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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Glucose consumption in tissue can be measured using positron emission tomography (PET) and 18F-deoxyglucose (18FDG). Malignant tumors rely largely on anaerobic glycolysis and show very rapid glucose consumption, and can therefore be imaged using PET and 18FDG. PET has been shown to be useful in the evaluation of patients with e.g. lung cancer, colo-rectal cancer, malignant melanoma and malignant lymphoma, in terms of both diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness. The clinical use of PET for workup of cancer patients is increasing rapidly in North America as well as in the European Union, but Sweden is lagging behind.
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PMID:[Rapid increase of the use of PET in cancer investigation--but Sweden lags behind]. 1090 Sep 2

Glucose consumption in tissue can be measured using positron emission tomography (PET) and 18F-deoxyglucose (18FDG). Malignant tumors rely largely on anaerobic glycolysis and show very rapid glucose consumption, and can therefore be imaged using PET and 18FDG. PET has been shown to be useful in the evaluation of patients with e.g. lung cancer, colo-rectal cancer, malignant melanoma and malignant lymphoma, in terms of both diagnostic accuracy and cost-effectiveness. The clinical use of PET for workup of cancer patients is increasing rapidly in North America as well as in the European Union, but Sweden is lagging behind.
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PMID:[Rapid increase of the use of PET in cancer investigation--but Sweden lags behind]. 1092 Jun 97

We examined the relationship between (18)F- labeled 2-fluro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) uptake, and expression of glucose transporters (GLUTs) in two human small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) lines CPH 54A and CPH 54B. Changes in the expression of GLUTs and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during 12-, 18-, and 24 hours of severe hypoxia in vivo (xenografts) and in vitro (cell cultures) were recorded for both tumor lines. The two SCLC lines are subpopulations of the same patient tumor. In spite of their common genomic origin they represent consistently different metabolic and microenvironmental phenotypes as well as treatment sensitivities. There were higher levels of Glut-1 protein in 54B and a correspondingly higher FDG uptake in this tumor line (P<.001). During hypoxia a significant upregulation of in VEGF mRNA, GLUT-1 mRNA, and Glut-1 and -3 protein occurred with a distinctly different time course in the two cell lines. A similar co-upregulation of GLUT and VEGF was seen in hypoxic tumors of both lines. There were no significant changes of HIF-1alpha mRNA during hypoxia in either of the cell lines. A more detailed understanding of such correlations between glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, and microenvironmental phenotype of tumors, by positron emission tomography (PET) and molecular techniques might further sophisticate our interpretation of glycolytic predominance in tumors as seen by 18FFDG PET.
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PMID:Coregulation of glucose uptake and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in two small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) sublines in vivo and in vitro. 1132 19

We examined peripheral insulin sensitivity in 32 patients with cancer (17 with stomach cancer, 7 with colorectal cancer, and 8 with lung cancer) and 6 normal control subjects by the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp technique. The relationships between insulin resistance and tumor factors (type and stage), malnutrition, and inflammatory reaction were evaluated. Insulin sensitivity often was reduced in patients with cancer; however, the amount of glucose metabolized was not related to tumor site or stage. The decreased glucose uptake was negatively correlated with the acute-phase response but was not correlated with body-weight loss, serum albumin, or resting energy expenditure. Our results suggest that insulin resistance in cancer patients was not induced by malnutrition. Although the qualitative presence of tumor might be the major factor inducing insulin resistance, other factors such as inflammatory reactions might be involved in the development of insulin resistance.
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PMID:Insulin resistance in patients with cancer: relationships with tumor site, tumor stage, body-weight loss, acute-phase response, and energy expenditure. 1144 78

We examined the effects of rhHPO on the cell growth and DNA synthesis of both rat primarily cultured hepatocytes and hepatic carcinoma cell line in vitro by MTS and 3H-TdR in corporation methods. It was indicated that rhHPO is an important stimulating factor of regeneration, which may be developed as a potential drug for the treatment of severe hepatic diseases. We also found an inhibitory effect of rhHPO on the DNA synthesis of lung cancer cell lines GLC-82 in vitro, which might provide a valuable indicator for the study of its specificity and mechanisms.
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PMID:[Biological activity of recombinant human hepatopoietin]. 1149 1

Standardised uptake values (SUVs) are commonly used as a semi-quantitative index of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) tracer uptake in positron emission tomography (PET). Studies have shown that SUVs may depend on body size and blood glucose concentration and corrections for these effects have been proposed in the literature. This retrospective study investigated the effect of the proposed corrections on SUVs from a group of 154 patients with lung cancer who had scans on a dedicated PET scanner. A total of 252 SUVs were requested as an aid to staging during consideration for surgical resection. SUVs were calculated normalised to body weight (SUVw), lean body mass (SUV(LBM)) and body surface area (SUV(BSA)). The following correlations were examined: SUV with height, weight and body surface area for the different body size normalisations; SUVw and SUVw x blood glucose (SUV(BG)) with blood glucose; SUVw with scan time post injection; and SUVw with apparent lesion diameter. Significant correlations were only observed between: SUV(LBM) and height (P=0.007); SUVw and scan time (P=0.007); SUVw and lesion diameter (P=0.0005); and SUV(BG) and blood glucose (P<0.00001). The correlation between SUV(LBM) and height suggests that lean body mass as a function of height alone should not be used to normalise SUVs; however, the lean body mass calculated from a height and weight nomogram did not show this effect. The strong correlation between SUV(BG) and blood glucose concentration suggests that for non-diabetic fasted patients, lung tumour SUVs should not be adjusted for blood glucose.
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PMID:Effect of corrections for blood glucose and body size on [18F]FDG PET standardised uptake values in lung cancer. 1150 91

Cancer cells show increased glucose uptake and utilization in comparison with their normal counterparts. Glucose transporters play an important role in glucose uptake. We previously reported the differential gene expression of the GLUT family in primary and metastatic lesions of lung cancer. To investigate the role of Na( +) / glucose cotransporter (SGLT) genes in cancers, we examined the levels of expression of SGLT1 and SGLT2 genes in primary lung cancers and their metastatic lesions. Ninety-six autopsy samples (35 primary lung cancers, 35 corresponding normal lung tissues, 10 metastatic liver lesions, and 16 metastatic lymph nodes) from 35 patients were analyzed for SGLT1 and SGLT2 expression by reverse transcription (RT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). There were no significant differences in the level of expression of either gene between the primary lung cancers and normal lung tissues. The level of SGLT1 expression in the metastatic lesions and primary lung cancers did not differ significantly. The level of SGLT2 expression was, however, significantly higher in the metastatic lesions of both the liver and lymph node than in the primary lung cancers. These results suggest that SGLT2 plays a role in glucose uptake in the metastatic lesions of lung cancer.
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PMID:SGLT gene expression in primary lung cancers and their metastatic lesions. 1150 20

The clinical diagnosis of tumors is mainly performed using conventional radiography, CT, MRI, and ultrasonography, which provide anatomic and morphologic information. On the other hand, nuclear medicine imaging, which exploits the biochemical aspects of tissue, is considered to be useful for the characterization of tumors but is still clinically underutilized. Positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-deoxy-2-[18F] fluoro-D-glucose(FDG), an in-vivo imaging method that measures glucose metabolism, has been used to detect tumors with increased glucose metabolism. Over the past 20 years, numerous reports have demonstrated the usefulness of FDG-PET in diagnosing tumors, although FDG-PET has only been performed at a small number of institutions. Since FDG-PET has been shown to be superior to other morphologic imaging modalities in diagnosing tumors, FDG-PET has now become widespread at many institutions and has also been incorporated into the clinical pathways for disease management. FDG-PET is a safe and cost-effective method with several advantages over morphologic imaging and is already covered by many insurance companies in a variety of countries. This article discusses the current application of FDG-PET in oncology, especially regarding lung cancer, malignant lymphoma, and thyroid cancer. In addition, practical approaches for the clinical use of FDG-PET are discussed.
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PMID:[Clinical usefulness of FDG-PET in oncology]. 1152 17

Positron emission tomography (PET) can be used for the noninvasive biochemical analysis of lesions whose benign or malignant nature cannot be assessed by morphological methods alone. This information and the possibility of quantitation are the reasons for the successful application of PET in staging, diagnosis of tumor recurrence and therapy monitoring in different malignant tumors. Since malignant tumors show characteristic biochemical properties with an enhancement of glucose metabolism, 18fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has proven useful for oncologic studies. This paper deals with the influence of PET on the surgical and other therapeutic procedures in patients with cancer of the lung, thyroid, intestine, breast and soft tissue. PET is useful for the mediastinal staging of patients with lung cancer and the evaluation of persistent tissue or tumor recurrence after treatment of lung cancer and colorectal cancer. Furthermore, important information is obtained for the staging of colorectal cancer and mammary carcinoma. PET is also indicated in patients with colorectal cancer or mammary carcinoma and a rising tumor marker. An important future application is therapy monitoring. New treatment modalities will raise new problems in terms of functional diagnosis for the different imaging procedures. Therefore, future work has to concentrate on the establishment of diagnostic algorithms for the optimization of therapy.
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PMID:[The role of diagnostic PET in treatment planning before tumor surgery]. 1159 69

Cancer cells show increased metabolism of both glucose and amino acids, which can be monitored with 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose (FDG), a glucose analogue, and 11C-L-methionine (Met), respectively. FDG uptake is higher in fast-growing than in slow-growing tumors. FDG uptake is considered to be a good marker of the grade of malignancy. Several studies have indicated that the degree of FDG uptake in primary lung cancer can be used as a prognostic indicator. Differential diagnosis of lung tumors has been studied extensively with both computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET). It has been established that FDG-PET is clinically very useful and that its diagnostic accuracy is higher than that of CT. Detection of lymph node or distant metastases in known cancer patients using a whole-body imaging technique with FDG-PET has become a good indication for PET. FDG uptake may be seen in a variety of tissues due to physiological glucose consumption. Also FDG uptake is not specific for cancer. Various types of active inflammation showed FDG uptake to a certain high level. Understanding of the physiological and benign causes of FDG uptake is important for accurate interpretation of FDG-PET. In monitoring radio/chemotherapy, changes in FDG uptake correlate with the number of viable cancer cells, whereas Met is a marker of proliferation. Reduction of FDG uptake is a sensitive marker of viable tissue, preceding necrotic extension and volumetric shrinkage. FDG-PET is useful for the detection of recurrence and for monitoring the therapeutic response of tumor tissues in various cancers, including those of the lung, colon, and head and neck. Thus, PET, particularly with FDG, is effective in monitoring cancer cell viability, and is clinically very useful for the diagnosis and detection of recurrence of lung and other cancers.
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PMID:From tumor biology to clinical Pet: a review of positron emission tomography (PET) in oncology. 1183 94


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