Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We tested the cellular immunity of the patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis (n = 16) and primary lung cancer (n = 14). The data showed that PHA-p induced peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) proliferation and interleukin 2 (IL-2) productivity were significantly reduced in both patients groups, and also the PBL proliferation induced by exogenous recombined IL-2 was reduced, but not significantly (P > 0.05) compared with normal central. Our results suggested that cellular immunodepression may exist in pulmonary sarcoidosis and primary lung cancer patients, the exogenous IL-2 can partly restore the reduced PBL proliferation. So the cytokine may play a role in the immunologic treatment of lung cancer and the research of pulmonary sarcoidosis.
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PMID:[Evaluation of cellular immunity in pulmonary sarcoidosis and primary lung cancer]. 132 51

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/scatter factor (SF) is a cytokine which is produced by mesenchymal cells and stimulates the motility of some epithelial cells, including cancer cells and vascular endothelial cells. Two human lung cancer cell lines, PC-1 and PC-13, were found to produce a protein which was indistinguishable from HGF/SF with regard to biological activities and immunological characteristics, although they were derived from epithelial cells. In general, highly aggressive cancer cells often show some mesenchymal characteristics, and production of HGF/SF by cancer cells is also considered as a phenomenon of acquisition of mesenchymal phenotype, which may be involved in cancer invasion and progression. These cell lines showed no apparent response to exogenous HGF/SF. In addition, no c-met proto-oncogene product was detectable in these cells by Western blot analysis. Although the function of HGF/SF produced by cancer cells, either autocrine or paracrine stimulation, remains to be studied, this is the first report to describe cancer cells producing HGF/SF.
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PMID:Human lung cancer cell line producing hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor. 133 96

The stimulatory effect of IL-2 on cortisol rise represents an undesirable biological event during IL-2 cancer immunotherapy. At present, no cytokine has been proven to be able to counteract IL-2-induced cortisol increase. This study was carried out to evaluate the influence of IL-3 on IL-2 stimulation of cortisol secretion. Five lung cancer patients were investigated after IL-2 (3 x 10(6) IU s.c.), after IL-3 (1 mcg/kg b.w. i.v.) and after IL-3 plus IL-2, by administering IL-3 two hours before IL-2 injection. IL-2 significantly stimulated cortisol secretion. IL-3 alone had no effect on cortisol levels. The pretreatment with IL-3 completely neutralizes IL-2-induced cortisol release. These preliminary results would suggest that IL-3 may be associated with IL-2 during cancer immunotherapy to modulate the effect of IL-2 on the endocrine system.
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PMID:Inhibitory effect of interleukin-3 on interleukin-2-induced cortisol release in the immunotherapy of cancer. 133 54

TNF, a cytokine produced by macrophages, is able either to exert an antitumor activity, or to determine severe clinical complications, such as cachexia and septic shock. Increased blood levels of TNF have been described in cancer patients. The present study was performed to better define TNF secretion in patients with solid tumors. The study included 48 cancer patients (lung cancer: 22; colon cancer: 11; breast cancer: 10; renal cancer: 5), and among them 27 showed distant organ metastases. TNF serum levels were measured by IRMA method. The control group comprised 40 healthy subjects. TNF levels were also evaluated in relation to those of SIL-2R, whose increase seems to be associated with an unfavorable prognosis in cancer. High levels of TNF were seen in 27/48 (56%) patients. Mean levels of TNF were significantly higher in cancer patients than in controls. Moreover, within the cancer group, TNF mean values were significantly higher in metastatic patients than in those without metastases; the highest levels were observed in patients with visceral lesions as dominant metastasis sites. Finally, patients with high TNF concentrations showed significantly higher mean levels of SIL-2R than those with normal values. This study shows that the neoplastic metastatic disease is associated with an exaggerated TNF secretion.
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PMID:Tumor necrosis factor in solid tumors: increased blood levels in the metastatic disease. 149 96

The capacity of alveolar macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes from patients with non-small cell lung cancer to develop tumoricidal function after in vitro stimulation with different macrophage activators was investigated. Alveolar macrophages were found to be impaired in their ability to develop cytotoxic activity compared with either the peripheral blood monocytes from the same patients or alveolar macrophages from patients with nonmalignant lung disorders. This result was observed consistently under diverse culture conditions and with different macrophage activators including gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), phorbol myristate acetate, or endotoxin. The impairment in tumoricidal function observed in alveolar macrophages was not associated with reduced target cell binding compared to peripheral blood monocytes. Alveolar macrophages from patients with lung cancer were found to secrete significantly greater amounts of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) than either peripheral blood monocytes from the same patients or alveolar macrophages from the patients with nonmalignant disorders. These results are consistent with either different regulatory pathways for cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion in the alveolar macrophages of patients with lung cancer or diversity in the subpopulations of cells responsible for these functions.
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PMID:Impaired tumoricidal function of alveolar macrophages from patients with non-small cell lung cancer. 165 12

Intravenous administration of sodium benzylideneascorbate (SBA) rapidly necrotized inoperable human lung cancer, and induced degeneration of 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-induced rat hepatocellular carcinoma (vacuolar, eosinophilic degeneration, nuclear debris) without affecting the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and total protein levels. Cultured normal human lung and skin fibroblasts, and human glioma and glioblastoma cell lines were relatively resistant to SBA, when compared to human myelogenous leukemic cell lines. SBA had no apparent host immunopotentiation activity such as stimulation of cytokine action or production; activation of monocyte or polymorphonuclear cells; or modulation of poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase activity. The data suggest that the antitumor activity of SBA might be produced by direct action of authentic SBA or its metabolized form(s), rather than by immunopotentiation of the hosts.
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PMID:Induction of tumor degeneration by sodium benzylideneascorbate. 174 10

Hematopoietic growth factors are produced by a number of human tumors. We extracted RNA from selected human tumor cells known to produce at least one hematopoietic growth factor and found high levels of abnormally stable cytokine messenger (m)RNA. Half-life experiments performed after preventing RNA synthesis by exposing cells to actinomycin D before RNA extraction showed stabilization of cytokine messages in tumor cells in liquid culture as well as in human tumor xenografts grown in mice. Exposure to the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA) caused enhancement of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) message level in lung cancer cells and in control fibroblasts but elevated levels persisted far longer in the tumor cells. In normal cells, an AU-rich sequence in the 3' untranslated region of cytokine mRNAs confers lability to the message. Although a beta-globin gene expression vector containing this region appears to produce unstable mRNA in lung cancer cells, cytokine mRNAs, which also contain this sequence, are very stable in the tumors we studied. This may indicate that another region of the cytokine mRNA molecule is of greater importance than the AU-rich region in determining mRNA stability in tumor cells.
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PMID:Cytokine messenger RNA stability is enhanced in tumor cells. 184 61

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) exhibits cytotoxic activity on some solid tumors and has been reported to be synergistic with topoisomerase-II-targeted antineoplastic agents. A wide range of TNF concentrations (from 10 to 10,000 U/ml) was tested in 9 human lung cancer cell lines (5 small-cell and 4 non-small-cell carcinomas) using a semi-automated MTT assay. TNF was not cytotoxic in 8 cell lines, while an adenocarcinoma cell line was marginally sensitive to the cytokine. Using 125I-TNF we were able to show the presence of specific binding sites for TNF in 4/9 human lung cancer cell lines. Scatchard analysis of the marginally sensitive cell line showed high-affinity, saturable binding. With 5 cell lines we also tested whether TNF affected the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin and etoposide, 2 topoisomerase II-targeted drugs which are widely used in the therapy of lung cancer. No significant increase in cytotoxicity was seen when TNF was added to the 2 anti-neoplastic agents. In contrast to certain other human and mouse lines, human lung cancer cell lines appear to be resistant to TNF, despite the presence of the receptor in some of them; moreover, no synergistic effect of TNF and 2 topoisomerase-II-targeted drugs was evident in these human cell lines.
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PMID:Effects of tumor necrosis factor, alone or in combination with topoisomerase-II-targeted drugs, on human lung cancer cell lines. 216 14

An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was set up by using anti-recombinant human interleukin 1 beta monoclonal antibodies. The interleukin 1 beta, anti-interleukin 1 beta autoantibody and interleukin 1 beta containing immune complex were detected in pleural effusion of 28 patients with bacterial infection cases pleurisy and 13 with lung cancer. The results showed that free interleukin 1 beta could be detectable in the early stage of pleurisy, and then transformed to the immune complex. The interleukin 1 beta containing immune complex were detectable in the pleeural effusions of all the 28 patients with pleurisy, but only two patients with lung cancer. The results suggested that this cytokine behaves differently in these two different kinds of diseases.
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PMID:[The changes and clinical significance of interleukin 1 beta in pleural effusion]. 755 57

The data presented in the present clinical trial demonstrated that adoptive immunotherapy using IVS cells and alpha CD3-AT cells for primary lung cancer patients may have therapeutic efficacy in selected groups of patients. Further investigation, such as induction of cytokine genes into effector cells to maximize the in vivo anti-tumor activity, combination of active immunization (tumor vaccine) and adoptive immunotherapy (10) would be definitely required for utilization of adoptive immunotherapy for lung cancer.
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PMID:Adoptive immunotherapy for primary lung cancer. 760 4


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