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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three simple models for the asbestos-smoking interaction on human lung cancer production are considered. In the first model the excess incidence of lung cancer independently due to asbestos and to smoking adds together when both agents are present (additive model). In the second the addition of each one of the two agents produces an effect (increase in lung cancer incidence) which is proportional to the effect of the other (multiplicative model). In the third, asbestos can only increase lung cancer incidence in the presence of smoking. As previously found by other investigators, the additive model appears the least plausible in the light of the data from two published epidemiological studies. A discrimination between the other two models is attempted through a detailed analysis of the five published epidemiological studies today available which provide information on occupational asbestos exposure, smoking habits and lung cancer risk. Although the data do not allow a definitive discrimination, the multiplicative model appears to be more plausible, being also consistent with a multi-stage carcinogenic mechanism and with evidence from animal (rat) experiments. It is relevant both for biology and for public health that in this model asbestos and smoking are regarded as independently capable of producing lung cancer in humans and that they act synergistically when exposure to both occurs.
Int J Cancer 1977 Sep 15
PMID:Asbestos and lung cancer: an analysis of the epidemiological evidence on the asbestos-smoking interaction. 90 86

Ninety-two patients with advanced bronchogenic carcinoma were prospectively randomized according to performance status, histology, and extent of disease to methyl-CCNU alone; methyl-CCNU and vincristine; or methyl-CCNU, vincristine, and methotrexate. Seventy-three patients were evaluable. Randomization to methyl-CCNU alone was discontinued when only three brief "static" responses were noted in 11 patients and the survival (p less than .01) and time on study (p less than .05) were noted to be significantly less than with the combination. Two of 32 patients treated with methyl-CCNU and vincristine, and two of 30 patients treated with methyl-CCNU, vincristine, and methotrexate had mixed responses with a median of 67.5 days. A static response was seen in eight of 32 and none of 30 patients, respectively. Minimal toxicity occurred in all regimens. Methyl-CCNU alone or in combination with vincristine or vincristine and methotrexate is of limited benefit in patients with lung cancer, although our data suggest (p = 0.15) that the addition of methotrexate increases time on study and survival in patients with extensive disease.
Cancer 1976 Sep
PMID:Methyl-CCNU, alone and in combination with vincristine, or vincristine and methotrexate, in advanced bronchogenic carcinoma. 95 56

We reviewed 179 patients who had undergone thoracotomy and resection of a suspected malignant coin lesion of the lung over the past 20 years to see if a policy of early thoracotomy was therapeutically valid. The average diameter of all lesions was 1.6 cm; the average diameter of 27 malignant lesions (15 percent) was 1.8 cm. Follow-up of the 27 patients with malignant neoplasms was 100 percent. The present survival rate of the 19 patients with primary lung cancer is 89 percent (17/19). Of 12 cases of primary lung cancer followed for five years, ten (83 percent) survived. The five-year survival of the eight patients with metastatic lesions was 25 percent (2/8). There were no postoperative deaths and few serious postoperative complications (four patients or 2 percent). Very small primary lung cancers detected and treated early do have the same poor prognosis as larger primary cancers.
Chest 1976 Sep
PMID:The coin lesion story: update 1976. Twenty years' experience with thoracotomy for 179 suspected malignant coin lesions. 95 58

In clinical trials and other investigations of survival time, information is often available on a time-dependent event other than survival. An example of such an auxiliary event in cancer studies is objective progression of disease. While some patients expire without experiencing objective disease progression, others die after progression is observed. This paper proposes a stochastic model which utilizes this type of information in the evaluation of survival time. Our intentions in presenting this model are to provide a means of relating survival and another time-dependent event to one another (each of which may be used in the evaluation of a patient's condition), and to obtain more precise estimates of survival time by exploiting its relationship with this other event. The intrinsic aspects of the model are related to the semi-Markov model proposed by Weiss and Zelen [1965]. An important difference is that the present model incorporates incomplete (censored) observations as well as covariante variables. Analysis of the model via the method of maximum likelihood and its testability are discussed. The methods are applied to the results of a recent lung cancer study.
Biometrics 1976 Sep
PMID:A stochastic model for censored-survival data in the presence of an auxiliary variable. 96 70

A regression model for the analysis of survival data adjusting for concomitant information is developed. The model presented can lead to the log linear exponential model (Glasser [1967]) and the life table regression model of Cox [1972]. In addition, the model described can be used to analyze data from the commonly employed actuarial life table. A discussion of the special case where one is comparing two survival curves is presented. The methods developed are illustrated using data from a clinical trial investigating treatments for lung cancer.
Biometrics 1976 Sep
PMID:Life tables with concomitant information. 96 72

Lymphocyte-stimulated protein synthesis (SPS) in response to human tumor-associated antigens was assessed by measuring [3H]leucine incorporation. Correlation of SPS with other in vivo and in vitro response was demonstrated by immunizing normal subjects with keyhole limpet hemocyanin and testing sequentially frozen lymphocytes and serum samples. One week after immunization, lymphocytes from normal subjects demonstrated increased SPS to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. This correlated with the appearance of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity responses and preceded detection of hemagglutinating antibodies and increases in lymphocyte [3H]thymidine incorporation. There was no difference in the reactivity of fresh and viable frozen lymphocytes, and as few as 5X 10(5) lymphocytes/microtiter plate well could be used. Tumor-associated antigens were prepared from four lung carcinomas, six sarcomas, and six melanomas, using 3 M KCI extraction. Lymphocyte responses to both autologous and allogeneic tumor extracts were observed. Five of 15 patients demonstrated significant SPS to autologous tumor antigens. Fourteen of 20 lung cancer patients responded to lung cancer antigen, whereas only 11 of 41 patients with other tumors and 3 of 19 normal subjects reacted. Significantly, more lung cancer patients reacted to the tumor extract than to an extract of uninvolved lung from the same patient. Twenty-one of 42 melanoma patients responded to melanoma antigen. Ten of 33 patients with other tumors and 3 of 24 normal subjects reacted to the melanoma extract. Eight of 30 melanoma patients reacted to an extract of muscle from the same donor as was the melanoma antigen. Tumor-associated antigenic activity of 3 M KCI extracts can therefore be detected by measuring lymphocyte [3h]leucine incorporation.
Cancer Res 1976 Sep
PMID:A rapid assay for stimulation of human lymphocytes by tumor-associated antigens. 97 69

Since cigarette smoking is an important cause of lung cancer and chronic bronchitis both conditions should occur together more often in cigarette smokers than would result from chance. If they do commonly occur together then severe airways obstruction, which is often associated with chronic bronchitis, should also be often associated with lung cancer. To discover whether this were so three groups of patients were studied at the London Chest Hospital. Two hundred men and 43 women who presented with lung cancer provided information on the prevalence of defined chronic bronchitis and airways obstruction in those suffering from lung cancer. The third group consisted of 233 men presenting with defined chronic bronchitis who were kept under observation to discover how many would die from lung cancer. The results suggested that simple bronchitis and lung cancer often occur together but that obstructive bronchitis and lung cancer do not often occur together. The lack of association between lung cancer and severe airways obstruction requires an explanation.
Br Med J 1975 Sep 20
PMID:Relation between lung cancer, chronic bronchitis, and airways obstruction. 117 52

Se-malt cakes containing 300 micrograms selenium were given daily to men from high risk area of lung cancer and the influence of ultraviolet light (UV) and be benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) induced unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) of peripheral lymphocytes were determined. After Se-supplementation for 6 months, the Se levels in serum, hairs and activity of GSH-px were increased by 89%, 67% and 178%, respectively. The ratio of UV-induced UDS was decreased from the mean value of 2.47 in the control to 1.61 (P < 0.05) in the Se-group. After Se-intake for one year, the Se levels were elevated by 78% in serum, 83% in hairs and 56% in GSH-px activity, while the mean value of B alpha P-induced UDS was reduced from 2.21 in the control to 1.47 (P < 0.05) in the Se-group. The results of the present study indicate a blocking effect of Se-supplementation to UV- and B alpha P-induced UDS of peripheral lymphocytes from high risk subjects for lung cancer.
Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 1992 Sep
PMID:[Effects of Se-enriched malt cakes on UV benzo(a)pyrene induced unscheduled DNA synthesis of lymphocytes from high risk population of lung cancer]. 129 Dec 89

This paper reports on 70 patients with tumors of the trachea, bronchus and lung treated by reconstruction of the trachea, carina and the main bronchus (21 cases) and sleeve lobectomy (49 cases). Postoperatively, 2 patients died of tracheo-innominate artery fistula and 2 developed empyema which was healed. There was no mortality in the sleeve lobectomy patients. The 3- and 5-year survival rates of the cancer patients treated by reconstruction of trachea, carina and main bronchus were 54.5%(6/11) and 33.3%(3/9), respectively. The 3- and 5-year survival rates of lung cancer patients treated by sleeve lobectomy were 46.6% (14/30) and 33.3% (7/21), respectively.
Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 1992 Sep
PMID:[Reconstruction of trachea, carina and bronchus for tumors of the trachea, carina and lung]. 129 Dec 95

Thirty-two cases (20.13%) of primary lung cancer from 159 coal miner autopsies of Beijing coal mining area are reported in this study. The ratio of peripheral type to central type of lung cancer is 1.9:1; among them the adenocarcinoma is the most frequent (56.25%). Pathological examination shows that the diffuse interstitial type is the most common lung cancer. The occurrence of adenocarcinoma and the degree of lung fibrosis is related. The average number of ferruginous bodies is 190.2 +/- 8.06 in adenocarcinoma, 165.4 +/- 2.60 in squamous carcinoma, the difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05). The amount of trace elements-Fe, Al, Al/Si and Zn/Cu in lung with cancer is less than that without cancer. This article also discusses the relationship between coal mine pneumoconiosis with lung cancer of the formation of ferruginous bodies in the lung tissue of coal miner autopsies, which resembles the lung cancer combined with asbestosis. We also discussed the carcinogenesis of trace element in lung.
Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 1992 Sep
PMID:[Study on the incidence of coal mine pneumoconiosis and lung cancer in Beijing coal mining district]. 129 8


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