Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Computer-aided three-dimensional (3-D) volumetry of human pulmonary acini was undertaken using the left upper lobe of a 51-year-old female operated for small lung cancer. A normal part of this lobe, fixed by intrabronchial infusion with a mixture of polyethylene glycol and formalin, was subjected to serial sectioning, using a special slicer, into 48 serial slices of 0.5 mm in thickness. A soft x-ray radiograph was prepared from each slice at x 12, and the contours of airways and acinar boundaries contained in it were input by digitization into a microcomputer for 3-D reconstruction and volumetry. The estimated volumes of 130 acini were unexpectedly uniform, showing a normal type distribution with a mean of 172.7 +/- 37.9 mm3. No significant correlation proved to exist between the volume of acini and the number of branching generation of the terminal bronchioles (TBs) they received. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in volume among the acini facing the costal surface, those facing the mediastinal surface and those not facing any pleural surface. However, the generation number of TBs was shown to differ significantly with the location of acini. These results suggest that the tree of conductive airways is designed so as to meet the requirement of constant acinar volume.
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PMID:Computer-assisted three-dimensional volumetry of the human pulmonary acini. 145 15

A simple and effective method for concentrating sputum in the preparation of smears for cytodiagnosis of lung cancer was developed. The procedure, which utilizes a fixative consisting of 2,3-dihydroxy-1,4-dithiol-butane, 3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxy-toluene, polyoxyethylene-cetyl-ether, polyethylene glycol 1540, and ethyl alcohol in distilled water permitted preparation of an amucoid, thin smear. Sputum was collected in a screw-cap plastic tube containing the fixative. After 12 hours mucus in the sputum was liquefied and the cellular elements were obtained from the bottom of the tube. Cellular morphology was well preserved for cytodiagnosis. Microscopic observation was facilitated by lysis of the mucus. Estimation of cellular origin was rather easy because of the distinct fixation. Cells from the sputum sediment following liquefaction were more representative of the entire specimen than with a random selection method. The new method should be useful not only in hospitals but also in mass surveys.
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PMID:A new method of preparing specimens for cytodiagnosis of lung cancer. 241 Jun 40

A double antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to quantitate circulating immune complexed IgA (IgA IC) in human serum. The serum panel for this study consisted of normal blood donors, benign surgery (BS), head and neck cancer (HN), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), lung cancer (LC), and colon cancer (CC) patients. Immune complexes (IC) were isolated from these sera by precipitation with 3.5% polyethylene glycol (PEG), washed and then redissolved in 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline pH 7.2. The amount of IgA IC present were then quantified using the double antibody IgA ELISA. This assay was found to be both sensitive (26.0 ng/ml) and reproducible (intra-assay coefficient of variation 4.0%). The mean IgA IC for each cancer group tested (HN = 11.38 +/- 12.54 micrograms/ml; NPC = 13.36 +/- 17.56 micrograms/ml; LC = 17.39 +/- 13.04 micrograms/ml; CC = 26.50 +/- 4.60 micrograms/ml) were significantly elevated (P = 0.001) over both the normals (5.12 +/- 4.09 micrograms/ml) and the benign surgery controls (5.92 +/- 5.04 micrograms/ml). In addition to providing a new tumor marker the presence of high levels of IgA IC in cancer patients could provide a source of tumor-specific antibody as well as antigen and provide reagents to study immune regulation in cancer patients.
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PMID:Circulating IgA immune complexes in head and neck cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, lung cancer, and colon cancer. 382 45

Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were found in 47% of 71 patients before treatment, in a horizontal study of the presence of CIC in primary lung cancer (PLC). The precipitation technique in PEG was used, and C1q, IgG and IgM fractions in the precipitate were assayed. Especially in epidermoid carcinoma, CIC were found in 1/6 cases with stage 1, 2/9 with stage II and 21/34 with stage III. The frequency was significantly higher in stage III cases, and showed a significant tendency to increase with progression of the clinical stage. If stage parameters are considered separately, this tendency correlates significantly (p less than 0.002) with the amount of lymph node involvement (N) but not to the tumor (T) size nor to the presence of metastases (M). Analysis of CIC behavior in comparison with the single fractions showed that C1q and/or IgG were elevated in 40% of cases. The presence of C1q and/or IgG associated with IgM is more characteristic of stage N2, while the presence of CIC with the fractions C1q and/or IgG not associated with IgM is more frequent in stage N1. There was a lower survival rate at 12 months in patients with CIC as compared to those without (p less than 0.05).
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PMID:Immunocomplexes and primary lung cancer. 627 Sep 95

Sera from 53 patients with unresectable lung cancer were tested for the presence of immune complexes by 12 assays. 5 assays (EA rosette inhibition, ADCC inhibition, platelet aggregation, IgG and C3 concentrations in PEG precipitates) could discriminate cancer patients from healthy subjects with over 80% reliability. On the basis of 3 assays (EA-I, ADCC-I and PEG-C3) a function allowing a 100% correct classification could be formulated:--(EA-I)--0.5 (ADCC-I) + 2.4 (PEG-C3) greater than 69.3, i.e., results higher than 69.3 are characteristic for cancer patients and lower than 69.3 for normal subjects. The relationship between the immune complex levels and the average survival time was not altered by sex, age, histology and treatment. None of the immune complex assays or their combination were useful for the estimation of individual life expectation.
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PMID:Clinical correlates of circulating immune complex levels in advanced lung cancer. A discrimination analysis. 682 86

In a collaborative study involving 7 laboratories, sera from 53 patients with lung cancer, 37 primary and 16 secondary tumours, and sera of 40 healthy blood donors were tested by 19 different assays or assay modifications used for detecting immune complexes. In 12 out of 19 assays, significantly higher immune complex levels were found in the cancer patients than in the healthy subjects. Assays based on interactions between immune complexes and Fc receptors of different cells (lymphocytes, macrophages of platelets) discriminated between cancer patients and health subjects and a high percentage (47-87%) of positivity was observed in such assays in patients with lung cancer. In contrast, none of the tests based on immune complex-complement interactions discriminated between cancer patients and health subjects. Immunochemical analyses of the PEG precipitates obtained from the sera tested revealed that the concentrations of IgG, IgA and C3 were significantly higher in the precipitates obtained from patients sera than from control sera, but no significant differences were seen in IgM and C1q concentrations. A 100% correct classification of individuals tested was obtained on discriminant analysis of results with 3 assays: EA rosette inhibition, ADCC inhibition and C3 concentration in PEG precipitates. Correlation between results obtained with individual sera by the different assays was very poor: significant correlation coefficients were found in only 13% of all possible paired comparisons. Our results suggest that Fc receptor-dependent assays are more suitable for detection and measurement of circulating immune complexes in lung cancer than tests based on interactions with complement.
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PMID:Evaluation of different methods for detecting circulating immune complexes. Studies in patients with lung cancer. 697 88

A modified leukocyte adherence inhibition (H-LAI) assay has recently been developed in which 0.25% serum from the patient is added to the assay system in combination with the relevant antigen. Trypsinized leukocytes from control persons are used as indicator cells. In the present work, the nature of the humoral factor in serum from breast and lung cancer patients is studied. 3.5 M KCl extracts from the cell lines MCF-7 and Calu-1 were used as breast and lung cancer antigen, respectively. It was found that the humoral factor involved in the H-LAI response was precipitated from the sera by addition of ammonium sulphate to 50% saturation. This factor could be removed by passage through an affinity column with the relevant antigen bound to the matrix. Stable complexes were formed between the humoral factor and the relevant antigen, and could be precipitated by polyethylene glycol. When different anti-immunoglobulins were added to the sera, the humoral factor was specifically removed by addition of anti-IgG antibodies. The data presented indicate that the humoral factor in sera from patients with breast and lung cancer is antitumor antibodies of IgG nature.
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PMID:Role of circulating antibodies in the humoral leukocyte adherence inhibition response of lung and breast cancer patients. 701 72

The technique of inflation and fixation of the lung with polyethylene glycol is useful for specimen radiography and radiologic-pathologic correlation, but it is limited by poor histologic staining of the fixed tissue. To improve staining we used formalin to distend and fix the lung before standard fixation with a polyethylene glycol mixture. In this preliminary study, canine and infant lungs, and lungs from three cases of lung cancer were examined. The modified technique provided high-quality staining and satisfactory specimen radiography in all cases except one of the lung cancers; in this case excessive shrinkage occurred and degraded radiographic quality. We conclude that the new method of preparation permits both specimen radiography and high quality staining of the fixed tissue.
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PMID:Improved method of preparation of inflated-fixed lung for radiologic-pathologic correlation. 820 75

We studied the production of chemiluminescence (CL) by peripheral blood neutrophils from 24 normal subjects, 13 lung cancer patients with clinical stages (CS) III and IV, and 27 breast cancer patients with CS II, III, and IV. Evaluations were made before chemo- and radiotherapy treatments. CL was expressed as: baseline of the record background activity; area under the curve (AUC) of opsonized zymosan response; maximum peak (MP) response; time to MP (TMP); and total time (TT). Simultaneously, circulating immune complexes (CIC) in sera were evaluated by polyethylene glycol precipitation technique. The results demonstrated that lung cancer patients with CS III had an increase of TMP and TT values, while breast cancer patients with CS IV showed the lowest values of AUC and MP compared with the control group. The CIC levels were increased in all the cancer patients. There was no correlation between the baseline CL activity and the levels of immune complexes.
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PMID:Chemiluminescence production by neutrophils and immune complex levels in cancer patients. 840 20

Coupling anticancer drugs to synthetic polymers is a promising approach of enhancing the antitumor efficacy and reducing the side-effects of these agents. Doxorubicin maleimide derivatives containing an amide or acid-sensitive hydrazone linker were therefore coupled to alpha-methoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)-thiopropionic acid amide (MW 20000 Da), alpha,omega-bis-thiopropionic acid amide poly(ethylene glycol) (MW 20000 Da) or alpha-tert-butoxy-poly(ethylene glycol)-thiopropionic acid amide (MW 70000 Da) and the resulting polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugates isolated through size-exclusion chromatography. The polymer drug derivatives were designed as to release doxorubicin inside the tumor cell by acid-cleavage of the hydrazone bond after uptake of the conjugate by endocytosis. The acid-sensitive PEG conjugates containing the carboxylic hydrazone bonds exhibited in vitro activity against human BXF T24 bladder carcinoma and LXFL 529L lung cancer cells with IC70 values in the range 0.02-1.5 microm (cell culture assay: propidium iodide fluorescence or colony forming assay). In contrast, PEG doxorubicin conjugates containing an amide bond between the drug and the polymer showed no in vitro activity. Fluorescence microscopy studies in LXFL 529 lung cancer cells revealed that free doxorubicin accumulates in the cell nucleus whereas doxorubicin of the acid-sensitive PEG doxorubicin conjugates is primarily localized in the cytoplasm. Nevertheless, the acid-sensitive PEG doxorubicin conjugates retain their ability to bind to calf thymus DNA as shown by fluorescence and visible spectroscopy studies. Results regarding the effect of an acid-sensitive PEG conjugate of molecular weight 20000 in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay indicate that this conjugate is significantly less embryotoxic than free doxorubicin although antiangiogenic effects were not observed.
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PMID:Acid-sensitive polyethylene glycol conjugates of doxorubicin: preparation, in vitro efficacy and intracellular distribution. 1063 61


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