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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The application of current knowledge and technology could dramatically improve the survival rate in both lung cancer and COPD, even before physicians and other health workers are finally able to convince the population that both personal and environmental tobacco smoke must be eliminated to begin to reduce the premature morbidity and mortality from lung cancer, airflow obstruction, and other smoking-related diseases such as heart attack and stroke.
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PMID:Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 920 9

The results of treatment and the survival time of lung cancer patients are strictly dependent on early diagnosis. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) are the most effective diagnostic methods in cancer diagnosis. These methods allowed us to evaluate biological neoplastic markers at the site of the tumor. Using commercially available ELISA kits (Endogen) followed by ETI-system (SORIN) analysis we measured the IL-2 concentration in BALF of 36 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients before (Gr. I) and after (Gr. II) surgery and 18 non-neoplastic lung disorder patients as a control group (6 cases of sarcoidosis and 12 cases of COPD). In BALF of Gr. I Macrophage percentage was higher (x = 74.125%), and lymphocyte percentage was lower (x = 15.875%) than in sarcoidosis x = 38.33% and x = 64.3% respectively. IL-2 of BALF was not detected in 83.4% of squamous cell lung cancer cases (Gr. I) before treatment. The average IL-2 BALF concentration of the remaining portion of this group was 80.49pg/ml/mg p. IL-2 was detected in Gr. II (x = 151.003 pg/ml/mg p.) after combined cancer resection. An inverse correlation was found between IL-2 BALF concentration and disease stage.
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PMID:IL-2 concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. 933 32

Connection between histological type of lung cancer and existence of clinical and spirometric symptoms of COPD was analysed in 110 lung cancer patients (64 small cell, 23 adenocarcinoma, and 23 squamous). It was shown that adenocarcinoma was significantly more frequent among subjects with values of FEV1%VC over 70 than among subjects with small cell and squamous lung cancer. Also subjects with values of FEV1% VC over 70 had significantly higher oxygen blood pressure, and clinical and radiological symptoms of COPD were less intensive than in subjects with values of this index below 70. There was no correlation between histological type of lung cancer and bronchoscopic symptoms of bronchitis and radiological symptoms of emphysema.
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PMID:[Coexistence of obstructive lung diseases and lung cancer]. 965 83

Whatever facts we gather and no matter how many we have, you and I must eventually put the journal down and pick up our stethoscope, pen, and prescription pad and go to work. Hopefully we can do better than, "Therapy is not uniform and specific antibiotic regimens are usually selected based on local tribal custom." We can discard an old paradigm, "The absence of data bears no relation to the strength of opinion." Personally, I have used these new scientific data before I reached my conclusion. I have developed 10 points to structure my new approach. I invite you to compare my conclusions to yours. 1. In acute bronchitis, in otherwise healthy adults, my preference is to not prescribe an antibiotic. If I do, it is not over the phone. You should want to see and examine the patient. If there are no helpful hints to etiology, I choose a newer macrolide for those under age 50 and use a short course, five-seven days. For patients over age 50, especially if they are "healthy smokers," consider a short course of cefuroxime. (You can see, even in these acute bronchitis patients, you want an antibiotic effective against today's pathogens.) 2. In all chronic bronchitis patients, prevention of further damage to the airways should be attempted by instituting a program of smoking cessation and appropriate immunizations against influenza and pneumococcus. 3. Treatment outcomes will also improve if we recognize that in some patients the progressing SOB, cough, and increasing sputum production are due to congestive heart failure and not due to infection. I try to think about congestive heart failure in all of my patients, but especially in those with known heart disease and cardiomegaly on their chest x-ray. 4. Routine pulmonary function testing is important in smoking patients. Physicians underestimate the degree of obstruction present when they rely on physical exam alone. Hopefully long before the patient's acute illness you have established whether or not obstruction is present. This information helps identify the high risk patient for not only recurrent bouts of infection but also those at increased risk for lung cancer. 5. We will have more success in treating AECB when we elect to use an antibiotic only for patients with at least two of the following three cardinal symptoms: increased dyspnea, increased sputum production, and increased purulent sputum. COPD patients have many days when they feel more SOB. To use this or any one sign as the sole indication for starting an antibiotic has been proven not to make a statistically significant difference in outcome in most patients. Also, the value of prophylactic antibiotic therapy has not been established. 6. When airflow obstruction is moderately severe or more pronounced, AECB should usually be treated with oral steroids. Other measures such as chronic bronchodilator therapy, supplemental and home oxygen use, and pulmonary rehabilitation have been extensively reviewed elsewhere.
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PMID:Challenging questions in treating bronchitis. 979 74

The duration of anamnesis and its dependence on the amount of expectorated blood and on concomitant complaints was evaluated in 774 patients examined for hemoptysis in the Department of Respiratory Diseases and Tuberculosis, Faculty Hospital, Brno, with the aim to detect the factors hastening the visiting the physician by the patient. The longest anamnesis in average was in patients with COPD (123 days) and lung cancer (58 days). The patients coming too late to the physician originated mostly from these 2 groups as well--the anamnesis was longer than 2 months in 27% out of COPD patients and in 25% out of cancer patients. After including the influence of the amount of expectorated blood and of the concomitant complaints, the conclusion was reached that the bloody expectoration alone especially when streaks of blood only are present in sputum represent in many patients the motive not important enough for consulting the physician.
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PMID:[Duration of anamnesis in patients with hemoptysis]. 1023 Apr 71

Lung cancer (LC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary lung diseases (COPDs; including emphysema and chronic bronchitis) share a common etiology. Despite the known associations of alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (alpha1AD) with COPD and COPD with LC, few studies examined the association of alpha1AD alleles and LC. We hypothesize that heterozygous individuals who carry a deficient allele of the alpha1AD gene Pi (protease inhibitor locus) are at an increased risk of developing LC. The Pi locus is highly polymorphic with >70 variants reported. There are at least 10 alleles associated with deficiency in alpha1-antitrypsin. Using an exact binomial test, we compared the alpha1AD carrier rate in 260 newly diagnosed Mayo Clinic LC patients to the reported carrier rate in Caucasians in the United States (7%). alpha1AD carrier status, determined by isoelectric focusing assay, was examined with respect to the history of cigarette smoking, COPD, and histological types. Thirty-two of the 260 patients (12.3%; 95% confidence interval, 8.6-16.9%) carried an alpha1AD allele, which was significantly higher than expected (P = 0.002). Twenty-four of the 32 carriers had allele S, 6 had allele Z, and 2 had allele I. Patients who never smoked cigarettes were three times more likely to carry a deficient allele (20.6%; P = 0.008), although smokers had a higher carrier rate (11.1%; P = 0.025) when compared with the 7% rate. Patients with squamous cell or bronchoalveolar carcinoma had a significantly higher carrier rate than expected (15.9% and 23.8%, P < or = 0.01, respectively). Our preliminary findings suggest that individuals who carry an alpha1AD allele may have an increased risk for developing LC, specifically squamous cell or bronchoalveolar carcinoma.
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PMID:Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency allele carriers among lung cancer patients. 1035 Apr 43

Cigarette smoking is claiming an increasing health toll among women, with rising morbidity and mortality related to lung cancer and COPD. Whether women are more susceptible to the effects of cigarettes with regard to carcinogenesis and development of COPD remains controversial. Gender differences clearly exist in certain aspects of cigarette-related disease, including histologic distribution of lung cancer and the ability of smokers to quit. It is likely that gender differences also exist in the reasons that individuals choose to smoke. Understanding those reasons will be important in developing targeted programs for smoking cessation and in addressing the challenge of the prevention of smoking initiation in women.
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PMID:Cigarette smoking and women's respiratory health. 1076 89

Retrospective analysis of pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was made in 66 patients, treated in hospital. Nosocomial pneumonia was diagnosed in 11 (17%) patients. In 51 patients coexisting lung diseases were present: mainly COPD and bronchiectasis. Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were susceptible mostly to imipenem, meropenem, aztreonam, ticarcillin-clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, piperacillin-tazobactam, netilmicin. Duration of treatment in hospital was very long--59% were treated over 30 days. Combined antibacterial therapy was applied in 35 (53%) patients and monotherapy, often with different antibiotics--in 31 (47%) patients. Treatment was successful in 45 (68%) patients. In 9 patients the results of treatment was not successful: mainly because of empyema in 7 pts. Twelve (18%) patients (with coexisting COPD--6 and lung cancer--6) died. We can support current recommendations for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection with combination of aminoglycosides or fluoroquinolones plus one of remaining antipseudomonal antibiotics. Treatment failures occurred mainly in patients with severe coexisting diseases and/or empyema.
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PMID:[Pseudomonas aerogunosa pneumonia in patients treated at the Hospital for Chest Diseases]. 1100 44

Smoking is a high-risk behaviour affecting health and economic welfare of society. Thus it is important to quantify the economic burden smoking places on social institutions in Germany. Approximately 33.4% of the male and 20.4% of the female population are current smokers. This study investigates the health care costs of smoking based on 1996 figures, focusing on the seven most frequent diseases associated with the inhalation of tobacco smoke: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, international classification of diseases (ICD) 490-491); lung cancer (ICD 162); stroke (ICD 434-438); coronary artery disease (ICD 410-414); cancer of the mouth and larynx (ICD 140-149, 161) and artherosclerotic occlusive disease (ICD 440). A data search was carried out on MEDLINE, the German Institute for Medical Documentation and Information, and the Internet as well as in databases of health insurance companies and the German Federal institute of statistics. Direct and indirect costs were calculated separately. The results estimate the total smoking related health care costs (attributable fraction due to smoking) for COPD to be 5.471 billion EURO (73%), for lung cancer 2.593 billion EURO (89%), for cancer of the mouth and larynx 0.996 billion EURO (65%), for stroke 1.774 billion EURO (28%), for coronary artery disease 4.963 billion EURO (35%) and for atherosclerotic occlusive disease 0.761 billion EURO (28%). The economic burden of smoking related health care costs for Germany is 16.6 billion EURO. Smoking is therefore responsible for 47% of the overall costs of these diseases (35.2 billion EURO). In the view of the high costs for smoking, of which almost 50% are due to respiratory disease, pneumologists should enhance their effort in primary, secondary and tertiary prevention.
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PMID:The economic impact of smoking in Germany. 1102 45

A 81-year-old man who had medical treatment for both COPD and essential hypertension was admitted to our institution for evaluation of shadows of a mass in the right upper field on chest X-rays. The tumor was 3.0 cm in diameter on chest CT and diagnosed to be bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma on the basis of findings of bronchoscopic brushing. The thoracoscopic wedge resection was undergone for cT1N0M0 lung cancer in the high-risk patient. Postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged one month after the operation. He is now doing well without relapse of cancer a year and half after the operation.
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PMID:[A case treated with thoracoscopic wedge resection for cT1N0M0 lung cancer complicated with both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and hypofunction of left ventricle in a octogenarian]. 1121 74


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