Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Corticosteroids used orally and intravenously lead to lung diseases and vascular disorder. To investigate whether enolase levels are also changed by treatment with synthetic steroid dexamethasone (as alteration in the enolase levels have been correlated with lung cancer) we performed the following studies. A cDNA library was prepared from poly(A) mRNA extracted from human lung fibroblast cells. cDNA clone HLE1 containing 1.7 kb insert coding for enolase was isolated. Its identity was confirmed by (a) translation of the hybrid selected mRNA and (b) nucleotide sequence analysis of the insert and comparison with known enolase sequences from other species. The lung enolase is coded by a polypeptide of 458 amino acid residues (mr = 49.5 kD). Nucleotide sequencing and derived amino acid sequence data suggest that the cloned enolase is non-neuronal isoform of enolase (NNE). In lung fibroblast cells, dexamethasone caused remarkable increase in the abundance of the enolase mRNA, which was concentration and time dependent. The induction by dexamethasone required de novo RNA synthesis but not de novo protein synthesis.
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PMID:Human lung enolase: cloning and sequencing of cDNA and its inducibility with dexamethasone. 768 84

Cytokeratins are intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton that are expressed by bronchial epithelium and its neoplastic counterpart, lung cancer. A new immunoradiometric assay referred to as CYFRA 21-1 makes it possible to titrate in the serum a cytokeratin 19 fragment. This study deals with the sensitivity, specificity and applicability of this serum marker in squamous cell carcinoma. Sera from non malignant pulmonary diseases were taken as controls. In comparison with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC T-A4) and neuron specific enolase (NSE), CYFRA 21-1 was the most accurate marker. The area under the CYFRA 21-1 ROC curve was significantly greater than those of CEA, SCC T-A4 and NSE. Using a 3.6 ng/ml threshold, as determined by the ROC curve, CYFRA 21-1 was significantly correlated with tumor mass.
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PMID:[CYFRA 21-1: a new marker of epidermoid cancer of the bronchi. Comparison with 3 other markers]. 769 32

The present prospective study has been carried out to evaluate the role of tumour markers in the preoperative assessment and follow-up of patients with potentially resectable lung cancer. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron specific enolase (NSE), and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) have been preoperatively measured in 133 lung cancer patients and in 75 healthy smokers. The same tumour markers have been serially determined during the 12 to 30 month-follow-up of 53 subjects who had a complete resection. In screening for localized lung cancer, TPA determination was the single most accurate diagnostic test. The combined measurement of several tumour markers did not result in a greater diagnostic accuracy of the assay. In predicting lung cancer unresectability, CEA, though being the most suitable test, allowed preoperative detection of only one third of patients with unremovable tumours. In monitoring the postresectional course of subjects who had a complete resection, the combined measurement of TPA and NSE proved to be a very reliable predictor of disease recurrence.
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PMID:Multiple tumour markers for diagnosis, management and follow-up of potentially resectable lung cancer. 820 29

The human placental form of glutathione S-transferase pi (GST-pi) was measured by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in lung cancer cell lines established in our laboratories. In classic-type small cell lung cancer (SCLC), variant-type SCLC and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the respective mean GST-pi values were 0.83 +/- 0.88, 3.27 +/- 2.85 and 2.40 +/- 0.76 micrograms/mg protein. Cell lines with high GST-pi content had low levels of neuron specific enolase, which is known as a representative tumor marker for SCLC. This suggests that GST-pi may also be used as a potential marker for NSCLC. The lines with low GST-pi content were more sensitive to radiation than those with high GST-pi content. Cell lines not subjected to prior therapy also showed a good correlation between GST-pi levels and chemosensitivity to cisplatin. The findings suggest that GST-pi can be used as an adjunctive marker for lung cancer.
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PMID:Glutathione S-transferase pi levels in a panel of lung cancer cell lines and its relation to chemo-radiosensitivity. 838 71

The aim of this study was to assess a prognostic value of serum specific enolase (NSE) measurement in lung cancer patients. Total number of 105 patients entered the study, including 36 patients with small cell carcinoma and 69 patients with non small cell carcinoma (21-squamous cell carcinoma, 32-adenocarcinoma, 14-large cell carcinoma). Elevated NSE level was observed in 47 (44.8%) patients: in 75% of SCLC patients and 29% of NSCLC patients (p < 0.001). Median survival in NSCLC patients with elevated NSE levels was 27 weeks and in those with normal values-59 weeks. The probability of one year survival in both groups was 22% and 45% respectively (p = 0.27). Median survival in SCLC patients with elevated NSE test was 30 weeks and in those normal levels-61 weeks and the probability of one years survival in both groups was 26% and 62%, respectively (p = 0.34).
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PMID:[Prognostic value of neuron enolase levels in serum of patients with lung neoplasms]. 852 May 60

Exposure of pNGE7, a recombinant clone containing the coding and regulatory sequences for the expression of neuron specific enolase gene, cells to electromagnetic radiations (915 MHz, 16 Hz AM, SAR 0.05 mW/kg) resulted in the elevation of neuron specific enolase (NSE), a diagnostic marker for neuron and lung cancer. Using ion-exchange chromatography we separated the neuron specific enolase activity from the non-neuronal enolase (NNE) activity and observed an alteration in the expression of neuron specific enolase and non-neuronal enolase. The clinical applications of the present studies have been discussed.
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PMID:Microwave induced alteration in the neuron specific enolase gene expression. 852 73

To evaluate the pronostic value of an elevated seric carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA > 10 ng/ml) at diagnosis, in patients with lung cancer, a pair study was done: couples of patients with same staging and histologic type were established, one patient with high CEA level compared to one patient with normal CEA level (< 5.5 ng/ml). Other markers were measured: neuron specific enolase (NSE), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or Cyfra 21-1. Survival was the end point of comparison. For 89 couples created, patients with low CEA level had a better survival rate at one year ( p = 0.02), this prognosis advantage was confirmed by a comparison of survival curves with Mantel-Cox and Breslow test (p = 0.01), but not by the signs test. These differences were also observed for the 71 couples of squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas, and the apparied signs test was still not significant. The poor prognosis persisted for patients with high CEA level, when one another marker's level (NSE or SCC or Cyfra 21-1) was increased, in comparison with patients with any marker increased. On 29 couples of all histological subtypes or on the 25 couples of non small cell lung cancer, the signs test and the comparison of survival curves were significant, but not the 1 year survival rate. This study shows that a CEA level greater than 10 ng/ml at diagnosis is a poor pronostic factor in patients with lung carcinoma, independent of the stage of disease and of the histologic type.
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PMID:[Prognostic value of pre-therapeutic levels of carcino-embryonic antigen in primary bronchial carcinoma]. 874 67

The isoforms of gamma-enolase were characterized in serum from patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and in extracts from SCLC cell lines and malignant melanoma tumor tissue. Large variations in the expression of the 3 gamma-isoforms of enolase were observed. These forms probably represent the homodimeric gamma gamma-enolase, the heterodimeric alpha gamma-enolase and the monomeric forms of gamma-enolase. Only the dimeric forms are enzymatically active. The predominant gamma-enolase in the cell lines is the heterodimeric alpha gamma-enolase. The SCLC cell lines can be divided into two groups: one with negligible gamma gamma-enolase expression and considerable amounts of the nonneuronal alpha alpha-enolase and a second group with a large fraction of gamma gamma-enolase concomitant with a low expression of alpha-enolase. Similar patterns are observed in tissue extracts from malignant melanoma. When changing buffer conditions by increasing the ionic strength and decreasing the Mg2+ concentration, interconversions between the isozymes occur. In contrast to the predominant alpha gamma-enolase in extracts from cell lines, the multiple forms of gamma-enolase in serum might be caused by a subunit exchange facilitated by the low Mg2+ concentration in plasma. However, there seems to be a stable equilibrium between the isoforms in undiluted patient serum. The induction of subunit exchange by perturbation in ionic strength and/or Mg2+ concentration indicates a need for caution when choosing diluents for use in assays for neuron-specific enolase.
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PMID:Expression and interconversion of neuron-specific enolase in patient sera and extracts from small-cell lung cancer cells. 879 53

The soluble cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA) and pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP) are recently described promising tumor markers for lung cancers. To assess their alterations in renal dysfunction, serum levels of CYFRA and ProGRP were determined together with conventional markers including carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC), neuron specific enolase (NSE) in patients with renal failure of varying degrees. The mean concentration of all these markers but NSE significantly increased with the severity of renal failure. After hemodialysis (HD), the mean concentration of ProGRP, the molecular weight of which is comparable to that of 2-microglobulin, was significantly decreased. High false positive rates for tumor markers of lung cancer in patients with renal failure should be considered to avoid unnecessary diagnostic procedures.
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PMID:Serum levels of five tumor markers for lung cancer in patients with chronic renal failure. 946 64

We report the results of a study performed in the thoracic surgery department of Hospital General Universitario of Valencia from October 1989 to December 1996. Of the 621 patients diagnosed of lung cancer during this period, 320 underwent the usual surgical excision, 18 were confirmed histologically as bronchial carcinoid tumors, indicating an incidence of 5.6% of all pulmonary neoplasms resected in our department. The symptoms most often reported were recurring infection (44.5%) and chest pain (33.3%). Only one patient presented carcinoid syndrome. The most common radiologic presentation was solitary pulmonary nodule (50%). The tumor was visible by fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 9 cases. Diagnosis was by bronchial biopsy in four cases. Confirmation was by immunohistochemical analysis of the specimen in all cases. Electron microscopy and immunohistochemical techniques using neuroendocrine panmarkers is considered fundamental for differentiating between neuroendocrine neoplasms and typical and atypical carcinoid tumors. Thirteen (72.2%) of the 18 patients studied were diagnosed of typical carcinoids and 5 (27.8%) of atypical carcinoids. Neuroendocrine marking showed neurospecific enolase in 15 patients and chromogranin positivity in 10.
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PMID:[Bronchial carcinoid tumors: a prospective study]. 955 78


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