners exposed to short-lived radioactive daughters of radon gas at concentrations leading to annual doses close to the currently accepted occupational limit. Fifty deaths from lung cancer were observed, as compared with 12.8 expected; expected rates were determined by a smoking-specific analysis based on data from a random sample of the Swedish male population. Among nonsmokers 18 deaths were observed, as compared with 1.8 expected; among current smokers and recent exsmokers 32 deaths were observed and 11.0 were expected. The effects of smoking and exposure to alpha radiation from radon daughters were nearly additive. Comparison of lung-cancer risk coefficients from this study and from other cohort studies of underground miners showed good agreement. Exposure to radon daughters is a major medical problem is underground metal mining, but our results also indicate that exposure to radon daughters at home accounts for an appreciable number of cases of lung cancer in the general population.
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PMID:Lung cancer in Swedish iron miners exposed to low doses of radon daughters. 632 13

A previous study showed a three-fold increase in the risk of dying from lung cancer among underground workers in the iron ore mine in Lapland. The present report describes a follow-up covering the period 1971-1980. On the basis of data obtained in both studies an attempt is made to examine the time trend and to estimate the lifetime risk of developing lung cancer from alpha radiation from the decay of radon and its daughter products. The risk of dying from lung cancer among underground workers was seven times the corresponding risk among all other men in the community. The calculated risks for the populations working underground in 1951-1970 and 1971-1980 (ages 30-74 years) were 9.2 and 13.1 cases per 10(6) person-years and working level month respectively. The corresponding calculated risk for ages 50-64 years for 1971-1980, was 22 cases. Based on the accumulated mortality from lung cancer among mine workers exposed to radon underground in 1921-1940, the expected excess number of lung cancers in the population exposed underground in 1951-1980 is 59. So far only a total of seven cases have been observed.
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PMID:Lung cancer among underground workers in the iron ore mine of Kiruna based on thirty years of observation. 649 40

A study has been performed using 5300 iron miners from Lorraine (France) with ages ranging from 35 to 55 years, who were working, and had a normal chest radiography. 1173 workers were chosen randomly and given the following examinations: questionnaire, clinical examination and function tests (VC, FEV1, residual volume (RV), acetylcholine test, carbon monoxide steady-state test). This group of 1173 was followed for 5 years. 40 died and the exact causes of death were known. 13 had lung cancer, which is more than three times the number expected in the French male population of the same ages. All subjects who died from lung cancer were underground miners and, at the first examination, had a higher incidence of bronchitis and more functional defects than both the 27 who died from other causes and the underground miner group as a whole. The excess mortality due to lung cancer is discussed with regard to noxious agents that were measured (radioactivity, which was rather low, total and respirable dusts, Nox, CO) and with regard to both the work environment and duration of work.
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PMID:Incidence of lung cancer among iron miners. 662 87


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