Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) on human lung cancer cell line NCI-1299 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) tyrosine phosphorylation and vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) expression were investigated. PACAP-27 (100 nM) increased MAPK tyrosine phosphorylation 3-fold, 5 min after addition to NCI-H1299 cells. PACAP caused tyrosine phosphorylation in a concentration-dependent manner being half-maximal at 10 nM PACAP-27. PACAP-27 or PACAP-38 (100 nM) but not PACAP28-38 or VIP caused increased MAPK tyrosine phosphorylation using NCI-H1299 cells. Also, the increase in MAPK tyrosine phosphorylation caused by PACAP-27 was totally inhibited by 10 microM PACAP(6-38), a PAC(1) receptor antagonist or 10 microM PD98059, a MAPKK inhibitor. These results suggest that PAC(1) receptors regulate tyrosine phosphorylation of MAPK in a MAPKK-dependent manner. PACAP-27 (100 nM) caused increased VEGF mRNA in NCI-H1299 cells after 8 h. The increase in VEGF mRNA caused by PACAP-27 was partially inhibited by PACAP(6-38), PD98059 and H-89. Addition of VIP to NCI-H1299 cells caused increased VEGF mRNA, which was totally inhibited by H89, a PKA inhibitor. These results suggest that PAC(1) and VPAC(1) receptors regulate VEGF expression in lung cancer cells.
 ...
PMID:PACAP-27 tyrosine phosphorylates mitogen activated protein kinase and increases VEGF mRNAs in human lung cancer cells. 1240 25

Polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) may predispose to lung cancer through deficient detoxification of carcinogenic or toxic constituents in cigarette smoke, although previous results have been conflicting. Three GST polymorphisms (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1) were determined among 86 male patients with lung carcinomas and 88 healthy male subjects. We found no significant increase in the risk of lung cancer for any genotypes for the nulled GSTM1 [odds ratio (OR)=2.0; 95% confidence interval (95% CI)= 0.8-5.3], the nulled GSTT1 (OR=2.0; 95% CI=0.8-5.1) or the mutated (the presence of a Val-105 allele) GSTP1 (OR=0.96; 95% CI=0.4-5.5). The GST polymorphisms alone may thus not be associated with susceptibility to lung carcinogenesis in male Japanese. However, individuals with a concurrent lack of GSTM1 and GSTT1 had a significantly increased risk (OR=2.7; 95% CI=1.0-7.4) when compared with those having at least one of these genes. No other combinations were associated with lung cancer risk. These results suggest that there may be carcinogenic intermediates in cigarette smoke that are substrates for both GSTM1 and GSTT1 enzymes and that lung cancer risk is increased for individuals who are doubly deleted at GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene loci. Additional large studies are needed to confirm this observation.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2000
PMID:Polymorphism in GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 and Susceptibility to Lung Cancer in a Japanese Population. 1271 3

Relative incidences of esophagus, lung and breast cancers differ in the various populations in Kyrgyzstan. Esophagus cancer is the most commonly observed among the Turkic groups, especially in Kazakhs, while lung and breast cancer are frequently encountered among the European representatives of the population - Russians in particular. Fluctuation in rates for these cancer forms in the Kyrgyzstan mountain regions is highly dependable on the height above sea level. One potential major factor, which may account for the low cancer frequency in general and influence esophagus, lung and breast cancer forms in particular - is mountain hypoxia. Since, among the native citizens (Kyrgyzes), which are adapted to mountain hypoxia conditions (population adaptation), the indicated cancer forms are not so often than the same forms appearance among the other ethnical groups (long adaptation), especially newcoming ones. Thus, the incidence rates of esophageal cancer in the Kazakh population is about 32,3 (per 100,000), the same sickness in Kyrgyz is about 11,3, the figure for lung cancer among the Russian population is 34,8, while among Kyrgyzes it is 11,2, breast cancer incidence in Russian citizens is 34,8 but only15,1 among Kyrgyz residents. It could be established that the studied forms of cancer are less common in high mountain regions than in the regions with low mountains. To a certain extent, mountain hypoxia may function like a brake for the development of cancer tumors. HGowever, the situation is complex, because of, the presence of the other factors entailed by the demographic, social-economic and other variation.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2002
PMID:Epidemiology of Esophagus, Lung and Breast Cancer in Mountainous Regions of Kyrgyz Republic. 1271 12

Cancer prevention is an important strategy in cancer control and it consists of primary prevention and secondary prevention. Major avoidable or manageable risk factors for cancer identified from previous studies are tobacco, diet and infection. Some cancer could be prevented by controlling those risk factors. In Japan screenings for gastric cancer, cervical cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer and colo-rectal cancer have been widely conducted under the Law of Health Maintenance for the Aged. In planning and evaluating cancer control activities in Japan, it was considered useful to estimate the potential of primary and secondary prevention of cancer. The author estimated the potential of cancer prevention in Japan twice previously in 1990 and 1999. In this paper the potential of cancer prevention in Japan was re-estimated by using a different method and more recent data. From the present study it was estimated that about 25% of cancer occurrence could be prevented by control of smoking, diet and infection, about 9-15% of cancer deaths could be prevented by cancer screening, and about 6- 10 % of cancer deaths could be prevented by application of the state-of-the art diagnosis and treatment of cancer, altogether about 40-50% of cancer occurrences/deaths could be prevented if all possible measures for cancer prevention are applied to the general public and cancer patients in Japan.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2001
PMID:An Estimate of the Potential for Cancer Prevention in Japan. 1271 20

Smoking is, and long has been, more prevalent among Maori than non-Maori in New Zealand. Lung cancer, but not other smoking-related cancers, is known to be markedly more common among Maori than non-Maori. Incidence and mortality data from the New Zealand Cancer Registry for cancers of the mouth/pharynx, oesophagus, pancreas, larynx, kidney and bladder, as well as lung/pleura, during the period 1974 to 1993 were analysed by sex to determine whether the rates of each of these smoking-related cancers were higher in Maori than in non-Maori. Truncated (35-64 yr) age-standardized incidence rates for 1974-93 were significantly higher in Maori than non-Maori for cancers of the pancreas, lung/pleura and kidney (both sexes), mouth/pharynx and oesophagus (males only). There was no difference between the Maori and non-Maori rates for cancer of the larynx, and bladder cancer incidence was significantly lower in Maori than non-Maori. Mortality rates followed a similar pattern as those for incidence for cancers of the pancreas, larynx, lung/pleura and kidney (both sexes) and bladder (males only). The pattern predicted by the higher prevalence of smoking in Maori than non-Maori was borne out for all smoking-related cancers except bladder and laryngeal cancer. Under-enumeration through lower access to health services may have contributed to the lower than expected rates of bladder cancer in Maori, but a role for a genetically or lifestyle related protective effect is suggested.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2000
PMID:Smoking-related Cancers in Maori and non-Maori in New Zealand, 1974-1993: Fewer Bladder Cancers among Maori. 1271 69

To promote a cancer prevention program at hospital, we started the hospital-based epidemiologic research program at Aichi Cancer Center (HERPACC) in 1988. Because patients visiting hospitals are very concerned not only about their own health condition but also practical way of disease prevention, we consider outpatients, especially those free of cancer, as ideal targets to make a model program and a practical cancer prevention strategy for general people. To confirm risk and protective effects of lifestyle factors like dietary habits, smoking and drinking, and exercise on cancer in Japanese, we have been undertaking large-scale case-referent comparative studies of main cancer sites (stomach, colorectal, lung, breast and uterine cancers) using the data generated by HERPACC. The risk of respiratory tract cancer was definitely elevated by habitual smoking and that of upper digestive tract cancer by combined habitual smoking and drinking. Frequent intake of raw vegetables and/or fruit in contrast reduced the risk of lung cancer among smokers. Current obesity was positively associated with risk of post-menopausal breast cancer, recently on the increase in Japan. However, all sites of cancer were linearly decreased with frequency of exercise in both males and females. Based on these pieces of evidence and other main results obtained from the HERPACC studies, prevention trials with provision of information about protective and risk factors for main sites of cancers to outpatients have been planned in parallel to continuation of HERPACC.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2000
PMID:A Model of Practical Cancer Prevention for Out-patients Visiting a Hospital: the Hospital-based Epidemiologic Research Program at Aichi Cancer Center (HERPACC). 1271 87

Smoking is a major cause of death in the west and increasingly also in the Asian Pacific area, some of the countries of which have the highest smoking rates in the world. While lung cancer incidence may demonstrate a better general correlation with numbers of cigarettes smoked rather than percentages of smokers, clearly the emphasis should be on quittingas well as not starting smoking. For this purpose the cooperation of the general physician is essential. Helping persuade these individuals to themselves refrain from their own habit as role models for their societies, increasing their counselling ands support of patients, and generating a comprehensive understanding of the most effective approaches to prevention by taking into account the myriad of interacting factors, is one of the most important tasks of the APJCP in 2000 and the new century.
Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2000
PMID:Tobacco Smoking in the Asian Pacific - the Scope of the Problem. 1271 92

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) are important neuropeptides in the control of lung physiology. Both of these commonly bind to specific G protein coupled receptors named VPAC(1)-R and VPAC(2)-R, and PAC(1)-R (with higher affinity for PACAP). VIP and PACAP have been implicated in the control of cell proliferation and tumor growth. This study examined the presence of VIP and PACAP receptors in human lung cancer samples, as well as the functionality of adenylyl cyclase (AC) stimulated by both peptides. Results from RT-PCR and immunoblot experiments showed the expression of VPAC(1)-, VPAC(2)- and PAC(1)-R in lung cancer samples. Immunohistochemical studies showed the expression of VPAC(1) and VPAC(2) receptors. These receptors were positively coupled to AC, but the enzyme activity was impaired as compared to normal lung. There were no changes in Galpha(s) or Galpha(i) levels. Present results contribute to a better knowledge of VIP/PACAP actions in lung cancer and support the interest for the development of VIP/PACAP analogues with therapeutic roles.
 ...
PMID:VIP and PACAP receptors coupled to adenylyl cyclase in human lung cancer: a study in biopsy specimens. 1273 41

Transforming growth factor-beta receptor-dependent signals are critical for cell growth and differentiation and are often disrupted during tumorigenesis. The entire coding region of TGFbetaRI and flanking intron sequences from 53 primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues were examined for alterations using SSCP and direct sequencing. No somatic point mutations other than two silent mutations and a polymorphism were found in the TGFbetaRI gene. The two silent mutations located at codon 344 (AAT to AAC) and codon 406 (TTA to CTA), respectively, and the polymorphism was at the 24th base of intron 7 (G to A). To investigate whether the presence of this polymorphism is associated with NSCLC, we determined its allele distribution in all the 53 carcinomas and 89 normal controls. Interestingly, we found that the subjects with homozygous genotype A/A displayed more than 3-fold increased risk of developing NSCLC than the common wild genotype G/G. As the first report, the present study showed that TGFbetaRI gene is not a frequent site of spontaneous mutational inactivation while the detected polymorphism is frequent in the pathogenesis of NSCLC.
Lung Cancer 2003 Jun
PMID:Mutational analysis of the transforming growth factor beta receptor type I gene in primary non-small cell lung cancer. 1278 26

In two recent randomised trials, gemcitabine plus cisplatin (Gem/Cis) was found to be at least as effective as vinorelbine plus cisplatin (Vin/Cis), paclitaxel plus cisplatin (Pac/Cis), paclitaxel plus carboplatin (Pac/Carbo), or docetaxel plus cisplatin (Doc/Cis) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In cost-minimisation analyses of these studies from the perspectives of the national health services of five European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK), Gem/Cis was associated with lower average treatment-related costs than Vin/Cis, Pac/Cis, and Pac/Carbo, and similar or lower costs than Doc/Cis. The incremental cost savings per patient of Gem/Cis compared to Vin/Cis ranged from 827 Euro to 2055 Euro per patient and from 1616 Euro to 5342 Euro compared to the paclitaxel-containing regimens. Overall, results were generally similar between countries, and were robust to univariate sensitivity analyses. Although differences in healthcare systems mean that the results may not be generalisable to all countries/settings, these results provide an economic rationale for the use of Gem/Cis as a first-line treatment option in Europe for patients with NSCLC.
Lung Cancer 2004 Jan
PMID:Retrospective cost analysis of gemcitabine in combination with cisplatin in non-small cell lung cancer compared to other combination therapies in Europe. 1469 44


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>