Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cytochrome c from various sources, such as Candida krusei, yeast, horse, and cattle, was found to be recognized by human monoclonal antibody HB4C5 specific to lung cancer. Therefore, the cytochrome c was applied to the measurement of antibody amount in patient sera with a similar reactivity to the antibody HB4C5 for serodiagnosis of cancer. The cytochrome c from Candida krusei was most valuable for the serodiagnosis of various cancers, and the yeast cytochrome c was also useful. However, horse and bovine cytochrome c did not react with antibody of the cancer patients. By using Candida cytochrome c lung, bile duct, esophagus, and liver cancers were detected at high rates of more than 50%. In the case of lung cancer, the detection rates of small-cell, squamous, large-cell and adenocarcinoma were 78%, 63%, 100%, and 34%, respectively. The rate for small-cell carcinoma was higher than that with the currently used NSE assay system, and the rate for squamous carcinoma was comparable to that with the SCC assay system, although the system using cytochrome c did not show similar reactivity to that with the SCC system. Furthermore, lung cancer was detected at early stages by using cytochrome c, and even in the case of adenocarcinoma, the rate at early stages with the cytochrome c system was higher than that with the CEA assay system. On the other hand, false positive rates of benign diseases and normal were low--8% and 2%, respectively.
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PMID:Serodiagnosis of cancer by using Candida cytochrome c recognized by human monoclonal antibody HB4C5. 165 88

Serum SLX, CEA, SCC and NSE levels were serially measured in 266 patients with lung cancer and compared with those in 345 patients with benign respiratory disorders (BRD). The positive rate for CEA in lung cancer (44.4%) and the false-positive rate in BRD (15.3%) were the highest among the 4 markers. The positive rate for SLX in lung cancer (32.0%) was lower than that of CEA, while the false-positive rate for SLX in BRD (7.2%) was lower than that of CEA. The positive rate for SLX was highest in adenocarcinoma and correlated better with the clinical stages than did CEA. SCC and NSE were specifically elevated in squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma, respectively. Using these 4 markers, only 70.2% of patients were correctly diagnosed as having lung cancer or BRD. In monitoring treatment effect, only SLX showed a statistically significant correlation with regression and progression in adenocarcinoma, while NSE and SLX showed such a correlation in small cell carcinoma. Serum tumor markers seem to be less sensitive for the diagnosis of lung cancer than chest X-ray and sputum cytology, indicating that a search for more specific markers is still required. However, in monitoring treatment effect, SLX appeared to be suitable for adenocarcinoma, while NSE and SLX seemed to be useful in small cell carcinoma.
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PMID:[A statistical analysis of serum sialyl Lewis X-1 (SLX), CEA, SCC and NSE levels in patients with lung cancer]. 168 95

In a preliminary study for the development of an automated lung cancer cytology screening system utilizing both flow and image processing techniques, potential markers for the flow cytometric screening for carcinoma cells in sputum were analyzed. Immunostains were applied by the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method, using antibodies to keratin (55-57 KD), TA-4 and SCC (antigens of squamous cell carcinoma of the human uterine cervix), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), to carcinoma cells from 123 cases with lung cancer (35 with squamous cell carcinomas, 64 adenocarcinomas, 13 large cell carcinomas, 5 small cell carcinomas and 6 other histologic types) and to sputum cells from 113 cytologically negative cases (as controls). The positive rates were 60.1% for keratin, 34.8% for TA-4, 28.2% for SCC, 1.4% for NSE, 0.1% for GRP and 7.9% for CEA for carcinoma cells (P less than .05 for all) and 7.4% for keratin and 1.0% for SCC for sputum cells (P less than .05 for both). It was concluded that keratin is the most effective marker, not only for squamous cell carcinoma, but also for adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma. Since most small cell carcinoma cells in sputum have little or no cytoplasm, it is necessary to use an intranuclear marker to detect this histologic type.
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PMID:Comparison of cytologic markers for automated lung cancer screening. 170 34

To characterize basic fetoprotein (BFP) as a new tumor marker, we measured serum levels of BFP and 5 other tumor markers (CA19-9, CEA, NSE, SCC, and TPA) concomitantly in 65 patients with lung cancer, 57 patients with benign pulmonary disease, and 40 healthy volunteers. The sensitivity of BFP was 43%, the specificity 82% and the accuracy 61%. The positivity increased in relation to stage of the disease. There was no correlation between positivity of BFP and histologic type. On the whole, BFP appeared to be analogous to TPA in terms of broad spectrum and to have an auxiliary value in diagnosing lung cancer.
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PMID:Preliminary study on auxiliary value of serum basic fetoprotein in diagnosing lung cancer. 174 51

Five tumor markers (CA19-9, CEA, NSE, SCC, TPA) were measured concomitantly in the serum of 128 patients with primary lung cancer (LC), 148 patients with benign disease (B) and 43 normal volunteers. The positive rates for all the tumor markers were significantly higher in the LC group than in the B group. When multiple tumor markers were quantitated, the specificity for the detection of lung cancer became lower although the sensitivity increased. However, this negative point was made up for to some extent by evaluating the number of positive markers. In monitoring the clinical course, independent changes were observed in markers in some cancer patients. These results implied that measuring multiple tumor markers was of clinical value in monitoring the clinical course of cancer patients as well as in assisting the diagnosis of lung cancer.
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PMID:Clinical evaluation of five tumor marker assay in patients with lung cancer. 201 88

Recently, the measurement of tumor markers, particularly for combined measurement, have been reported to be useful for the early diagnosis of cancer. In this study, the authors measured the serum levels of SLX, CA19-9, CA153, CA125, NCC-ST-439, CEA, SCC, NSE, TPA and IAP in 155 patients with primary lung cancer before treatment (76 adenocarcinomas, 40 squamous cell carcinomas, 36 small cell cancers, 3 large cell cancers). Seventy three benign lung disease cases were also studied as controls. The serum levels of CA19-9, CA153, CA125, NCC-ST-439, CEA, NSE and TPA were significantly higher in lung cancer patients than in benign lung disease patients. CA125 and CEA levels in adenocarcinoma, SCC levels in squamous cell carcinoma, NSE levels in small cell cancer and NCC-ST-439 in non-small cell cancer were significantly higher than those of other histological types of cancer. The level of each marker became higher, and was related with advance in stage. The probability of lung cancer was 90% when three markers were positive except for IAP, which was frequently false positive in benign lung disease. In conclusion, the simultaneous, combined measurement of at least three markers, including CEA and/or TPA was considered to be useful for the diagnosis of lung cancer.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of combination assay of tumor markers in primary lung cancer patients]. 217 1

Soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) levels in cigarette smokers and in patients with lung cancer were measured using an enzyme immunoassay. The rationale for our study was based on the fact that activation of T-cells is dependent upon the T-cell growth factor, interleukin-2, which may be regulated by its receptor, IL-2R. Measurements of circulating sIL-2R might be useful in the immune assessment of certain conditions. This study assessed elevated concentrations of circulating sIL-2R in smokers and in patients with lung cancer. The data show that healthy smokers, as a group, have an elevated level of sIL-2R compared with that in nonsmokers. Significantly higher than normal levels were found among light, moderate, and heavy smokers. Patients with lung cancer (squamous cell carcinoma [SSC] or adenocarcinoma [AC]) also have abnormally high sIL-2R levels. In the SCC group, the highest level of sIL-2R was among asymptomatic patients with well-differentiated tumors. Similarly, patients with SCC whose tumors were less than 3 cm in diameter had a significantly higher mean level of sIL-2R than did patients whose tumors exceeded 3 cm. The sIL-2R level in the SCC group also correlated with the tumor stage, with the highest level found among Stage I patients. In patients with SCC, but not in those with AC, the sIL-2R level was indicative of the extent of malignancy. These data support the concept that sIL-2R may be important in the pathogenesis of immune alterations associated with smoking and lung cancer.
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PMID:Elevated concentration of soluble interleukin-2 receptors in serum of smokers and patients with lung cancer. Correlation with clinical activity. 220 Mar 17

The immunohistochemical distribution and concentrations of tumor-antigen 4 (TA-4) in tissues and serum were determined in patients with benign and malignant diseases, including 27 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC; 15 in the lung and 12 in the esophagus). Tumor-antigen 4 immunoreactivity was present in the cytoplasm of many SCC tissues, especially in the hyperparakeratotic region, and in the cytoplasm of differentiated squamous cells of the intermediate layer of normal epithelia of various organs, but not in those of other types of lung cancers or benign pulmonary diseases. Consistent with the results of immunostaining, the TA-4 concentrations in SCC tissues of the lung, esophagus, and normal squamous epithelia were much higher than in those of lung cancer other than SCC, benign pulmonary diseases, normal lung, and submandibular gland tissues. The TA-4 concentration in SCC tissue tended to increase with increasing grades of differentiation. Serum TA-4 was elevated in 15 of 27 patients with SCC but in no patients with other types of lung cancer or benign diseases. These results indicate that TA-4 is an antigen related to the differentiation of squamous cells and that tumor cells of SCC can release a large amount of TA-4 into circulation whereas normal squamous epithelia cannot.
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PMID:Tumor-antigen 4. Its immunohistochemical distribution and tissue and serum concentrations in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung and esophagus. 220 1

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is the only tumor marker of proven, although limited, value for the management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The authors have prospectively assessed the potential value of a new tumor marker, squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC Ag), in a large series of patients with advanced lung cancer (LC). Squamous cell carcinoma antigen and CEA levels were measured in 382 healthy persons (N1 group), 90 patients with benign pulmonary diseases, and 291 patients with LC (129 with SCLC and 162 with NSCLC, including 96 with squamous LC). Carcinoembryonic antigen levels were higher in smokers than in nonsmokers, but smoking habits did not influence the serum concentrations of SCC Ag. Elevated values (above the 95th percentiles of N1, i.e., 7.5 ng/ml for CEA and 3.0 ng/ml for SCC Ag) were observed in 11.1% of patients with benign pulmonary diseases for both markers. Carcinoembryonic antigen was more sensitive than SCC Ag, even for squamous LC (56% versus 35% of elevated values, P less than 0.01). The specificity toward squamous LC was better, however, for SCC Ag, for which levels were elevated in only 8.5% of SCLC and in 18% of other forms of NSCLC, compared with 49% and 55%, respectively, for CEA. Moreover, measurement of SCC Ag and CEA levels did not give redundant information: thus, in squamous LC and SCC Ag level was elevated in 32% of the patients with a normal CEA level, increasing from 57% to 71% the proportion of patients with at least one elevated marker. Lastly, elevation of CEA or SCC Ag levels was an adverse prognostic factor in squamous LC (P = 0.05 for CEA; P = 0.07 for SCC Ag). In conclusion, SCC Ag appears to be worthwhile of further investigation in squamous LC. The authors found that this new marker provided additional information on CEA and that it was more specific for squamous LC than CEA.
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PMID:Evaluation of squamous cell carcinoma antigen as a new marker for lung cancer. 231 Oct 66

Comparison of basic fetoprotein (BFP) with 10 other tumor markers was made with sera from 549 patients with benign diseases and 870 patients with cancers, using BFP-EIA kit and commercial kits for others. BFP-positive rates higher than CEA or CA19-9 were found in various cancers except CEA in cancer of the colon, pancreas and lung, or CA19-9 in cancer of pancreas and bile duct. Furthermore, BFP showed higher positive rates in comparison with AFP in cancer of liver and testis, SLX(sialyl SSEA-1) or SCC in lung cancer and CA125 in uterine cancer. The correlation coefficient of BFP with other tumor markers except for SCC in lung cancer were low (below 0.262) in cancer and benign diseases. The combined assay of BFP with some other makers such as CEA in cancer of the digestive organ, lung, markers ovary and uterus, CA19-9 in cancer of the bile duct and lung, CA125 in ovarian cancer, AFP in cancer of the liver and testis, and PAP in prostatic cancer, showed an elevation of diagnostic efficiency compared with single assay. These results indicate that BFP is superior to other tumor markers for serological diagnosis of various cancer and also available for the combined assays.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation on an enzyme immunoassay kit for basic fetoprotein (BFP). (2) Comparison and combination of BFP with other tumor markers]. 245 40


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