Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cell lines resistant to five antitumor alkylating agents (CDDP, PAM, 4-HC, HN2, and BCNU) were developed from five parental human tumor lines representative of solid tumors with a range of sensitivities to antitumor alkylating agents. The parental cell lines were SCC-25 squamous carcinoma of the head and neck, MCF-7 breast carcinoma, SW2 small-cell lung cancer, SL6 non-small-cell lung carcinoma, and G3361 melanoma. Survival curves using colony formation as the endpoint were generated for each of the 25 cell lines to each of the five alkylating agents. Comparison of the drug concentrations that reduced the survival of the alkylating agent-resistant cell lines by 90% (IC90 values) with the IC90 values obtained for the corresponding parental cell lines was used as a measure of the resistance/sensitivity of the alkylating agent-resistant lines to each drug tested. Although cross-resistance among the alkylating agents was generally uncommon, several patterns of response emerged. Cross-resistance occurred in 27 of the 105 determinations and occurred most frequently in the cell lines in which resistance was developed to PAM (57%) or BCNU (38%). Cross-resistance to HN2 occurred most frequently. Collateral sensitivity was equally as common, occurring in 25 of the 105 determinations. Collateral sensitivity occurred most frequently in the cell lines made resistant to 4-HC. The 4-HC-resistant cell lines were most frequently collaterally sensitive to PAM and to BCNU. Cross-resistance developed most frequently in the MCF-7 breast carcinoma and SCC-25 squamous-cell carcinoma cell lines, whereas collateral sensitivity developed most frequently in the SW2 small-cell lung cancer line and the G3361 melanoma cell line and least frequently in the MCF-7 breast carcinoma cell line and the SL6 non-small-cell lung cancer cell line. The implication of these findings for the development of strategies for clinical treatment are discussed.
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PMID:Antitumor alkylating agents: in vitro cross-resistance and collateral sensitivity studies. 826 70

The expression of Bcl-2 protein in 29 small cell carcinomas (SCCs; 6 surgical and 15 biopsy specimens obtained from various organs, 7 metastatic lymph nodes, and 1 metastatic liver tissue) was investigated by immunohistochemical technique. Negative staining was observed in only two cases (7%). The majority of Bcl-2-positive tumors had > 95% positive cells, with a moderate staining intensity. A combined small-cell lung cancer showed discordant staining results between two different histology types. No correlations of Bcl-2 immunoreactivity with p53 expression and clinical staging were found. Our findings suggest that Bcl-2 expression may play a certain role in the early phases of SCC tumorigenesis, or that it may solely be a succeeding property directly derived from the tumor progenitor cells. As the Bcl-2 protein was present in most cases, it is not a useful prognostic or treatment marker for the cancer.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical detection of Bcl-2 protein in small cell carcinomas. 857 Jan 34

CEA, SCC and CYFRA 21-1 were measured in samples of serum coming from 105 'Non small cell lung cancer' (NSCLC) patients. The present study has been carried out to compare these markers, to analyse their prognostic significance and to determine the best combination of tumor markers. The median value and interquartile range were: CYFRA 21-1: 2,3 ng/ml, CEA: 3,7 ng/ml, SCC: 1,2 ng/ml. CEA demonstrated higher values in adenocarcinomas (P = 0.04). SCC and CYFRA 21-1 were comparable in the different histologic groups. CYFRA 21-1 and CEA values were dependant on tumor stage. Advanced tumors (T3 and T4) demonstrated higher serum CYFRA 21-1 level (P = 0.0006). CYFRA 21-1 was higher than 3,3 ng/ml in 36% of patients. CEA was higher than 5 ng/ml in 38% of patients and SCC was higher than 2 ng/ml in 27% of patients. Patients with a high CEA and CYFRA21-1 serum level had a shorter survival than those with a normal serum level. In a Cox regression analysis four variables (TNM stage, age, CYFRA 21-1 and CEA level) were found to be significant in the prediction of survival; CYFRA 21-1 level had the lowest P value (P = 0.0002). The current study suggests the use of a combination of CEA and CYFRA 21-1 in the clinical care of NSCLC.
Lung Cancer 1995 Oct
PMID:CEA, CYFRA21-1 and SCC in non-small cell lung cancer. 858 97

The aim of the study was to assess a value of NSE and SCC Ag level determination in bronchial lavage fluid in patients with lung cancer. It was found out that NSE levels in bronchial lavage fluid were much lower than in serum and did not differentiate patients with small cell lung cancer from patients with non small cell lung cancer and nonmalignant lung diseases. Bronchial lavage SCC Ag levels were significantly higher than serum SCC Ag levels. Although determination of SCC Ag levels in bronchial lavage was also not helpful in differential diagnosis.
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PMID:[Value of neuron specific enolase levels and squamous cell carcinoma antigen in bronchial lavage fluid in patients with lung cancer]. 863 Apr 59

In the clinical practice of lung cancer, serum tumor markers are important laboratory tests and their use is wide spread. Among the various markers for lung cancer, the usefulness of CEA, SLX, SCC and NSE has been firmly established. These markers cannot be used routinely to screen for lung cancer but may be used as complementary tools for diagnosing the tumor. Elevated levels of these markers also appear to be useful for monitoring the response to therapy and tumor progression. CYFRA21-1 and ProGRP, new tumor markers with relatively high sensitivity and specificity to lung cancer, were recently developed. These tumor markers may be useful tools for early detection of lung cancer.
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PMID:[Usefulness and limitation of serum tumor markers in diagnosis of lung cancer]. 869 17

To evaluate the usefulness of CYFRA 21-1 and SCC Ag in the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (SQC) of the lung, we tested sera from 124 patients with lung cancers (squamous cell ca 72, adenoca 22, large cell ca 4, small cell ca 18 and undetermined 8) and 78 patients with inflammatory lung diseases (bronchitis 24, bronchiectasis 29, tuberculosis 19 and others 6) using immunoradiometric assay kit for cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA 21-1) and radioimmunoassay kit for SCC Ag. The serum CYFRA 21-1 and SCC Ag were significantly higher in lung cancer patients compared with control subjects. However, the significant difference was restricted only to SQC. In patients with SQC, CYFRA 21-1 and SCC Ag showed significantly higher levels according to the advanced anatomic stages (stage I-IIIa vs. stage IIIb, IV, p < 0.05). There was a good correlation between CYFRA 21-1 and SCC Ag (r = 0.41, p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated from results of both tumor markers and areas under the curves (AUC) were calculated. AUC of CYFRA 21-1 (0.93) were significantly larger than that of SCC Ag (0.77) for the diagnosis of SQC (p < 0.05). Therefore, we conclude that CYFRA 21-1 is superior to SCC Ag in the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.
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PMID:A comparison of serum CYFRA 21-1 and SCC Ag in the diagnosis of squamous cell lung carcinoma. 888 76

Ratios of urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine to urinary creatinine (8-OHdG/creatinine) have been considered as a good biological indicator of DNA oxidation. Urinary 8-OHdG/creatinine levels of lung cancer patients were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a monoclonal antibody N45.1 during radiotherapy and chemotherapy. An increase in urinary 8-OHdG/creatinine was found in non-small-cell carcinoma (non-SCC) patients during the course of radiotherapy. SCC patients showed higher levels of urinary 8-OHdG/creatinine than the controls. Furthermore, SCC patients with complete or partial response to the chemotherapy showed a significant decrease in urinary 8-OHdG/creatinine while patients with no change or progressive disease showed an increase.
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PMID:Biomarker evidence of DNA oxidation in lung cancer patients: association of urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine excretion with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and response to treatment. 920 63

Cyfra 21-1, measuring serum fragments of cytokeratin 19, has been found to be related to tumor stage and tumour size in patients with cervical cancer and suggested to be a promising marker in squamous lung cancer. We compared the value of this new marker with tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) in monitoring 30 patients with squamous cell cervical cancer. Serum levels of each marker were studied in relation to tumour stage and clinical status of patient. The clinical performance of the various assays to separate those patients with complete remission from those patients with the presence of tumour (i.e., partial remission, stable disease, or progressive disease) was assessed by their receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. We found that tumour stage was a prognostic factor for survival (p = 0.02). Pretreatment serum Cyfra 21-1, TPA, and SCC-Ag levels were not related to stage of disease and were not found to be predictive of survival. In contrast, an elevated post-treatment serum SCC-Ag level was associated with a poor survival rate (p = 0.03). Such a relation was not found for Cyfra 21-1 or TPA. The clinical performance of post-treatment serum SCC-Ag levels in predicting the presence of tumour was better than the Cyfra 21-1 or TPA assays. This is shown by the left uppermost position of the ROC curve for SCC-Ag. We concluded that SCC-Ag appeared to be a better parameter than Cyfra 21-1 and TPA in predicting the presence of tumour during follow-up and survival of patients with cervical cancer.
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PMID:Cyfra 21-1 in monitoring cervical cancer: a comparison with tissue polypeptide antigen and squamous cell carcinoma antigen. 924 46

It has been demonstrated that CYFRA 21-1 (ELISA kit), which recognizes the soluble cytokeratin 19 fragment, is useful for assessing circulating tumor antigens in sera of patients with lung cancer. In this study, we compared the clinical significance of this new marker with the established squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC Ag), using sera from patients with head and neck malignant disease, healthy controls, and supernatants of established cell lines derived from squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. The subjects were: Group A, 39 patients with malignant disease of the head and neck. Group B, 11 patients considered to be tumor-free after treatment. Group C, 67 patients with benign disease or healthy volunteers. Culture supernatants: 11 cell lines established from squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. Serum levels of CYFRA 21-1 and SCC Ag of group A were significantly higher than those of group C. This finding suggests that CYFRA 21-1 is useful as a tumor marker as well as SCC Ag. CYFRA 21-1 and SCC Ag levels of patients in group A at the early and progressive stages of disease were comparable to the levels in group C. Both tumor markers are therefore useful for diagnosis of in the early stage of cancer. We attempted to set a cut-off level of CYFRA 21-1. The sensitivity of CYFRA 21-1 is higher than that of SCC Ag, especially in patients in the early stage of the disease. This finding indicates that the CYFRA 21-1 is preferable to SCC Ag as a tumor marker for the diagnosis of patients even in the early stages of malignant disease. The levels of CYFRA 21-1 in culture supernatants derived from tumor cell lines are higher than those of SCC Ag in all cell lines. The levels of CYFRA 21-1 are measurable, with levels varying with the cell line. There appears to be no correlation between the level of CYFRA 21-1 and the character of the cell lines, but this issue remains to be further investigated.
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PMID:[Investigation of the usefulness of CYFRA 21-1 as a tumor marker in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck]. 927 1

CEA, NSE and SCC Ag levels were measured in bronchial lavage (BL) and serum in patients with endobronchial lung cancer (LC) and in patients with nonmalignant lung diseases (NMLD). In both groups of patients 100 ml of normal saline solution was used during the lavage procedure. Tumor markers were detected using radioimmunoassay. CEA levels in BL and in serum were measured in 84 patients with LC and in 94 patients with NMLD. BL CEA levels were significantly increased in patients with LC (97.4 +/- 56.4 ng/ml) in comparison to patients with NMLD (4.2 +/- 6.3 ng/ml). Patients with LC had CEA levels in lavage fluid about 30 times higher than in serum. Significantly increased BL CEA levels in patients with LC were found in the cases with more advanced bronchoscopic tumor and in those with positive bronchial secretion cytology than in other groups of patients with LC. NSE levels were measured in BL and in serum in 21 patients with small cell lung cancer, SCC Ag levels were measured in BL and in serum in 21 patients with squamous cell carcinoma. The control group consisted of 28 patients with NMLD and 8 patients with adenocarcinoma. Determination of CEA levels in BL can be useful additional diagnostic method in patients with LC. The measurement of NSE and SCC Ag levels in BL in LC patients was considered to be not useful because of the low diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.
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PMID:CEA, NSE and SCC Ag in bronchial lavage in patients with lung cancer. 933 36


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