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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-two patients with Stage III and IV advanced lung cancer received bronchial arterial infusion of Cyclophosphamide or Mitomycin in combination with Adriamycin and Cisplatin (CAP or MAP). Twenty-six patients were given radiotherapy too. Histologically, 16 had squamous cell carcinoma, 11 adenocarcinoma, 3 small cell anaplastic carcinoma and 1 un-classified cancer. Eleven were diagnosed by bronchial arterial radiography. The short-term results showed that complete response rate (CR) was 53.8% and partial response rate (PR) 38.5% in patients treated with combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy whereas in those treated with infusion chemotherapy, CR and PR were 0% and 81.3% respectively.
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PMID:[Bronchial arterial infusion chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy for advanced lung cancer]. 224 98

We examined the chemosensitivity of 57 primary lung cancer specimens to 9 antitumor drugs, using the succinate dehydrogenase inhibition (SDI) test. Average succinate dehydrogenase (SD) activity was reduced to less than 50% by cis-diaminedichloroplatinum (II) (DDP), cyclophosphamide (CPA), carboquone (CQ), mitomycin C (MMC) and adriamycin (ADM). The lung cancer cells were relatively resistant to pepleomycin (PEP), 5-fluorouracil (5 FU), vincristine (VCR) and vindesine (VDS). Small cell lung cancers, or early stage lung cancers, tended to be more sensitive to these antitumor drugs. However, differences in sensitivity with respect to either histology, staging or degree of differentiation were not statistically significant. Correlation of SD activity between 2 drugs was high among those which inhibit DNA synthesis (DDP, CPA, CQ or MMC), or between VCR and VDS (inhibitor of mitosis), however, the correlation between VDS and CPA, CQ or DDP was weak. The SDI test is a simple in vitro method readily available to aid in selecting drugs to treat patients with lung cancer.
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PMID:Chemosensitivity testing of human lung cancer tissues using the succinate dehydrogenase inhibition test. 238 98

We compared cisplatin (cis-DDP) and two of its analogues, carboplatin (JM8, CBDCA) and iproplatin (JM9, CHIP) for their ability to retard the growth of multicellular tumour spheroids. The spheroids were derived from two human tumours, a neuroblastoma and a non-small-cell lung cancer. To produce a given level of regrowth delay in lung cancer spheroids, carboplatin and iproplatin were required at concentrations approximately 10 times that of cis-DDP. In the neuroblastoma spheroid experiments, iproplatin and cis-DDP produced the same level of regrowth delay when iproplatin was present at a concentration greater than 10 times that of cis-DDP. Carboplatin also required much higher concentrations than cis-DDP to produce equivalent regrowth delay in neuroblastoma. The dose-response curve produced by carboplatin on neuroblastoma spheroids displayed a pronounced shoulder in the low-dose region; this phenomenon was not seen with cis-DDP. These findings may have implications for the clinical use of these drugs and in particular would support a role for carboplatin in the treatment of lung cancer, since total free-drug exposure of patients to carboplatin may be up to 16-fold greater than with cis-DDP. However, one must be cautious about generalizing on the basis of results from only two cell lines as well as applying in vitro data to clinical situations.
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PMID:The relative effectiveness of analogues of cisplatin in the experimental chemotherapy of human non-small-cell lung cancer and neuroblastoma grown as multicellular spheroids. 253 68

Cisplatin has been employed in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) since the late 1970s. Current evidence suggests that it may be the most effective single drug for the treatment of NSCLC patients. The overall response rate as a single agent is 21%, though responses are higher in previously untreated patients given high doses. Cisplatin combinations are the most effective therapy for advanced NSCLC. Two-drug combinations with a vinca alkaloid or etoposide consistently provide the best overall survival with acceptable toxicity. These two-drug combinations improve survival by 7 to 17 weeks compared with no chemotherapy. Cisplatin-based combinations improved survival by a greater degree in locally advanced patients (Stages IIIA and IIIB) when given with chest radiotherapy. There is evidence that cisplatin-based combinations also prolong survival when given after surgery for resected stage II and IIIA patients. In summary, cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimens are the preferred systemic therapy for NSCLC patients and prolong survival to a small degree.
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PMID:The expanding role of cisplatin in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. 254 80

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a tumor highly sensitive to chemotherapy for which combination chemotherapy is the cornerstone of treatment. Antineoplastic activity has been shown for several agents, usually in the setting of minimal prior therapy. Active agents have minimal activity when used after previous chemotherapies. Cisplatin, which has only modest activity for SCLC, has not been adequately tested in the setting of minimal prior therapy, but is probably very active. Furthermore, response to cisplatin is probably dose-dependent. Synergy between agents is very important in treatment strategies, and cisplatin is synergistic with multiple agents. The EP combination (cisplatin, etoposide) is particularly synergistic for SCLC. Unlike most other combinations, EP produces consistent responses as a salvage regimen. When used as an initial treatment regimen or to alternate with other combinations, EP approximately produces the "state-of-the-art" anticipated results. When EP is administered with concurrent chest irradiation in limited disease, it produces response and survival results similar to more aggressive regimens. Thus, EP plus chest irradiation is a reasonable combination for patients not entering investigational studies, and EP may be the foundation for more aggressive combinations. CEP (high-dose EP, cyclophosphamide) caused an increase in response frequency in extensive disease. We added cisplatin to the combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide (PACE). This four-drug combination pilot study was stopped early because of toxicities, and follow-up now suggests that survival may be prolonged. Further study of this and similar aggressive combinations appears warranted, and the use of colony-stimulating factors may allow for acceptable toxicity and further dose escalation.
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PMID:Cisplatin for small-cell lung cancer. 254 82

Taste recognition thresholds for four basic tastes, sweet, salty, and bitter, have been examined in 36 advanced lung cancer patients to identify the presence or absence of taste abnormalities in such patients. Twenty-six untreated lung cancer patients, or 65.3%, demonstrated an abnormal taste threshold for at least one of the 4 taste, a result varying significantly from suitable controls (p less than 0.05). Among the total 36 lung cancer patients, the number of those showing a threshold abnormality was no different between the smoker and non-smoker groups, though abnormalities were higher in the low serum zinc level group than in the normal serum zinc level group (p less than 0.05). We also observed transient threshold elevations after chemotherapy including Cisplatin. Thus, it is thought that taste abnormalities are more prevalent in advanced lung cancer patients.
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PMID:[Clinical study of taste abnormalities in advanced lung cancer cases]. 259 29

Advanced malignant tumors of certain histological types contain a hypoxic and necrotic core. Multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS) have the characteristics of chronically hypoxic cells in the center. We studied the effects of physiological oxygen environment on MTS growth and the cell lethality produced by doxorubicin (DXR) and cisplatin (DDP). MTS were made from 2 human lung cancer cell lines; PC-6 small cell and PC-10 squamous cell carcinoma, and grown for 2, 3 or 4 weeks; either in 5% CO2/air or 5% 02/5% CO2/90% N2. They were exposed to graded concentrations of DXR for 1 hr and cell lethality was determined by clonogenic assay. In the physiological oxygen environment MTS growth was retarded for both cell lines. PC-6 MTS grown in physiological oxygen environment were more sensitive to DXR than those developed in air. The differential sensitivity was most pronounced with the 2 week old MTS and gradually narrowed with increasing MTS size. In contrast, PC-10 MTS developed in the physiological oxygen environment were more resistant to DXR than those in air; the differences were again most pronounced in 2 week old MTS. There were little differences in cell kill effects of DDP, irrespective of cells being in monolayer or in MTS and growing in air or in physiological oxygen environment. These observations are consistent with the interpretation that cells in PC-6 MTS are scarcely affected by the physiological oxygen environment but easily affected by DXR, whereas cells in PC-10 MTS responded vice versa.
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PMID:Effects of physiological oxygen environment on drug-induced cell lethality of multicellular tumor spheroids from human lung cancer. 275 45

The purpose of this trial was to investigate the impact of systemic combination chemotherapy on survival and recurrence patterns in incompletely resected non-small-cell lung cancer. Incomplete resection was defined as presence of residual tumor in the resection margin or by presence of metastasis in the highest paratracheal lymph node sampled during protocol-directed surgical staging of the mediastinum. One hundred seventy-two patients were randomized to receive either postoperative radiotherapy (RT) alone or postoperative RT plus chemotherapy with CAP (Cytoxan [cyclophosphamide; Bristol Myers, Evansville, IN], Adriamycin [doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH], and Platinol [cisplatin; Bristol Myers]) for 6 months. One hundred sixty-four patients were eligible for analysis at a mean time since randomization of 3.7 years. The chemotherapy arm showed significantly longer recurrence-free survival (two-sided Mantel-Haenszel log rank test, P = .004). This difference holds true for nonsquamous patients (P = .01), and approaches significance for squamous patients as well (P = .08). There was a 14% difference in survival rate favoring the chemotherapy arm 1 year after randomization. Analysis of sites of recurrence showed a significant decrease in distant metastases in the chemotherapy arm. Median survival for the entire group was approximately 17 months, and 35% are alive 2 years after resection. Toxicity of treatment consisted of esophagitis (mild-moderate by Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group [ECOG] criteria) and predictable hematologic, gastrointestinal (GI), and skin toxicity expected from CAP.
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PMID:The benefit of adjuvant treatment for resected locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. The Lung Cancer Study Group. 289 98

Seventy patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) were given six courses of chemotherapy alternating two drug combinations: a combination of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (Adriamycin [Adria Laboratories, Columbus OH]) and vincristine (CAV) was alternated with cisplatin and etoposide at 3-week intervals. Thoracic radiotherapy was administered concurrently with the first cisplatin-etoposide chemotherapy. Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) was administered after the completion of all chemotherapy. No maintenance treatment was used. Seventy-six percent of patients achieved a complete clinical response. The median survival was 78 weeks and the 2-year survival rate was 32% with an average follow-up of 3 1/2 years. Seventeen percent are currently alive and disease free. Cisplatin and etoposide can be administered concurrently with thoracic irradiation with acceptable toxicity. Our results justify further clinical research using alternating chemotherapy and concurrent thoracic irradiation and cisplatin-etoposide chemotherapy.
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PMID:Alternating chemotherapy and thoracic radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin-etoposide for limited-stage small-cell carcinoma of the lung. 302 Jun 95

Cisplatin plus VP-16 has become a widely used salvage regimen for CAV (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin [Adriamycin], and vincristine) failures. However, the major value of this two-drug combination will probably be as an integral part of the initial therapeutic strategy. Cisplatin plus VP-16 has been used as induction therapy in four separate published studies involving 238 patients. The response rates ranged from 71% to 94% and complete remission (CR) rates varied from 30% to 53%. Cisplatin plus VP-16 has also been alternated with CAV in several phase II studies with encouraging results. A Southeastern Cancer Study Group (SECSG) protocol in extensive disease is currently testing this hypothesis in a random prospective study. A recently completed SECSG protocol in limited small-cell lung cancer tested the concept of late intensification with two courses of cisplatin plus VP-16 following six courses of CAV, v six courses of CAV alone. Presently, there is a statistically significant survival advantage for cisplatin plus VP-16.
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PMID:Initial therapy with cisplatin plus VP-16 in small-cell lung cancer. 302 Jul 1


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