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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We conducted a retrospective cohort study among 1,022 refractory brick workers exposed to crystalline silica. Mortality from lung cancer (SMR = 1.77) and respiratory diseases (SMR = 3.15) was elevated in workers first employed less than or equal to 1957 who are likely to have shared the highest exposure to crystalline silica. Workers with at least 19 years of cumulative employment in the plant experienced particularly increased risks for lung cancer (SMR = 2.01) and respiratory diseases (SMR = 3.89). Relative mortality from these specific causes increased with years since first employment (that is, first exposure) and decreased with age at first employment. Indirect adjustment for smoking habits and the lack of excess mortality from cardiovascular diseases and emphysema indicated little effect of smoking on the increased risks for lung cancer and respiratory diseases.
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PMID:Lung cancer risk among refractory brick workers exposed to crystalline silica: a retrospective cohort study. 165 67

A cohort of 3469 males with at least 1 y of underground uranium mining experience in New Mexico was assembled and mortality followed up through 31 December 1985. The mean and median cumulative exposures for the cohort were 0.39 J h m-3 and 0.12 J h m-3 (111.4 and 35.0 Working Level Months [WLM]), respectively. Overall, mortality in the cohort was significantly increased (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 1.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-1.2) relative to the general population of the state. By cause, significant increases were observed for lung cancer (SMR = 4.0, 95% CI 3.1-5.1) and for external causes of death (SMR = 1.5, 95% CI 1.3-1.7). The risk of lung cancer increased for exposure categories above 100 WLM; the excess relative risk increased by 0.5% per mJ h m-3, 95% CI 0.2-1.5 (1.8% per WLM, 95% CI 0.7-5.4). Data were consistent with a multiplicative interaction between smoking and exposure to Rn progeny in an exponential relative risk model. The risk of lung cancer varied substantially with age at observation; the odds ratios rose more steeply with exposure to Rn progeny for those less than age 55 y at observation.
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PMID:Lung cancer mortality and exposure to radon progeny in a cohort of New Mexico underground uranium miners. 165 63

In order to investigate whether the prolonged exposure to coal mine dust increases the cancer risk for coal miners, a pilot study in a selected cohort of 334 Dutch miners with coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP), followed from 1956 until 1983, was conducted. In total, 165 miners had died (49.4%); for 162 (98.2%) the cause of death was traced. In comparison to the general Dutch male population, total mortality in the cohort was statistically significantly increased (SMR: 153). This was in general due to the significantly higher than expected cancer mortality (SMR: 163), cancer of stomach and small intestine (SMR: 401) and nonmalignant respiratory disease (SMR: 426). The lung cancer mortality was within the expected range.
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PMID:Long-term mortality in miners with coal workers' pneumoconiosis in The Netherlands: a pilot study. 198 36

The association between silicosis and lung cancer mortality was estimated in 9,912 (369 silicotics and 9,543 nonsilicotics) white male metal miners. These miners were examined by the U.S. Public Health Service during 1959-1961 and were followed through 1975. Miners were excluded from this study if they were employed in a mine during 1959-1961 that used diesel equipment underground. The ores that were mined consisted of copper, lead-zinc, iron, mercury, lead silver, gold and gold-silver, tungsten, and molybenum. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR, U.S. white male rates) for lung cancer was 1.73 (95% CI: .94-2.90) in silicotics and 1.18 (95% CI: .98-1.42) in nonsilicotics. Additionally, SMRs were higher in silicotics than in nonsilicotics, even in most subgroups stratified by cigarette smoking habit, type of ore mined, years of service in an underground job, radon exposure group, or year of hire. When lung cancer mortality between silicotics and nonsilicotics was compared, the age-adjusted rate ratio (95% CI) was 1.56 (.91-2.68), and the age- and smoking-adjusted rate ratio was 1.96 (.98-3.67). Corresponding figures for miners who were employed in mines with low levels of radon exposure were 1.90 (.98-3.67) and 2.59 (1.44-4.68), respectively. These findings indicate that lung cancer mortality risk was increased in silicotics, and this probably did not result from chance or bias. However, confounding from radon exposure could not be ruled out. The findings indicate that further follow-up of this cohort is needed.
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PMID:Silicosis and lung cancer in U.S. metal miners. 200 98

The mortality experience of 716 male hydrometallurgical nickel refinery employees who worked at Sherritt Gordon Limited in Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta for at least 12 continuous months during the years 1954 to 1978 was examined. Mortality ascertainment was obtained utilizing the Canadian Mortality Data Base maintained by Statistics Canada and covered the years 1954 through 1984. Cause-specific mortality analyses were accomplished using male, age and calendar-year adjusted death rates for Canada and the province of Alberta. Total mortality was significantly below expectation (27 observed vs. 47 expected). Statistically significant fewer observed deaths were found for circulatory disease while multiple myeloma demonstrated a statistically significant increase of observed deaths. No deaths due to nasal cavity or paranasal sinus cancer were detected. Only one lung cancer death was found with three deaths expected (SMR 33). No association was found in this study between exposure to nickel concentrate or metallic nickel and the subsequent development of respiratory cancer.
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PMID:Mortality experience at a hydrometallurgical nickel refinery in Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta between 1954 and 1984. 201 Oct 3

A multicentre cohort of 11,092 male welders from 135 companies located in nine European countries has been assembled with the aim of investigating the relation of potential cancer risk, lung cancer in particular, with occupational exposure. The observation period and the criteria for inclusion of welders varied from country to country. Follow up was successful for 96.9% of the cohort and observed numbers of deaths (and for some countries incident cancer cases) were compared with expected numbers calculated from national reference rates. Mortality and cancer incidence ratios were analysed by cause category, time since first exposure, duration of employment, and estimated cumulative dose to total fumes, chromium (Cr), Cr VI, and nickel (Ni). Overall a statistically significant excess was reported for mortality from lung cancer (116 observed v 86.81 expected deaths, SMR = 134). When analysed by type of welding an increasing pattern with time since first exposure was present for both mild steel and stainless steel welders, which was more noticeable for the subcohort of predominantly stainless steel welders. No clear relation was apparent between mortality from lung cancer and duration of exposure to or estimated cumulative dose of Ni or Cr. Whereas the patterns of lung cancer mortality in these results suggest that the risk of lung cancer is higher for stainless steel than mild steel welders the different level of risk for these two categories of welding exposure cannot be quantified with precision. The report of five deaths from pleural mesothelioma unrelated to the type of welding draws attention to the risk of exposure to asbestos in welding activities.
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PMID:A historical prospective study of European stainless steel, mild steel, and shipyard welders. 201 4

We conducted a follow-up study to evaluate mortality among 14,861 workers employed in five facilities producing or using phenol and formaldehyde. More than 360,000 person-years of follow-up accrued. Mortality rates from all causes of death combined were similar to those in the general U.S. population. We observed excesses of cancer of the esophagus, cancer of the kidney, and Hodgkin's disease among workers exposed to phenol, but none of these excesses showed a dose-response relation with exposure to phenol. Excess lung cancer mortality (SMR = 1.2) showed no consistent pattern by any exposure index. Workers exposed to phenol had lower mortality ratios for cancer of the buccal cavity and pharynx, cancer of the stomach, cancer of the brain, arteriosclerotic heart disease, emphysema, disease of the digestive system, and cirrhosis of the liver. Of these, arteriosclerotic heart disease, emphysema, and cirrhosis of the liver were inversely related to duration of phenol exposure and to cumulative phenol exposure levels. Although these inverse associations may be due to chance or uncontrolled confounders, the ability of phenol to interfere with the generation of oxidants in experimental systems suggests that the pattern may have biologic plausibility.
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PMID:Mortality among industrial workers exposed to phenol. 205

A cluster of 7 lung cancer deaths among workers of a small tannery in Biella is reported. The major process in the plant, until the end of World War II, was chromium and vegetable tanning. A historical cohort study was carried out on a total of 353 male workers. The expected number of death was estimated on the basis of local mortality rates. An SMR for lung cancer of 449 (95% C.L. 180-925) was found for the entire cohort. Excluding workers non specifically employed in tanning operations, the SMR for lung cancer increased to 1087 (95% C.L. 352-2533). In order to control for potential confounders a nested case-control study was planned. The next-of-kin of 8 cases deceased for lung cancer and 32 controls matched by age were interviewed on smoking habits and previous jobs. Logistic regression analysis showed an O.R. of 6.94 (95% C.L. 1.18-40.73), adjusted for smoking habits and occupational history, for subjects involved in tanning operations. A registry of incident cases of cancer was established in order to avoid biased findings based on cluster cases.
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PMID:[Epidemics of lung tumors in a Biella tannery]. 215 Nov 33

Over the period 1950-60, occupational and smoking histories were collected in the course of the preventive medical examinations of 247,064 workers in Vienna. Of these, 1630 male workers aged greater than or equal to 40 were selected because of their occupational exposure to silica and 'inert' dusts, and were matched for age, time at which observation was begun, and smoking with 1630 subjects from the same source but without such exposure. Follow-up of 99.8% of the members of these two cohorts resulted in 60,237 person-years of observation, while identification of the underlying cause of death for 98.8% of them (by autopsy in greater than 50%) up to the end of 1985 showed a significantly higher mortality from lung cancer in dust-exposed subjects (179 cases) as compared with those not so exposed (141 cases) and with the local population (standardized mortality ratio (SMR 169). This excess lung cancer mortality was found in all subgroups (SMR in foundries 164, other metal industries 133, ceramics and glass 237, stone and construction 294), consistent with the hypothesis that long-term heavy occupational exposure to silica and 'inert' dusts promotes lung cancer. The only other cancer site for which the number of cases was significantly greater in those exposed to dust was the stomach (SMR 166).
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PMID:Occupational dust exposure and cancer mortality--results of a prospective cohort study. 216 4

A proportionate mortality study suggested that members of the International Brotherhood of Potters and Allied Workers in the United States had an elevated frequency of deaths from non-malignant respiratory disease (PMR = 1.54) and lung cancer (PMR = 1.21). The lung cancer excess occurred exclusively among pottery workers employed in the manufacture of plumbing fixtures (PMR = 1.80). A subsequent cohort study examined mortality among 2055 white men employed in three ceramic plumbing fixture factories. There was a significant excess of non-malignant respiratory disease (SMR = 1.73). Lung cancer mortality was also higher than expected (SMR = 1.43) and was highest among workers whose jobs involved simultaneous exposure to silica and non-fibrous talc (SMR = 2.54). Lung cancer mortality risk increased with increasing number of years of exposure to non-fibrous talc and showed no pattern by number of years of exposure to silica. Among men exposed to talc, lung cancer risk increased with years since first non-fibrous talc exposure and decreased with age at first exposure. The data suggested an association between exposure to non-fibrous talc and excess lung cancer risk; however, the role of silica as a co-factor or promoting agent could not be ruled out.
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PMID:Lung cancer mortality among pottery workers in the United States. 216 6


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