Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 71-year-old male, diagnosed as lung cancer, underwent unilateral pulmonary occulusion test. Through the guidewire, 7.5 Fr thermodilution catheter with occlusion balloon was introduced to the left pulmonary artery from the right internal jugular vein. Heparinized physiological saline solution was injected into the distal site of the occulusion. The occulusion time was 15 minutes. Pulmonary artery pressure and wedge pressure were within normal range. Soon after the examination, the pulmonary arteriogram (PAG) showed the defect of the branch to the lingular segment and the lower lobe. We made a diagnosis of pulmonary thrombosis. Three days after the administration of urokinase and heparin, both pulmonary perfusion scintigram and PAG exhibited the reperfusion to these areas. After the thrombolytic therapy was accomplished, antithrombin III and protein C in the serum showed within normal range. It was possible that the damage on the intima due to the thermodilution catheter or the guidewire and the following blood congestion by the pulmonary artery occulusion caused the thrombosis.
 ...
PMID:[A case of the pulmonary thrombosis caused by unilateral pulmonary artery occulusion test]. 965 34

The expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA), u-PA receptor (u-PAR) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) 1 and 2 was examined in 105 cases of primary lung cancer tissue using immunohistochemical staining and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) techniques. The expression of u-PA, u-PAR and PAI-1 was detected in approximately 80% of primary lung cancers, whereas detectable PAI-2 expression was observed only in half of the overall cases. We assessed the relationships between the expression pattern and clinicopathological findings and found that a diminished expression level of PAI-2 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and a poor prognosis. These results indicate that PAI-2 may play a critical role in the regulation of extracellular matrix degradation during tumour cell invasion and metastasis, and the expression of PAI-2 may be useful as a marker for evaluating the prognosis of lung cancer.
 ...
PMID:Significance of plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 as a prognostic marker in primary lung cancer: association of decreased plasminogen activator inhibitor 2 with lymph node metastasis. 974 10

The transcriptional localizations of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), its receptor (uPAR) and its inhibitors (PAI-1 and PAI-2), which are possibly involved in cancer metastasis, have not been determined in human lung cancer. To identify their regulation in primary non-small-cell lung cancer, we assayed mRNA levels by Northern blot analysis in 25 cases and determined the localizations of mRNA by in situ hybridization in 10 cases. The amounts of uPA and PAI-2 mRNA were significantly higher in cancerous relative to normal lung tissues. However, no significant difference was observed in uPAR and PAI-1 mRNA levels. All transcripts were present in cancer cells and were predominantly located in tumor edges in several cases. In addition, PAI-1 transcripts were more abundant in poorly and moderately differentiated carcinomas relative to well-differentiated carcinomas and PAI-2 transcripts were more abundant in squamous cell carcinomas than in adenocarcinomas. Thus, PAIs may be involved in modulation of malignant potency. Our results indicate that human non-small-cell lung cancer cells can autonomously express the mRNAs of uPA, uPAR and PAIs, which are possibly involved in metastasis.
 ...
PMID:Cancer cells overexpress mRNA of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, its receptor and inhibitors in human non-small-cell lung cancer tissue: analysis by Northern blotting and in situ hybridization. 976 59

Clinical and experimental studies suggest that urokinase plasminogen activator/u-PA/ is associated with cancer invasion and metastasis. The aim of study was to evaluate the concentration and activity of u-PA in the plasma of patients with planoepithelial lung carcinoma. The examined group consisted of 40 patients/33 men, 7 women/aged 58 years with lung cancer in II, IIIa and IIIb stage of disease and 30 healthy adults as control. In citrate plasma concentration and activity of u-PA with ELISA method were performed. Concentration of u-PA was significantly lower in cancer patients then in controls. No associations between sex, age and plasma levels of u-PA were observed. Concentration and activity of u-PA in patients with IIIb stage of cancer were significantly decreased in comparison to patients with IIIa stage.
 ...
PMID:[Urokinase plasminogen activator /U-PA/in blood of patients with lung cancer]. 985 63

We reported previously that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can promote the invasion of human lung cancer cell lines in vitro. However, the exact mechanism of its stimulatory effect on invasion remains to be elucidated. In the present study we mainly focused our attention on the components of the plasminogen activation system in human lung cancer cell lines, because of the central role that plasminogen activators play in regulating extracellular proteolysis. We showed that G-CSF induced a dose-dependent increase in the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) activity in the conditioned medium of a PC-9 lung cancer cell line. When the amounts of uPA activity were quantitated by densitometry, we found that even at a concentration of 0.01 microg/ml, G-CSF had a stimulatory effect on the uPA release, while high concentrations caused a 3.6-fold increase at a maximum concentration of 1 microg/ml. A Western blot analysis of the conditioned medium confirmed the findings observed in a zymographic analysis. The observed increase in uPA protein was paralleled by a significant increase in the uPA mRNA levels after treatment with G-CSF. However, our experiments failed to identify any alteration in the plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) secretion caused by G-CSF. In addition, we also found the expression of G-CSF receptor by PC-9 cells, suggesting the possible pathway activated by G-CSF.
 ...
PMID:G-CSF increases secretion of urokinase-type plasminogen activator by human lung cancer cells. 987 2

We and other researchers have previously found that colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), which generally include granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), promote invasion by lung cancer cells. In the present study, we studied the effects of these CSFs on gelatinase production, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) production and their activity in human lung cancer cells. Gelatin zymographs of conditioned media derived from human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines revealed two major bands of gelatinase activity at 68 and 92 kDa, which were characterized as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 respectively. Treatment with CSFs increased the 68- and 92-kDa activity and converted some of a 92-kDa proenzyme to an 82-kDa enzyme that was consistent with an active form of the MMP-9. Plasminogen activator zymographs of the conditioned media from the cancer cells showed that CSF treatment resulted in an increase in a 48-55 kDa plasminogen-dependent gelatinolytic activity that was characterized as human uPA. The conditioned medium from the cancer cells treated with CSFs stimulated the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, providing a direct demonstration of the ability of enhanced uPA to increase plasmin-dependent proteolysis. The enhanced invasive behaviour of the cancer cells stimulated by CSFs was well correlated with the increase in MMPs and uPA activities. These data suggest that the enhanced production of extracellular matrix-degrading proteinases by the cancer cells in response to CSF treatment may represent a biochemical mechanism which promotes the invasive behaviour of the cancer cells.
 ...
PMID:Granulocyte, granulocyte-macrophage, and macrophage colony-stimulating factors can stimulate the invasive capacity of human lung cancer cells. 1040 91

Although fibrinolysis has been implicated in the progression and metastasis of lung cancer, no detailed study has been carried out on components measured in samples from both plasma and tumour. This study thus provides the first comprehensive data obtained from 166 patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung carcinoma. Plasma samples were obtained at diagnosis and tumour samples during surgical resection. Appropriate control samples were obtained from normal subjects and patients with chronic obstructive airways disease (plasma) and from organ donors (normal lung tissue). Assays were performed on plasma and tissue extracts for tissue plasminogen activator, urokinase-like activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor (activity and antigen in all cases), together with plasmin-antiplasmin complex, soluble fibrin, D-dimer and thrombin-antithrombin complex. Levels of D-dimer, thrombin-antithrombin complex and plasmin-antiplasmin complex were all significantly higher in plasma from patients, whereas urokinase-like activator activity was reduced. Only two parameters were significantly altered in both the core and periphery of tumour tissue: levels of D-dimer were increased and tissue-type plasminogen activator activity was reduced. Interestingly, significant differences in levels of other fibrinolytic parameters were detected in the core and periphery of tumours. Significant activation of fibrinolysis was indicated in patients, although the origin of this could not be related consistently to changes in levels of plasminogen activator and inhibitor.
 ...
PMID:Alterations to the fibrinolytic enzyme system in patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma. 1045 17

The plasminogen activator cascade initiated by urokinase type plasminogen activator (u-PA) is involved in extracellular matrix degradation during the tumor invasion process. The plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 (PAI-1) and 2 (PAI-2) are two specific inhibitors of u-PA. We hypothesized that the balance between u-PA and its two inhibitors could be disrupted to favor plasminogen activation during lung cancer progression. Using immunohistochemistry, we analyzed the pattern of expression of u-PA, PAI-1, and PAI-2 in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) and neuroendocrine (NE) lung tumors. u-PA and PAI-1 were both detected in stromal fibroblasts and in tumor cells. In 84 NSCLCs, their epithelial expression was strongly correlated and linked to the presence of node metastasis (P = 0.008), whereas their coexpression in fibroblasts was associated with larger tumor size (P = 0.04) and advanced stages (P = 0.009). In 72 NE tumors, u-PA and PAI-1 were more frequently expressed in fibroblasts in high-grade NE tumors (SCLC and large cell NE tumors) than in low- and intermediate-grade tumors (typical and atypical carcinoids). Comparison of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in 14 cases showed that PAI-1 was consistently expressed by stromal fibroblasts, although the protein was also localized in tumor cells. In contrast, the expression of PAI-2 was restricted to fibroblasts and correlated with the absence of nodal involvement (P = 0.005). Considering NE tumors, the frequency of PAI-2 expression decreased along the NE spectrum from typical carcinoids to SCLCs. These data suggest that PAI-lacts in synergy with u-PA to favor tumor invasion process and connotes aggressivity, in contrast with PAI-2, which may block u-PA-mediated proteolysis and is inversely correlated with tumor progression.
 ...
PMID:Expression of plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 and 2 in lung cancer and their role in tumor progression. 1047 92

Since homeobox-containing genes (HOX genes) are a family of transcriptional regulators, which give cells positional information in morphogenesis, cancer metastasis can be explained as a heterotopic expression of HOX genes. In the present study, I transfected HOXD3 gene into human lung cancer A549 cells and investigated alterations of adhesiveness, migration and invasiveness of the tumor cells. Overexpression of the HOXD3 gene enhanced expressions of integrin alpha 3, alpha 4 and beta 3 subunits, and increased adhesive and migratory activities toward fibronectin and vitronectin. It was suggested that the increased migration of the tumor cells resulted from enhanced expression and activation of integrin alpha v beta 3. Furthermore, the overexpression of HOXD3 increased mRNA expressions of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and transcription factors ets-1 and -2. Most of these molecules, which increased with overexpression of HOXD3, are well-known factors associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. Indeed, HOXD3 transfectants revealed high invasive activity to matrigel, a basement membrane model, compared to their parent cells and control neo-transfectants. These findings suggest that abnormal expression of HOXD3 may enhance tumor invasion and metastasis through increased expressions of metastasis-related genes.
 ...
PMID:[Overexpression of human homeobox gene in lung cancer A549 cells results in enhanced motile and invasive properties]. 1049 51

The incidence of pulmonary thromboembolism after chest surgery is increasing. Five cases of it in recent two years were described. Four cases were lung cancer, and the other was myasthenia gravis. All lung cancer cases were after left lobectomy, and the findings of thromboembolism were mainly detected in right lung. Though hypocapnia is characteristic of pulmonary thromboembolism, arterial blood gas tests did not show it in all cases. Slight hypoxemia and arrhythmia are noteworthy signs of pulmonary thromboembolism after chest surgery. As thrombolytic and anticoagulation therapy, urokinase and heparin were very useful in four of five cases. Four patients made a rapid recovery from pulmonary thromboembolism, but one died of cerebral hemorrhagic infarction. The other patient did not recover in spite of intense medication, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and pulmonary embolectomy. To prevent pulmonary thromboembolism after chest surgery, appropriate countermeasures should be considered.
 ...
PMID:[Five cases of pulmonary thromboembolism after chest surgery]. 1055 87


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>