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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cisplatin is a key drug in chemotherapy for lung cancer. It has been reported that intracellular accumulation of cisplatin is an important step as a determinant for resistance to cisplatin, which may be modulated by Na+, K+-ATPase activity. And it has been reported that isoproterenol, a beta-adrenoceptor agonist, enhances sensitivity to cisplatin in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. In this study, the effects of the selective beta1, beta2, and beta3-adrenoceptor agonists on membrane Na+, K+-ATPase activity and sensitivity to cisplatin were evaluated using human non-small cell lung cancer cell line. In the NSCLC cell line, sensitivity to cisplatin was improved by treatment with procaterol, a selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist. Na+, K+-ATPase was activated and intracellular accumulation of cisplatin increased with the treatment. However, beta1 or beta3-adrenoceptor agonist did not modulate sensitivity to cisplatin or Na+, K+-ATPase activity. These results suggest that beta2-adrenoceptor may be one of the determinants for sensitivity to cisplatin in NSCLC. Exogenous beta2-adrenoceptor agonists may improve the antitumor effect of chemotherapy involving cisplatin.
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PMID:Selective beta2-adrenoceptor agonist enhances sensitivity to cisplatin in non-small cell lung cancer cell line. 1060 90

The prognosis of patients with multilevel mediastinal lymph node metastasis remains poor notwithstanding the progress in multimodal therapy in non-small cell lung cancer. We conducted a feasible study of intermittent adjuvant chemo-immunotherapy after surgery for patients with multilevel mediastinal lymph node metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer. Eleven patients with pathologically N2 or N3 lung cancer (10, adenocarcinomas; 1, squamous cell carcinoma) were enrolled. Five completely resected cases received systemic chemo-immunotherapy and six incompletely resected cases received local chemo-immunotherapy by an indwelling catheter in the thoracic cavity. Cisplatin-based and dose-dependent anti-cancer drugs were selected on the basis of sensitivity tests. Either adoptive immunotherapy with interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cell or combination of interferon gamma# and OK432 were administered after chemotherapy. This adjuvant therapy was performed every 2-3 months after surgery for 2 years. The 2-year survival rate for all cases were 72.7% and the 2-year disease-free survival were 36.4%. The 2-year survival rate for five completely resected cases and six incompletely resected cases was 80% and 66.7%, respectively. Combined intermittent chemo-immunotherapy after surgical resection of tumors may be a promising modality to improve the survival of patients with multilevel mediastinal lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer.
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PMID:Intermittent adjuvant chemo-immunotherapy after resection of non-small cell lung cancer with multilevel mediastinal lymph node metastasis. 1076 66

Risks of secondary lung cancer in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer are estimated to be 1-2% and 2-10% per patient per year, respectively. Cisplatin is widely used in the treatment of lung cancer and is also known as a carcinogen in experimental animals. In this study, the effect of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on cisplatin-induced lung tumors in A/J mice was investigated. Female A/J mice (4 weeks old) were divided into four groups: group 1, control without treatment; group 2, EGCG treatment (1 mg/ml in tap water); group 3, weekly cisplatin treatment (1.62 mg/kg body wt, i.p.) for 10 weeks; group 4, cisplatin plus EGCG treatment (EGCG was started 2 weeks before cisplatin treatment). Four groups of mice were killed at week 30 after treatment. Tumor incidence was 26.3% (5/19) in group 1, 30% (6/20) in group 2, 100% (19/19) in group 3 and 94.4% (17/18) in group 4. Tumor multiplicity (the number of tumors per mouse, mean +/- SD) was 0.4 +/- 0.8 in group 1, 0.4 +/- 0.8 in group 2, 5.1 +/- 2.1 in group 3 and 2.8 +/- 2.3 in group 4. Tumor multiplicity was significantly reduced by adding EGCG to cisplatin-treated mice (P < 0.01). Furthermore, EGCG significantly reduced cisplatin-induced weight loss from 24.7-26.3% (cisplatin treatment) to 10.8-11.6% (cisplatin plus EGCG treatment) (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that EGCG can inhibit cisplatin-induced weight loss and lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice.
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PMID:(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate can prevent cisplatin-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice. 1078 12

Cisplatin has been usually used as the chemotherapy for lung cancer presurgically, though it is still difficult to predict downstaging of tumor from this drug. Four patients who underwent surgery achieved pathologic complete remissions in response to preoperative cisplatin-based chemotherapy with or without radiation. All of the Ga-67 citrate images in the four patients showed markedly increased uptake in tumors. According to the literatures, both Ga-67 and cisplatin binds to transferrin in the blood and transfers into the cells through transferrin-receptors expressed on the cell surface. The mechanism for Ga-67 and cisplatin uptake into tumor cells were alike. Marked tumor uptake on Ga-67 scintigraphy suggested that cisplatin-based chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy was efficacious.
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PMID:[The relationship between the tumor uptake of gallium-67 and the effect of cisplatin-based preoperative chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy for lung cancer]. 1080 85

Irinotecan(CPT-11), Taxol, Taxotere, vinorelbine and gemcitabine have shown a significant activity in previously untreated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cisplatin(CDDP) combined with vinorelbine, gemcitabine or tirapazamine was significantly superior in survival to CDDP alone in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Patients with NSCLC treated with combination of CDDP and Taxol or vinorelbine lived longer than those treated with conventional CDDP-based chemotherapy. CPT-11, topotecan, taxol and amrubicin have demonstrated to be active against small cell lung cancer(SCLC). Combination of CPT-11 and CDDP have had a higher response rate, and better median survival(13 months) in patients with extensive disease SCLC. Clinical trials of target-based drugs including matrix metalloprotenase inhibitors, anti-angiogenesis, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, farnesyl transferase inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies have been initiated in solid tumors including lung cancer. Development of new anti-cancer agents is essential to improve outcomes of patients with lung cancer.
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PMID:[Current perspectives of new agents in lung cancer]. 1082 57

Chemotherapy is the backbone of small-cell lung cancer therapy. However, optimal drug combinations and schedules remain to be defined and there is hitherto no world-wide accepted standard regimen. Cisplatin, an alkylating agent with high putative toxicity is currently widely used although its effectiveness in this disease has not been established firmly. We conducted a meta-analysis of published data reporting trials randomizing a cisplatin-containing regimen versus a regimen without this alkylating agent in order to determine possible differences in survival response and toxicity. Nineteen trials have been identified in medical literature (4054 evaluable patients). Ten trials randomized patients to receive a cisplatin-etoposide regimen versus a regimen without any of these two drugs. A subgroup analysis was, therefore, carried out in the nine remaining trials that randomly allocated patients between two regimens differing in the absence or presence of cisplatin, whereas etoposide was given (or not given) in both arms (1579 evaluable patients). The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to estimate the size effects and the Peto and Yusuf method was used in order to generate the odds ratios (OR) of reduction in risk of death and the increase in probability of being responders to chemotherapy. There was no significant difference between the cisplatin-containing regimen and the regimen without this drug when the risk of toxic-death was taken into account with respective probabilities of 3.1 and 2.7% (NS). Patients randomized in a cisplatin-containing regimen had an increase in probability of being responders with an OR of 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.18-1.55; P < 10(-5) corresponding to an increase of objective (partial plus complete) response rate from 0.62 to 0.69 (a result taking into account a significant heterogeneity). Patients treated with a cisplatin-containing regimen benefited from a significant reduction of risk of death at 6 months and 1 year with respective OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.75-0.98, P = 0.03, and or 0.80, 95% CI 0.69-0.93, P = 0.002 (no statistical heterogeneity). This corresponded to a significant increase in the probability of survival of 2.6% and 4.4% at 6 months and 1 year respectively. The meta-analysis restricted to the subset of nine trials without etoposide treatment imbalance reached similar conclusions. A cisplatin-containing regimen yields a higher response rate and probability of survival than does a chemotherapy containing others alkylating agents without a perceptible increase in risk of toxic-death.
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PMID:Is there a case for cisplatin in the treatment of small-cell lung cancer? A meta-analysis of randomized trials of a cisplatin-containing regimen versus a regimen without this alkylating agent. 1088 61

Chemoradiation is becoming an important method of treatment of advanced lung cancer. Although many studies have demonstrated the efficacy of chemoradiation against lung tumors, the mechanism of its effect is still poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the combined effect of cisplatin (CDDP) and irradiation on human lung cancer cell lines (PC-9 and Lu 134A) in vitro using MTT assay and isobologram analysis. To study whether the combined effect is due to induction of tumor cell apoptosis, we further quantified the nuclear fragmentation of tumor cells by flow cytometric analysis. Our study revealed that a combination of cisplatin and irradiation had an additive inhibitory effect on both PC-9 (adenocarcinoma) and Lu 134A (small cell carcinoma) tumor cell growth. Cisplatin improved the sensitivity of tumor cells to irradiation. The use of both cisplatin and irradiation doses could be reduced without decreasing the inhibitory effect. The additive inhibitory effect was correlated positively with the levels of tumor cell nuclear fragmentation. We concluded that combination treatment with cisplatin and irradiation is effective against lung tumors, not only small cell carcinoma but also non-small cell carcinoma, and the inhibitory effect was due to induction of tumor cell apoptosis.
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PMID:The inhibitory effect of cisplatin in combination with irradiation on lung tumor cell growth is due to induction of tumor cell apoptosis. 1089 52

In the last years there has been a growing awareness in the oncological community about the size of the problem of cancer in the elderly. More than 30% of lung cancers arise in patients aged 70 years or more. Elderly patients tolerate chemotherapy poorly and are not considered eligible for aggressive cisplatin based chemotherapy in clinical practice. A few papers have been published on chemotherapy of elderly NSCLC patients. Cisplatin based chemotherapy seems to be tolerated poorly. Vinorelbine as a single agent showed active and good tolerance. A phase III randomized trial, named ELVIS (Elderly Lung Cancer Vinorelbine Italian Study), showed a survival and quality of life benefit of vinorelbine versus supportive care. Among the new drugs gemcitabine can be considered more promising. Future trials should attempt to improve the results of vinorelbine chemotherapy and include geriatric and quality of life evaluations.
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PMID:Chemotherapy of advanced non small cell lung cancer in the elderly: an update. 1096 Aug 2

Gemcitabine (Gemzar) was originally approved for use in combination with cisplatin (Platinol) for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Research began to focus on combining gemcitabine with newer drugs, such as carboplatin (Paraplatin), vinorelbine (Navelbine), the taxanes, and the camptothecins, when it became clear that these agents had potentially increased efficacy and fewer side effects than the standard treatment. This article will briefly review the original experience with the gemcitabine/cisplatin doublet and then examine the experience to date with non-cisplatin-based gemcitabine doublet combinations in the treatment of advanced NSCLC.
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PMID:Advances in treatment of inoperable NSCLC: gemcitabine doublets--a promising alternative. 1096 Sep 39

Because the majority of patients with stage IIIA N2 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ultimately die of distant metastases, recent efforts to improve their intermediate- and long-term survival have focused on neoadjuvant chemotherapy (with or without radiotherapy) as an induction regimen followed by surgical resection. Over the last 15 years, more than 25 phase II trials and two small randomized phase III trials were terminated early because interim analyses confirmed the feasibility of the neoadjuvant approach and suggested a twofold increase in overall survival time compared to surgery alone. The gemcitabine (Gemzar)/cisplatin (Platinol) regimen proved effective in unresectable locally advanced and metastatic NSCLC. Consequently, it is logical to investigate the activity of this combination in locally advanced NSCLC. Preliminary results of five phase II trials have reported an average response rate > 60% in a mixed study population (IIIA and IIIB). Treatment is well tolerated. In studies using the 4-week schedule, the gemcitabine dose was frequently omitted on day 15, mainly due to thrombocytopenia. In January 2000, a randomized clinical trial (Chemotherapy for Early Stages Trial [ChEST]) was initiated in Italy to compare the efficacy of surgery alone vs surgery plus preoperative gemcitabine/cisplatin in early-stage disease (T2-3 N0, T1-2 N1, T3 N1) with the primary end point being progression-free survival.
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PMID:Gemcitabine/cisplatin as induction therapy for stage IIIA N2 non-small-cell lung cancer. 1096 Sep 40


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