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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cancer risk can be reduced by replacing crocidolite and amosite by chrysotile asbestos, by replacing asbestos by man-made mineral fibres that produce less dust, and by nonfibrous materials. MMMF have been found to be carcinogenic in experiments in animals. All respirable mineral fibres that are retained in the lungs are suspected to increase the lung cancer risk, the fibre length and surface properties appearing to be the decisive factors. For most of these fibres, data so far collected in humans are still insufficient to permit definite conclusions to be drawn. There is a certain amount of evidence to suggest that rock/slag wool may be carcinogenic in humans: lung cancer in workers in the production area in the USA was found to be significantly increased (SMR 134%), and in the early phase of European production an SMR of 257% was observed. In the area of glass wool production, exposure to fibre and lung cancer rates were lower, but showed an increasing tendency with increasing time elapsed since the first exposure to respirable fibres. Methodological problems associated with published epidemiological studies are reviewed, and prevention strategies--which need to give consideration to the possibility that the carcinogenicity per fibre could be higher in the case of MMMF than in chrysotile asbestos--are discussed.
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PMID:[Artificial mineral fibers and the risk of cancer]. 216 54

In the cohort of American MMMF workers reported by ENTERLINE et al. [Ann. occup. Hyg. 31, 625-656 (1987)] autopsies were recorded in 652 (13.5%) of 4840 deaths. Lung tissue samples were sought from all pathologists and obtained in 145 (22.2%), together with similar samples from 124 matched referents. Lung fibre counts by phase contrast microscopy were 60% higher (P less than 0.05) in workers than referents. Electron microscopy (ATEM) also showed more fibres of all kinds--MMMF, asbestos and other--but no convincing excess of any one type. Lung samples of only 26% of workers contained any MMMF, almost all siliceous in nature and in low concentration. There were too few cases of lung cancer (19) for any useful conclusion; however, in the plant with the highest lung cancer SMR (200), and a probable mesothelioma, amosite at greater than 1.0 fibres per micrograms (f micrograms-1) was found in four of six workers but in none of their matched referents. Although our findings contribute little to the interpretation of the results obtained by ENTERLINE et al. they indicate the potential value of tissue analyses in monitoring epidemiological studies of MMMF exposure.
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PMID:Lung dust analysis in the assessment of past exposure of man-made mineral fibre workers. 228 88

Lung cancer mortality from 1980 to 1986 was studied in a cohort of 1,419 men in a silicosis register who had no previous exposure to asbestos and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. The 28 deaths from lung cancer were statistically in excess of expected (SMR 2.03; 95% CI 1.35-2.93). Excess risks of lung cancer were found in both underground workers (SMR 3.41; 95% CI 1.10-7.97; based on 5 deaths) and surface workers (SMR 1.87, 95% CI 1.18-2.81; based on 23 deaths). All lung cancer deaths were smokers. There was an increase in SMRs with longer latency periods and years of exposure, with the greatest risk found in those who had worked for 30 or more years after more than 30 years since first exposed (SMR 3.07, based on 16 deaths). The risk for lung cancer was higher in those with tuberculosis (SMR 2.52; 95% CI 1.52-3.94) and showed an increasing trend with severity of silicosis, from category 1 to 3 and from category A to C, with highest risk in those with tuberculosis and category 3 (SMR 4.44 based on 3 deaths) or tuberculosis and category C (SMR 7.63 based on 7 deaths). Most of the excess lung cancer risk in silicotics is due to smoking, but a synergistic effect between smoking and silica/silicosis on the risk of lung cancer is also likely. In particular, a possible role of silicosis and tuberculosis as the fibrotic seedbed for malignant growth in the lung is strongly supported.
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PMID:Mortality of a cohort of men in a silicosis register: further evidence of an association with lung cancer. 230 8

Results are presented of a cohort study on the incidence of cancers and crude death rates in ferrochromium and ferrosilicon workers. The whole cohort was observed from 1 January 1953 to 31 December 1985. Two sets of results are presented; one restricted to workers first employed before 1960 and one to workers first employed before 1965. The latter cohort consists of 1235 workers. The total mortality in the whole cohort was low (SMR = 81) as was the overall incidence of cancers (SIR = 84). There was an overall deficit of deaths and cases of cancer in the ferrosilicon group. An excess of lung cancer (SIR = 154) and cancer of the prostate (SIR = 151) was observed in the ferrochromium workers employed before 1965. Cancer of the kidney was also in excess (SIR = 273) in the ferrochromium group, with a mean "latency time" of 39 years. Two cases of malignant melanomas had occurred versus 0.19 expected in a small subgroup of workers in electrical shops and an electric power station.
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PMID:Incidence of cancer among ferrochromium and ferrosilicon workers: an extended observation period. 231 Jul 3

Fire fighters are known to be occupationally exposed to many toxic substances. However, the limited number of previous studies has not demonstrated any consistent excess mortality from diseases of a priori concern, such as lung cancer, non-malignant respiratory disease, and cardiovascular disease. We studied 2,289 Seattle fire fighters from 1945 through 1983, and observed 383 deaths. Excess mortality from leukemia (SMR = 503, n = 3) and multiple myeloma (SMR = 989, n = 2) was observed among fire fighters with 30 years or more fire combat duty. Lung cancer mortality was elevated (SMR = 177, n = 18) among fire fighters 65 years old or older. We also analyzed the data by considering fire fighters at risk only after 30 years from first exposure. In this analysis, a trend of increasing risk with increasing exposure was observed for diseases of the circulatory system. For this cause of death, fire fighters with 30 years or more fire combat duty had a relative risk of 1.84 compared to those with less than 15 years of fire combat duty.
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PMID:Cohort mortality study of Seattle fire fighters: 1945-1983. 232 16

The mortality risk of iron ore (haematite) miners between 1970 and 1982 was investigated in a retrospective cohort study of workers from two mines, Longyan and Taochong, in China. The cohort was limited to men and consisted of 5406 underground miners and 1038 unexposed surface workers. Among the 490 underground miners who died, 205 (42%) died of silicosis and silicotuberculosis and 98 (20%) of cancer, including 29 cases (5.9%) of lung cancer. The study found an excess risk of non-malignant respiratory disease and of lung cancer among haematite miners. The standardised mortality ratio for lung cancer compared with nationwide male population rates was significantly raised (SMR = 3.7), especially for those miners who were first employed underground before mechanical ventilation and wet drilling were introduced (SMR = 4.8); with jobs involving heavy exposure to dust, radon, and radon daughters (SMR = 4.2); with a history of silicosis (SMR = 5.3); and with silicotuberculosis (SMR = 6.6). No excess risk of lung cancer was observed in unexposed workers (SMR = 1.2). Among current smokers, the risk of lung cancer increased with the level of exposure to dust. The mortality from all cancer, stomach, liver, and oesophageal cancer was not raised among underground miners. An excess risk of lung cancer among underground mine workers which could not be attributed solely to tobacco use was associated with working conditions underground, especially with exposure to dust and radon gas and with the presence of non-malignant respiratory disease. Because of an overlap of exposures to dust and radon daughters, the independent effects of these factors could not be evaluated.
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PMID:Mortality experience of haematite mine workers in China. 232 25

A prospective cohort study was conducted in 415 small-scale chromeplating plants in Japan to examine the mortality of platers employed between 1970 and 1976. A group of 1,193 male metal platers was identified in 1976 and divided into a chromium plater subgroup (n = 626) and a nonchromium plater subgroup (n = 567). Both subgroups were followed from 1976 through December 1987. Among specific causes of death, only lung cancer was found to be significantly higher than expected for all platers (16 observed, 8.9 expected; SMR 179; 95% CI 102-290). This elevated SMR, however, was not statistically significant in either of the two plater subgroups. The SMR for lung cancer of the chromium plater subgroup was highest among those exposed for the shortest period and among those exposed in the most remote calendar years.
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PMID:A prospective cohort study of chromium plating workers in Japan. 233 32

In an attempt to address previously reported excesses of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), lung cancer and bladder cancer among professional drivers, the mortality (SMR) of 2134 Montreal city bus drivers employed for at least five years as of January 1962 and followed until 31 December 1985 was compared with that of the male population of greater Montreal. The vital status of 94% of the cohort was ascertained. The number of deaths observed was 804. The overall mortality was somewhat lower than expected (SMR = 97). A small, non-significant excess mortality was found for ischaemic heart disease (IHD) (O/E = 313/295, SMR = 106, 95% CI: 95-118) and circulatory system diseases (O/E = 441/405, SMR = 109, 95% CI: 99-119). However, no excesses were observed for lung cancer (O/E = 78/84.4, SMR = 92, 95% CI: 73-114) or bladder cancer (O/E = 4/7.4, SMR = 54, 95% CI: 15-138). These results are compatible with other studies which have found a small risk of IHD for bus drivers.
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PMID:Mortality in a historical cohort of bus drivers. 247 46

Occupational surveillance systems, which examine mortality patterns by occupation or industry, may contribute to hypothesis generation and priority setting for occupational cancer research and control. In the City of Torino the Local Population and Family Register records and the Census records are matchable through a computerized record linkage procedure. Since the early 1980's we have incorporated demographic events, occurring among residents, into the Census data source, covering birth, death and migration. This paper deals with the occupational mortality, from 1981 to 1985, of 262, 314 men and 146, 125 women, aged 15-64, who held a job at the 1981 Census. Mortality from 31 selected causes of death, including 22 cancer sites, among individuals employed in specific occupations (64 categories) and economic activities (80 categories) was compared with the mortality experienced by the whole cohort of active people. The surveillance design does not take into account potential confounders such as cigarette smoking, alcohol and previous work history. Despite the short duration of follow-up, some occupation-cancer associations, consistently documented in others surveillance studies, have been detected in our study: lung cancer among motor vehicle drivers (SMR 143, 27 obs), metal molders (SMR 178, 8 obs), welders (SMR 241, 7 obs) and wood workers (SMR 218, 12 obs), leukemias and electrical workers (SMR 367, 6 obs).
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PMID:[Mortality in relation to the type of economic activity and occupation in the Turinese longitudinal study]. 253 73

Follow-up of a cohort of 1,165 steelworkers exposed to acid mists has been extended from 1981 to early 1986 for most cohort members, and information on smoking has also been collected. We obtained an SMR for lung cancer (unadjusted for smoking) of 1.56 (95% CI 1.12-2.11, 41 observed). For those with 20 years or more since first exposure, the SMR was 1.72 (1.21-2.39). However, no trend was found with duration of exposure. To adjust for smoking, we used an indirect adjustment as suggested by Axelson to account for the fact that the exposed cohort smoked slightly more than the U.S. referent population. The SMR for the whole cohort dropped to 1.36 (0.97-1.84), while for those with more than 20 years since first exposure, the SMR was 1.50 (1.05-2.07). These results indicate that an excess risk for lung cancer persists after control for confounding by smoking.
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PMID:Further follow-up and adjustment for smoking in a study of lung cancer and acid mists. 261 Feb 8


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