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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six cases of primary lung cancer that closely mimic malignant pleural mesothelioma clinically and anatomically are compared with four proven cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Findings on roentgenograms of the chest, clinical history, and gross examination of the lung specimens are not helpful in distinguishing between these two neoplasms. Microscopic examination of the hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissues is often inconclusive. Tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, PAS with and without diastase treatment (DPAS), mucicarmine, alcian blue, toluidine blue, and colloidal iron with and without digestion by testicular hyaluronidase. Among these histochemical methods, DPAS was found to be particularly useful in distinguishing the primary lung cancers from the mesotheliomas. All primary lung cancers except one showed DPAS-positive material (mucin) in both the cytoplasm of the cancer cells and within the lumina of neoplastic glands. In contrast, none of the mesotheliomas showed the presence of DPAS-positive material. Histologically, all lung cancers were glandular. Five were classified as bronchiolar carcinoma, the remaining one as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. In two of the bronchiolar carcinomas, a small subpleural primary focus was demonstrated. This finding suggests a possible origin of these cancers as a small subpleural tumor that became widely disseminated via the subpleural lymphatics. This form of primary lung cancer possesses sufficient gross and microscopic characteristics that recognition should be given to it as a variant of primary lung cancer, with emphasis on differentiating it from pleural mesothelioma.
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PMID:Pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma of the lung. A variant of peripheral lung cancer. 17 52

The occupational group composed of the iron-miners working at the bottom of the mines in Lorraine makes up a high risk population for lung cancer (The carcinogenic index is 5 to 12 times as high as that of the population of non-miners). The authors report a new series of 270 cases in support of this assertion. The cancers have few particular characteristics. Their genesis appears to be related with the action of many co-factors: tobacco, various gases and noxious dust, iron particles. Our findings are similar to those of the Swedish, British and Russian authors. The occupation of iron-miner at the bottom of the mine appears then to favorize the manifestation of lung cancer. So it would be fair to consider this tumor an occupational disease, as with asbestosis.
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PMID:[Should the lung cancer of iron-miners in Lorraine be considered an occupational disease? (author's transl)]. 49 83

The present study was designed to test earlier findings of increased risk of lung cancer among iron foundry workers and to define the cause of the risk. The subjects were 3,425 workers with at least one year's employment in an iron foundry sometime between 1918 and December 31, 1972. The number (51) of cases of lung cancer which occurred prior to December 31, 1976 was statistically significantly higher than that expected, i.e., 35.3 based on proportional mortality. Molders and casters were determined to have the highest excess risk in a case-control study among the cohort. The worker groups with high exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) experienced a lung cancer risk higher than that of other groups, but the difference was not statistically significant.
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PMID:Lung cancer mortality among iron foundry workers. 51 20

Several studies have shown an increased lung cancer mortality among Swedish metal and iron ore miners, as probably caused by exposure to radon and its daughters. An earlier study of zinc-lead miners has been updated. The results show a 16-fold increase in lung cancer mortality. Surprisingly, nonsmokers were more apt to develop lung cancer than smokers, but the induction-latency time was about nine years shorter on the average for the smokers. An explanation for these findings might be that smoking increases the thickness of the mucus layer and therefore protects the bronchial epithelium from alpha radiation, but it also promotes the development of cancer once induced by the radiation.
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PMID:Mining, lung cancer and smoking. 64 66

Ferruginous (asbestos) bodies may be found in the lungs of almost everyone in the population, but little information is available as to whether such bodies are nucleated on asbestos or on some other fibrous dust. In this study morphologically "typical" ferruginous bodies were isolated from the lungs of 23 autopsy and surgical patients, none of whom had primary asbestos exposure. Eleven patients had carcinoma of the lung. To determine the nature of the core, 328 bodies were examined by electron diffraction. Of these, 264 (80%) showed the diffraction patterns of amphibole asbestos, whereas six showed the pattern of chrysotile asbestos. No amorphous cores or crystalline nonasbestos cores were identified. Fifty-eight (18%) bodies could not be diffracted because of the thickness of the iron-protein coat. No differences were seen between patients with and without lung cancer. We conclude that typical ferruginous bodies have asbestos cores, which are usually amphibole type. The findings suggest widespread exposure to asbestos dust; occupational histories appeared to indicate the source of exposure in some but not all patients.
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PMID:Analysis of the cores of ferruginous (asbestos) bodies from the general population. I. Patients with and without lung cancer. 89 70

The mortality of foundry workers was studied from a sample of all those men employed in 20 representative iron, steel, and nonferrous foundries for any period of time during 1950 through 1972. A statistical sample of 3,876 men from all those 15,401 workers with at least 3 months' exposure formed the cohort under study. The actual number of person-years of follow-up became 47,160. Total and cause-specific mortality was studied in the entire cohort and in different categories based on exposure time and occupation. The foundry workers' experience was compared to that expected on the basis of the general male population's death rates in Finland, and different categories of the cohort were compared to each other through direct standardization. During the period from 1950 through 1973, there had occurred 224 deaths. The mortality approached the expected value computed from the age-adjusted general male population, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) being 90 for all foundry workers and 95 for workers in "typical" foundry occupations. The corresponding standard mortality ratios based on the estimated total number of person-years, after the application of corrections for sampling fractions, were 86 and 95, respectively. There was a slight shift of the age of death towards younger age groups among the casters, fettlers, and furnace tenders. Mortality from coronary heart disease showed a standardized mortality ratio of 80 for the whole cohort; no significant differences were found for any occupational category. Lung cancer mortality was higher than expected (SMR 150) in the entire cohort; closer analysis revealed that the excess was confined to iron foundries, and especially to molders with more than 5 years of exposure. There were no more violent deaths than expected, not even from work accidents. Because most occupational cohorts have standardized mortality ratios that are well below 90, the present results were interpreted as probably indicating slightly elevated mortality. The most important finding was the concentration of lung cancer among molders in iron foundries.
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PMID:A mortality study of foundry workers. 96 68

In an attempt to assess whether silica induces lung cancer, a nested case-control study of 316 male lung cancer cases and 1352 controls was carried out among pottery workers and tungsten, copper-iron, and tin miners from five provinces in south central China. Exposure to dust and silica for each study subject was evaluated quantitatively by cumulative exposure measures based on historical industrial hygiene records. Measurements on confounders such as inorganic arsenic, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and radon were also collected from the worksites. Information on cigarette smoking was obtained by interviews of the subjects or their next of kin. A significant trend of increasing risk of lung cancer with exposure to silica was found for tin miners, but not for miners working in tungsten or copper-iron mines. Concomitant and highly correlated exposures to arsenic and PAHs among tin miners were also found. Risk of lung cancer among pottery workers was related to exposure to silica, although the dose-response gradient was not significant. Risks of lung cancer were significantly increased among silicotic subjects in iron-copper and tin mines, but not in pottery factories or tungsten mines. The results of this study provide only limited support for an aetiological association between silica and lung cancer.
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PMID:A nested case-control study of lung cancer among silica exposed workers in China. 131 81

As part of a larger study relating to silica exposure, silicosis, and lung cancer mortality in Chinese mine and factory workers, 1936 old posterior-anterior chest X-rays were re-interpreted according to the 1986 Chinese Roentgenodiagnostic Criteria of pneumoconioses. Each film was independently read by three individuals from a panel of eleven radiologists, and this reading was compared to the original one. Subsequent to the independent readings, a groups of three readers interpreted the films together, called the consensus readings. Comparisons were made by Chinese stage of pneumoconiosis. For the entire cohort, there was a crude agreement of 57.4% between the old and the new interpretations. Agreement within one step of full agreement was 92.5%. The interpretations done by median reading and by consensus were very similar. In general, there was a tendency for the old readings to be slightly higher compared to the new interpretations. This tendency was most marked in the tin mines, followed in decreasing order by the iron/copper mines, the potteries, and the tungsten mines. The agreement between the old and new interpretations is felt to be satisfactory.
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PMID:A comparison of radiographic interpretation of silica exposed workers using the 1963 and the 1986 Chinese roentgenodiagnostic criteria of pneumoconioses. 133 88

This is the second update of a study of 3,444 taconite miners and millers who were first exposed to taconite, with associated exposures to silica and nonasbestiform amphiboles, in the period 1947 through 1958. Previous analyses of deaths through 1977, and again through 1983, showed no significant excess deaths from any specific causes. The present study continues the follow-up through 1988, adding 14,748 person-years of observation and 261 death certificates for analysis. The population, reduced to 3,431 because of the detection of 13 earlier duplications, has now been observed for 101,055 person-years, with 1,058 deaths and 1,039 death certificates. Death certificates were obtained for 98.2% of those known to be dead. The total number of deaths was significantly fewer than expected. Based on US rates, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 83 (ie, 83% of expected). Based on Minnesota death rates, it was 91. With both US and Minnesota death rates, the SMRs for malignant neoplasms, cancer of the respiratory tract, cancer of the digestive system, heart disease, nonmalignant respiratory disease, and cirrhosis of the liver were all below 100. Slightly elevated SMRs were found for cancer of the colon, cancer of the kidney, and lymphopoietic cancer. These elevations were not statistically significant. Separate analyses were made of total deaths, lung cancer deaths, and kidney cancer deaths in men who had worked with taconite for time periods of less than 1 year, 1-5 years, 5-10 years, and over 10 years, during observation periods less than 10 years, 10-20 years, and over 20 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:An updated study of taconite miners and millers exposed to silica and non-asbestiform amphiboles. 133 7

Intracellular iron can be estimated semi-quantitatively by histochemical determination using the ferrocyanide reagent's score. Particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) allows accurate determination of various elements including iron in cells and biological fluids. Both techniques have been used to measure iron in alveolar macrophages gathered by bronchoalveolar lavage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical usefulness of the PIXE technique in occupational respiratory medicine and in various pulmonary diseases. Using the PIXE method, we measured the iron content of alveolar macrophages in healthy subjects, with and without occupational exposure to iron dust, and in patients with pulmonary diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, Goodpasture's syndrome). Our results were then compared with those obtained with the ferrocyanide reagent. Intramacrophagic iron was 0.33 +/- 0.21 micrograms.10(-6) (mean +/- SD) cells in healthy non-smoking subjects without occupational exposure. Intramacrophagic iron was increased in smokers, iron-steelworkers, and in patients with COPD or lung cancer even in the absence of pulmonary haemorrhage. The two patients with Goodpasture's syndrome had high intramacrophagic iron content. About 80% of the whole bronchoalveolar lavage fluid iron content was in the cells. Mean iron content of blood monocytes, lymphocytes and neutrophils of eight healthy subjects was significantly lower than that of alveolar macrophages. A significant correlation was found between iron determination by the PIXE method and the ferrocyanide reagent's score (r = 0.89). We conclude that intramacrophagic iron may be increased in steelworkers and subjects with pulmonary haemorrhage, but also in asymptomatic smokers, in COPD and lung cancer patients without occupational exposure to iron dust.
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PMID:Iron content in human alveolar macrophages. 137 40


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