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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Our purpose was to determine whether peripheral blood biomarkers MUC1 and CK19 could be used to complement imaging studies in differentiating benign from malignant indeterminate pulmonary nodules or masses detected on computed tomography CT. One hundred and eighteen patients had a thoracic CT and blood drawn for tumor marker reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Thirty-five of the 118 patients had an indeterminate pulmonary nodular opacity on CT, and the findings then were correlated with the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction results. The sensitivity and specificity for the markers in determining malignancy was calculated. Thirteen of the 35 opacities on CT proved to be benign, and 22 proved to be lung cancer. Among the patients with indeterminate pulmonary abnormalities, polymorphic epithelial mucin protein 1 had a sensitivity and specificity for lung cancer of 100% and 46%, respectively. Cytokeratin 19 had a sensitivity and specificity for lung cancer of 95% and 8%, respectively. These preliminary data showed that serum biomarkers polymorphic epithelial mucin protein 1 and cytokeratin 19 were not specific for lung cancer, although patients with an indeterminate pulmonary abnormality and negative markers were unlikely to have lung cancer. Integration of imaging studies with the appropriate biomarkers may prove useful in evaluating indeterminate pulmonary nodules or masses.
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PMID:Integration of peripheral blood biomarkers with computed tomography to differentiate benign from malignant pulmonary opacities. 1153 Oct 10

Keratins form the largest subfamily of intermediate filament proteins and show strict lineage- and differentiation-associated expression in epithelial cells. Little is known about the mechanisms that control keratin protein synthesis in these cells. We have examined the effect of the differentiation-modulating agent, 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), on keratin 19 (K19) expression in two human lung carcinoma cell lines, DLKP and A549. Treatment of both cell lines with 10 microM BrdU for 7 d induced the expression of K19 protein in keratin-negative DLKP cells, and significantly increased K19 protein expression in A549 cells. K19 messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) were detected by Northern blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses in both cell lines, but no increase in K19 mRNA levels was detected in either cell line, even with treatment with BrdU for up to 21 d. This suggests that K19 protein synthesis is normally blocked at a posttranscriptional level in DLKP cells, and BrdU can somehow reverse this block, resulting in the induction of K19 protein synthesis. Treatment of HL60, a leukemic cell line, with BrdU, resulted in noninduction of K19 protein synthesis, and no K19 mRNA transcripts were detected before and after BrdU treatment, possibly suggesting that BrdU is acting in an epithelial-specific manner to reverse a block in K19 protein synthesis in DLKP keratin-negative lung cancer cells. Therefore, DLKP (and A549) may be useful cellular models to investigate if this represents a regulatory step in early lung development or a mechanism whereby tumor cells possess the ability to down-regulate the expression of a more-differentiated phenotype.
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PMID:Bromodeoxyuridine increases keratin 19 protein expression at a posttranscriptional level in two human lung tumor cell lines. 1166 88

Galectins are animal proteins which specifically bind beta-D-galactoside residues and their specific cellular function is not yet clearly established. However, these proteins seem to play a role in neoplastic transformations. Po66 is a murine monoclonal antibody directed against a protein from human lung carcinoma, Po66 Carbohydrate-Binding-Protein (Po66-CBP), which belongs to the galectin-8 family. Our results show that the Po66-CBP gene generates five transcripts by alternative splicing, which could give rise to five proteins: two proteins belong to the tandemly repeated galectin family and three belong to the single carbohydrate recognition domain galectins. All these proteins are encoded by a unique gene located in 1q42. Experiments carried out by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction show that the levels of expression of these five galectin-8 isoforms are variable during the culture time in SK-MES-1, a human lung squamous carcinoma cell line. Cancer Genome Anatomy Project database analysis confirms the presence of Po66-CBP in lung cancer and its absence in healthy lung.
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PMID:Two messenger RNAs and five isoforms for Po66-CBP, a galectin-8 homolog in a human lung carcinoma cell line. 1167 18

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein reverse transcriptase that synthesizes telomeric DNA onto chromosome ends, and is not detected in most normal cells. It has been clarified that some bronchial squamous cell carcinomas may arise through the metaplasia and dysplasia sequence accompanied by accumulation of genetic mutations in metaplastic cells. Recently a highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based telomerase assay (TRAP assay) was developed for the detection of telomerase activity. Telomerase activity has been found in most malignant neoplasms, including lung cancer. The objective of this study was to determine whether telomerase RNA might increase in precancerous lesions of the bronchi. Bronchial-brushing extracts were analyzed for telomerase activity (F-TRAP) and in situ telomerase activity using a fluorescence-based TRAP assay (in situ TRAP) and compared to cytological features. The fluorescence-based semi-quantitative TRAP assay detected telomerase activity in 8 out of 12 lung cancer cases (66.7%). In squamous cell carcinoma, 6 out of 9 cases (66.7%) showed telomerase activity. On the other hand, in normal and precancerous lesions of the bronchi, telomerase activity was not detected using either the F-TRAP method or in situ TRAP method. We concluded that dysplastic cells might not contain immortalized cells, and that the increase of telomerase activity is a relatively late event during the bronchial carcinogenesis. It is difficult to distinguish between dysplasia and in situ carcinoma of the bronchus morphologically, but the measurement of telomerase activity is clinically valuable for the determination of treatment.
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PMID:Telomerase activity during carcinogenesis in the bronchus. 1174 53

It has been suggested that fibronectin (FN) and syndecan play an important role in many aspects of cell-substrate interactions including cell adhesion. We hypothesized that oncofetal FN (onfFN) and syndecan play an important role in the process of adhesion of several human lung cancer cell lines. To test this, levels of onfFN in the culture supernatant were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 18 human lung cancer cell lines. In addition, expressions of onfFN and syndecan-1 mRNA were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Of 18 lung cancer cell lines, 3 cell lines (all adenocarcinoma) released a significant amount of onfFN in culture supernatants. Of the 18 cell lines tested, 6 cell lines expressed a significant amount of mRNA for onfFN and 4 expressed a significant amount of mRNA for syndecan-1. Levels of onfFN and expressions of mRNA for onfFN and syndecan-1 were consistently higher in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines than in small cell lung cancer cell lines. In addition, cell lines that expressed mRNA for onfFN and syndecan-1 tended to adhere to culture dishes. Syndecan-1 expression was significantly higher in attached cells compared with nonattached cells within the same cell line. Differences in onfFN and syndecan synthesis may explain some in vitro and in vivo characteristics of lung cancer.
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PMID:Expression of oncofetal fibronectin and syndecan-1 mRNA in 18 human lung cancer cell lines. 1178 33

Epidemiological studies have indicated that females may be at greater risk of smoking associated lung cancer compared with males. Several lines of biochemical evidence support these observations. A possible role of circulating steroid hormones in the etiology of lung cancer has been hypothesized. In the present paper, we have studied the expression of the estrogen receptors (ER)-alpha and ER beta in histologically normal human lung tissue and lung tumor cell lines. Relative ER mRNA levels were measured by reverse transcriptase-PCR and normalized to the level of expression of the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (GAPDH). In lung tissue, an ER alpha transcript was found at various levels in 38 out of 46 cases (83%). ER beta was expressed in all cases. The ERs were expressed at similar levels in females and males, and the levels of ER alpha and ER beta mRNA were significantly related (P<0.0001). Compared with the lung tissue, ER expression levels were lower in 16 human lung tumor cell lines and two immortalized human bronchial epithelial cell lines. Five of the tumor cell lines (31%) expressed detectable levels of ER alpha and both of the immortalized cell lines showed a weak ER alpha expression level. All cell lines expressed the ER beta. The lung cell lines BEAS-2B and DB354 showed significantly reduced cell proliferation in response to tamoxifen and a minor increased growth in response to 17 beta-estradiol. In conclusion, ER genes are abundantly expressed in both histologically normal human lung and lung tumor cell lines. This indicates a possible role of ERs in lung carcinogenesis.
Lung Cancer 2002 Aug
PMID:Expression of estrogen receptors alpha and beta in human lung tissue and cell lines. 1214 Jan 38

It has been reported that cytokeratin 8 (CK8) can be expressed in several cancers and expression of CK8 is correlated with increased invasiveness of the tumor in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we investigated expressions of CK8 in human lung cancer cell lines. In addition, we also evaluated the clinical significance of CK8 measurements in sera of patients with lung cancer. Expression of mRNA for CK8 was semi-quantitatively evaluated by the competitive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (competitive RT-PCR), using human lung cancer cell lines. The level of CK8 protein in culture supernatants of lung cancer cell lines and 70 sera of patients with lung cancer was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Levels of serum CK8 according to clinical parameters were also examined. The level of expression of CK8 mRNA in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines was significantly high compared with that of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines (P<0.05). The level of CK8 in culture supernatants in NSCLC was significantly high compared with that of SCLC. The level of serum CK8 in patients with NSCLC was significantly high compared with that of normal non-smokers and compared with that of SCLC (P<0.05). Patients with a CK8 value of 50.0 ng/ml, or higher, had a statistically significant diminished survival compared with those patients whose CK8 values were lower. In conclusion, CK8 was preferentially expressed in NSCLC. Increasing values of CK8 were significantly associated with tumor progression and decreased survival in patients with NSCLC. Therefore, CK8 in sera may become a novel tumor marker in patients with lung cancer.
Lung Cancer 2002 Oct
PMID:Expression of cytokeratin 8 in lung cancer cell lines and measurement of serum cytokeratin 8 in lung cancer patients. 1236 90

Ultrastructural studies have shown that Clara cell-type is a more common type of adenocarcinoma than alveolar type II cell-type, and that both types may provide better prognosis than other types, indicating an importance of differentiation toward peripheral airway cells. Pulmonary surfactant protein (SP)-A is a specific marker for both alveolar type II cells and Clara cells in peripheral lung tissues, while SP-C and Clara cell 10 kD protein (CC10) may be particularly and highly specific to alveolar type II cells and Clara cells, respectively. The aims of this study were to assess the differentiation of adenocarcinoma cells in pleural effusions by evaluating the expression of these cell markers and to evaluate their values as diagnostic tools for judging the cause of pleural effusion. We examined pleural effusions from 52 patients; 20 with primary lung adenocarcinomas, 6 with small cell lung carcinomas, 11 with metastatic malignant tumors and 15 with non-neoplastic diseases. The cell pellets from effusions were subjected to immunocytochemical staining for SP-A, proSP-C, a precursor of SP-C, and CC10. By this immunocytochemical study for SP-A and proSP-C, 10 (50%) and 6 (30%) of 20 adenocarcinomas, respectively, showed a positive immunoreactivity in their effusion cells, while none of them expressed CC10. Alveolar type II cells therefore may be the main progenitor cells of some adenocarcinomas. In pleural effusions from patients with primary lung adenocarcinomas, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SP-A mRNA showed a sensitivity of 83%, while, in all remaining patients, these assays were negative. In conclusion, we demonstrated that lung adenocarcinomas, which are partially differentiated toward alveolar type II cells, are not as rare as previously thought, and that both the RT-PCR and immunocytochemical analyses for SP-A and pro-SP-C could be worthy indicators of differential diagnosis.
Lung Cancer 2002 Dec
PMID:Assessment of differentiation in adenocarcinoma cells from pleural effusion by peripheral airway cell markers and their diagnostic values. 1244 49

Lung cancer is the most frequent cause of cancer death in the United States. The pattern of regional lymph node involvement is a major prognostic factor in a patient with nonsmall cell lung cancer. The accuracy of information obtained about the lymph node status of lung cancer patients can be potentially increased by sentinel node lymphatic mapping. This technique has been well studied in melanoma and breast cancer. It may be useful in increasing the detection of micrometastases and in decreasing the morbidity from complete mediastinal lymphadenectomy. We report an animal pilot study of pulmonary lymphatic mapping. The aim of our study was to gain experience in the surgical techniques for pulmonary sentinel node lymphatic mapping in an animal model prior to its application in humans. Technetium sulfur colloid and isosulfan blue dye were injected into different lobes of the lung followed by attempts to identify the sentinel node draining that specific portion of the lung. Technetium sulfur colloid identified the sentinel node in five of six dogs within 20 min after the radiotracer was injected into the lung parenchyma. Isosulfan blue dye identified the sentinel node in three of six dogs within 5 min. Both the agents are potentially useful, but we found greater technical ease in identifying the sentinel node with technetium sulfur colloid. Two single-institution pilot studies in humans have been performed. A multicentered study to validate and further refine this technique is necessary. Advanced pathologic techniques such as immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction can be used to enhance the accuracy of staging. This may facilitate proper application of novel therapeutic strategies to improve the current dismal prognosis of this disease.
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PMID:Pulmonary lymphatic mapping in dogs: use of technetium sulfur colloid and isosulfan blue for pulmonary sentinel lymph node mapping in dogs. 1244 26

It has been suggested that thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) is frequently expressed in human lung cancer, especially in adenocarcinoma and small cell lung cancer, and the TTF-1 expression is closely related with the expression of surfactant protein. We hypothesized that TTF-1 is expressed in human lung cancer cell lines and its expression might be related to the expression of surfactant protein. To test this, expressions of TTF-1 and surfactant protein A (SP-A) were immunohistochemically evaluated in 16 human lung cancer cell lines. In addition, expressions of mRNAs for TTF-1 and SP-A were analyzed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequencing. As a result, nuclear staining of TTF-1 was observed in two of six adenocarcinoma cell lines, none of seven small cell lung cancer cell lines, and none of three squamous lung cancer cell lines. Among the 16 cell lines, six cell lines (PC3, LC2/Ad, A549, RERF-LC-OK, HI1017, and PC9) expressed significant amounts of mRNA for TTF-1. In contrast, cytoplasmic staining of TTF-1 was observed in five of six adenocarcinoma cell lines, in six of seven small cell lung cancer cell lines, and in all three squamous cell lung cancer cell lines. One of the two adenocarcinoma cell lines those showed positive nuclear staining and cytoplasmic SP-A staining released a significant amount of SP-A in culture supernatant. Our present study demonstrates that the frequency of TTF-1 expression in the nucleus was very low in human lung cancer cell lines; however, their cytoplasmic positivities should be further investigated.
Lung Cancer 2003 Jan
PMID:Expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 in 16 human lung cancer cell lines. 1249 91


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