Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Beryllium is the second lightest metal, has a high melting point and high strength-to-weight ratio, and is chemically stable. These unique chemical characteristics make beryllium metal an ideal choice as a component material for a wide variety of applications in aerospace, defense, nuclear weapons, and industry. However, inhalation of beryllium dust or fumes induces significant health effects, including chronic beryllium disease and lung cancer. In this study, the mutagenicity of beryllium sulfate (BeSO(4)) and the comutagenicity of beryllium with a known mutagen 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) were evaluated using a forward mutant detection system developed in Escherichia coli. In this system, BeSO(4) was shown to be weakly mutagenic alone and significantly enhanced the mutagenicity of MNNG up to 3.5-fold over MNNG alone. Based on these results a proteomic study was conducted to identify the proteins regulated by BeSO(4). Using the techniques of 2-DE and oMALDI-TOF MS, we successfully identified 32 proteins being differentially regulated by beryllium and/or MNNG in the E. coli test system. This is the first study to describe the proteins regulated by beryllium in vitro, and the results suggest several potential pathways for the focus of further research into the mechanisms underlying beryllium-induced genotoxicity.
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PMID:Proteomic analysis of beryllium-induced genotoxicity in an Escherichia coli mutant model system. 1644 59

EGFR mutations are a major determinant of lung tumor response to gefitinib, an EGFR-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Obtaining a response from lung tumors expressing wild-type EGFR is a major obstacle. The combination of gefitinib and cytotoxic drugs is one strategy against lung cancers expressing wild-type EGFR. The DNA topoisomerase inhibitor irinotecan sulfate (CPT-11) is active against lung cancer. We examined the sensitivity of lung cancers expressing wild- or mutant-type EGFR to the combination of gefitinib and CPT-11. The in vitro effect of gefitinib and SN-38 (the active metabolite of CPT-11) was examined in seven lung cancer cell lines using the dye formation assay with a combination index. When administered concurrently, gefitinib and SN-38 had a synergistic effect in five of the seven cell lines expressing wild-type EGFR, whereas the combination was antagonistic in PC-9 cells and a PC-9 subline resistant to gefitinib and expressing deletional mutant EGFR (PC-9/ZD). When administered sequentially, treatment with SN-38 followed by gefitinib had remarkable synergistic effects in the PC-9 and PC-9/ZD cells. In an in vivo tumor-bearing model, this combination had a schedule-dependent synergistic effect in the PC-9 and PC-9/ZD cells. An immunohistochemical analysis of the tumors in mice treated with CPT-11 and gefitinib demonstrated that the number of Ki-67 positive tumor cells induced by CPT-11 treatment was decreased when CPT-11 was administered in combination with gefitinib. In conclusion, the sequential combination of CPT-11 and gefitinib is considered to be active against lung cancer.
Lung Cancer 2006 Jul
PMID:Effects of different combinations of gefitinib and irinotecan in lung cancer cell lines expressing wild or deletional EGFR. 1671 12

Gateways to Clinical Trials are a guide to the most recent clinical trials in current literature and congresses. The data in the following tables have been retrieved from the Clinical Trials Knowledge Area of Prous Science Integrity, the drug discovery and development portal, http://integrity.prous.com. This issue focuses on the following selection of drugs: 131-I-chlorotoxin; Ad5CMV-p53, adalimumab, albumin interferon alfa, alemtuzumab, aliskiren fumarate, aminolevulinic acid methyl ester, anakinra, AR-C126532, atomoxetine hydrochloride; Bevacizumab, bosentan, botulinum toxin type B, brimonidine tartrate/timolol maleate; Calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate, cangrelor tetrasodium, cetuximab, ciclesonide, cinacalcet hydrochloride, collagen-PVP, Cypher; Darbepoetin alfa, darusentan, dasatinib, denosumab, desloratadine, dexosome vaccine (lung cancer), dexrazoxane, dextromethorphan/quinidine sulfate, duloxetine hydrochloride; ED-71, eel calcitonin, efalizumab, entecavir, etoricoxib; Falciparum merozoite protein-1/AS02A, fenretinide, fondaparinux sodium; gamma-Hydroxybutyrate sodium, gefitinib, ghrelin (human); hLM609; Icatibant acetate, imatinib mesylate, ipsapirone, irofulven; LBH-589, LE-AON, levocetirizine, LY-450139; Malaria vaccine, mapatumumab, motexafin gadolinium, muraglitazar, mycophenolic acid sodium salt; nab-paclitaxel, nelarabine; O6-Benzylguanine, olmesartan medoxomil, orbofiban acetate; Panitumumab, peginterferon alfa-2a, peginterferon alfa-2b, pemetrexed disodium, peptide YY3-36, pleconaril, prasterone, pregabalin; Ranolazine, rebimastat, recombinant malaria vaccine, rosuvastatin calcium; SQN-400; Taxus, tegaserod maleate, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, teriparatide, troxacitabine; Valganciclovir hydrochloride, Val-Tyr sardine peptidase, VNP-40101M, vorinostat.
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PMID:Gateways to clinical trials. 1684 50

NPRL2 is one of the novel candidate tumor suppressor genes identified in the human chromosome 3p21.3 region. The NPRL2 has shown potent tumor suppression activity in vitro and in vivo and has been suggested to be involved in DNA mismatch repair, cell cycle checkpoint signaling, and regulation of the apoptotic pathway. In this study, we analyzed the endogenous expression of the NPRL2 protein and the cellular response to cisplatin in 40 non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines and found that expression of NPRL2 was significantly and reciprocally correlated to cisplatin sensitivity, with a Spearman correlation coefficient of -0.677 (P < 0.00001). Exogenously introduced expression of NPRL2 by N-[1-(2,3-dioleoyloxyl)propyl]-NNN-trimethylammoniummethyl sulfate:cholesterol nanoparticle-mediated gene transfer significantly resensitized the response to cisplatin, yielding a 40% greater inhibition of tumor cell viability and resulting in a 2- to 3-fold increase in induction of apoptosis by activation of multiple caspases in NPRL2-transfected cells compared with untransfected cells at an equal dose of cisplatin. Furthermore, a systemic treatment with a combination of NPRL2 nanoparticles and cisplatin in a human H322 lung cancer orthotopic mouse model significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin and overcame cisplatin-induced resistance (P < 0.005). These findings implicate the potential of NPRL2 as a biomarker for predicting cisplatin response in lung cancer patients and as a molecular therapeutic agent for enhancing response and resensitizing nonresponders to cisplatin treatment.
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PMID:The 3p21.3 tumor suppressor NPRL2 plays an important role in cisplatin-induced resistance in human non-small-cell lung cancer cells. 1701 26

FUS1 is a novel tumor suppressor gene identified in human chromosome 3p21.3 region. Loss of expression and deficiency of posttranslational modification of FUS1 protein have been found in a majority of human lung cancers. Restoration of wild-type FUS1 in 3p21.3-deficient human lung cancer cells exhibited a potent tumor suppression function in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we evaluated the combined effects of FUS1 and tumor suppressor p53 on antitumor activity and explored the molecular mechanisms of their mutual actions in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. We found that coexpression of FUS1 and p53 by N-[1-(2,3-dioleoyloxyl)propyl]-NNN-trimethylammoniummethyl sulfate:cholesterol nanoparticle-mediated gene transfer significantly and synergistically inhibited NSCLC cell growth and induced apoptosis in vitro. We also found that a systemic treatment with a combination of FUS1 and p53 nanoparticles synergistically suppressed the development and growth of tumors in a human H322 lung cancer orthotopic mouse model. Furthermore, we showed that the observed synergistic tumor suppression by FUS1 and p53 concurred with the FUS1-mediated down-regulation of murine double minute-2 (MDM2) expression, the accumulation and stabilization of p53 protein, as well as the activation of the apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1)-dependent apoptotic pathway in human NSCLC cells. Our results therefore provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of FUS1-mediated tumor suppression activity and imply that a molecular therapy combining two or more functionally synergistic tumor suppressors may constitute a novel and effective strategy for cancer treatment.
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PMID:Synergistic tumor suppression by coexpression of FUS1 and p53 is associated with down-regulation of murine double minute-2 and activation of the apoptotic protease-activating factor 1-dependent apoptotic pathway in human non-small cell lung cancer cells. 1723 82

Two hundred and eighteen serum samples from 175 lung cancer patients and 43 healthy individuals were analyzed by using Surface Enhaced Laser Desorption/Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrome-try (SELDI-TOF-MS). The data analyzed by both Biomarker Wizardtrade mark and Biomarker Patternstrade mark software showed that a protein peak with the molecular weight of 11.6 kDa significantly increased in lung cancer. Meanwhile, the level of this biomarker was progressively increased with the clinical stages of lung cancer. The candidate biomarker was then obtained from tricine one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis by matching the molecular weight with peaks on WCX2 chips and was identified as Serum Amyloid A protein (SAA) by MALDI/MS-MS and database searching. It was further validated in the same serum samples by immunoprecipitation with commercial SAA antibody. To confirm the SAA differential expression in lung cancer patients, the same set of serum samples was measured by ELISA assay. The result showed that at the cutoff point 0.446 (OD value) on the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, SAA could better discriminate lung cancer from healthy individuals with sensitivity of 84.1% and specificity of 80%. These findings demonstrated that SAA could be characterized as a biomarker related to pathological stages of lung cancer.
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PMID:Discovery and identification of Serum Amyloid A protein elevated in lung cancer serum. 1760 86

Diesel motor emission is a complex mixture of hundreds of constituents in either gas or particle form. Diesel particulate matter (DPM) is composed of a center core of elemental carbon and adsorbed organic compounds including PAHs and nitro-PAHs, and small amounts of sulfate, nitrate, metals, and other trace elements. DPM consists of fine particles including a high number of ultrafine particles. These particles are highly respirable and have a large surface area where organics can adsorb easily. Exposure to DPM can cause acute irritation and neurophysiological, respiratory, and asthma-like symptoms and can exacerbate allergenic responses to known allergens. Consistently, lung cancer risk is elevated among workers in occupations where diesel engines have been used. However, quantification of the cancer risk with respect to DPM concentrations is not possible. Furthermore, ambient fine and ultrafine particles, of which DPM is an important component, contribute to cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality and lung cancer. In conclusion, diesel exhaust poses a cancer risk greater than that of any other air pollutant, as well as causing other short- and long-term health problems. One effective way to effectively reduce emission of DPM is the use of particle traps.
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PMID:Diesel exhaust particles. 1788 72

We investigated the protein binding affinity of magnetite (Fe3O4) and maghemite (gamma-Fe2O3) nanoparticles with against non-characterized protein from human lung cancer A549 cell line on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The binding ability of maghemite was 400 ng/mg. According to the SDS-PAGE results, the protein binding affinity of maghemite nanoparticles is stronger than magnetite nanoparticles. These data suggest that a protein can be detected with maghemite nanoparticles.
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PMID:Evaluation for protein binding affinity of maghemite and magnetite nanoparticles. 1804 41

Paclitaxel (Taxol), PTX) is a promising anti-cancer drug and has been successfully used to treat a wide variety of cancers. Unfortunately, serious clinical side effects are associated with it, which are caused by PTX itself and non-aqueous vehicle containing Cremophor EL. Development of new formulation of PTX with better efficacy and fewer side effects is extremely urgent. In the present study, a N-octyl-O-sulfate chitosan (NOSC) micelle was developed and used as the delivery system for PTX. The pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, efficacy and safety of PTX-loaded NOSC micelles (PTX-M) were evaluated. The results showed that NOSC micelles had high drug loading capacity (69.9%) and entrapment efficiency (97.26%). The plasma AUC of PTX-M was 3.6-fold lower than that of Taxol; but the V(d) and CL of PTX-M were increased by 5.7 and 3.5-fold, respectively. Biodistribution study indicated that most of the PTX were distributed in liver, kidney, spleen, and lung and the longest retention effect was observed in the lung. Drug safety assessment studies including acute toxicity, hemolysis test, intravenous stimulation and injection anaphylaxis revealed that the PTX-M was safe for intravenous injection. Furthermore, the comparable antitumor efficacy of PTX-M and Taxol was observed at the same dose of 10 mg/kg in in vivo antitumor mice models inoculated with sarcoma180, enrich solid carcinoma (EC), hepatoma solidity (Heps), Lewis lung cancer cells and A-549 human lung cancer cells. These results clearly showed that PTX-M had the similar antitumor efficacy as Taxol, but significantly reduced the toxicity and improved the bioavailability of PTX.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, efficacy and safety of N-octyl-O-sulfate chitosan micelles loaded with paclitaxel. 1809 46

Quercetin is an anti-oxidative flavonoid widely distributed in the plant kingdom. Phenolic hydroxyl groups at the B-ring and the 3-position are responsible for its free radical-scavenging activity. Quercetin is commonly present as a glycoside and is converted to glucuronide/sulfate conjugates during intestinal absorption and only conjugated metabolites are therefore found in circulating blood. Although metabolic conversion attenuates its biological effects, active aglycone may be generated from the glucuronide conjugates by enhanced beta-glucuronidase activity during inflammation. With respect to its relationship with molecular targets relevant to cancer prevention, quercetin aglycone has been shown to interact with some receptors, particularly an aryl hydrocarbon receptor, which is involved in the development of cancers induced by certain chemicals. Quercetin aglycone has also been shown to modulate several signal transduction pathways involving MEK/ERK and Nrf2/keap1, which are associated with the processes of inflammation and carcinogenesis. Rodent studies have demonstrated that dietary administration of this flavonol prevents chemically induced carcinogenesis, especially in the colon, whilst epidemiological studies have indicated that an intake of quercetin may be associated with the prevention of lung cancer. Dietary quercetin is, therefore, a promising agent for cancer prevention and further research is warranted.
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PMID:Multitargeted cancer prevention by quercetin. 1846 24


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