Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 36-year-old man with large-cell carcinoma of the lung showed marked leukocytosis of up to 109,300/mm3. As high CSF activity was detected in the pleural effusion and the supernatant of cell cultures originating from the effusion, a diagnosis of CSF-producing lung cancer was made. Twenty-one CSF-producing lung cancers have been reported in Japan. They comprised 13 large-cell carcinomas, six squamous cell carcinomas, one adenocarcinoma and one small cell carcinoma.
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PMID:[A case of CSF (colony-stimulating factor)-producing lung cancer and a review of the literature]. 301 62

The expression of several macrophage and hemopoietic cell surface markers recently described on small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines was studied by use of flow cytometry. The antigens Leu-M3, Leu-7, and HLA-DR were examined for their modulation by human interferon gamma and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Both of these lymphokines generally induced enhanced expression of hemopoietic markers in several SCLC lines. A differential response to these two hormones was observed, in that qualitative and quantitative differences in marker modulation among the tested cell lines were apparent. In addition to regulating the antigenic phenotype of these cells, both interferon gamma and GM-CSF had antiproliferative effects on SCLC lines as determined by [3H]thymidine incorporation and clonal growth in agar. These results suggest that interferon gamma and GM-CSF promote a differentiation process in SCLC cell lines that has characteristics in common with myeloid differentiation. These findings support the theory that SCLC tumors are hemopoietic cells that arise from macrophages or their precursors and suggest new therapeutic modalities for the treatment of lung cancer.
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PMID:Interferon gamma and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor inhibit growth and induce antigens characteristic of myeloid differentiation in small-cell lung cancer cell lines. 301 38

To determine whether levels of mammalian bombesin (MB) or calcitonin would be useful in detecting CNS metastases in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), we measured their concentrations in the CSF of 94 patients who underwent lumbar puncture for suspected CNS involvement. The MB concentration was significantly elevated in the 51 patients with definite CNS metastases as compared with the 30 patients without apparent CNS involvement (P less than .01). This significance was due to increased levels of MB in 18 patients with meningeal carcinomatosis. Whereas CSF MB was detectable (greater than 10 fmol/mL) in only 7% of patients without apparent CNS involvement, CSF MB was detectable in 21% with parenchymal CNS metastases and in 78% of those with meningeal carcinomatosis. Interestingly, 93% of patients having MB concentrations above 20 fmol/mL had meningeal metastases. The calcitonin concentration was significantly elevated in 42 patients with CNS metastases as compared with 27 patients without CNS involvement (P less than .01). Both the 15 patients with meningeal carcinomatosis and the 27 patients with only parenchymal metastases had significantly elevated levels of CSF calcitonin as compared with those without CNS metastases. Fifty-three percent of patients with meningeal carcinomatosis and 48% with parenchymal metastases had a CSF calcitonin level above 18 fmol/mL, whereas only 7% without apparent CNS metastases exceeded this level. Sixty-seven percent of all patients with CNS metastases had increased CSF levels of one of the two hormonal markers. Thus, in SCLC patients, an elevated CSF calcitonin strongly suggested CNS metastases and an elevated MB was very suggestive of the presence of meningeal carcinomatosis. However, only the latter observation seems of clinical importance due to the difficulties in establishing this diagnosis with current diagnostic measures.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid bombesin and calcitonin in patients with central nervous system metastases from small-cell lung cancer. 302 22

Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) was evaluated in a number of malignant tumours. It was elevated (greater than 12.5 micrograms l-1) in 13/17 (76.5%) patients with extensive small-cell lung carcinoma and in none of the three patients with limited disease. Of patients with carcinoma of the breast 4/12 (33.3%) had elevated concentrations. Normal concentrations were found in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (19) and Hodgkin's disease (15), carcinoma of the cervix (2), CSF and serum (5) of patients with gestational trophoblastic disease (with definite nervous system involvement). Comparative serial studies of NSE and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentrations were done in 15 patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Of these 7/15 (46.7%) had elevated pre-treatment concentrations of both CEA and NSE, 1/15 (6.7%) had CEA elevated only, while 2/15 (13.3%) had NSE alone elevated. Of those patients with normal pre-treatment marker concentrations 3/5 (60%) had elevated markers on recurrence. The mean survival period was 61.9 weeks; 66.8 weeks for the marker-negative group and 44.6 weeks for the marker-positive (both NSE and CEA) group. Combined NSE and CEA evaluation provide additional means of monitoring SCLC.
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PMID:Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) as a tumour marker and comparative evaluation with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in small-cell lung cancer. 303 5

Production of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) was examined in three patients with lung cancer associated with neutrophilia. All three patients presented a marked increase in neutrophil count (26,000-39,000 microliters-1) that continued at least for 3 weeks and rapidly disappeared after surgical removal of the tumours. Culture media (CM) incubated with the excised tumour tissues stimulated the colony formation of bone marrow myeloid progenitor cells in vitro. Northern blot analysis of poly(A)+ RNA from the tumour tissues revealed a constitutive expression of granulocyte (G), macrophage (M), and granulocyte-macrophage (GM) CSF genes in all tumours. Immunoassay specific for these CSFs revealed that G- and M-CSF immunoreactivity was detected in all CM and GM-CSF protein in two out of three CM. The plasma CSF levels also increased before operation and decreased to normal or near-normal range after operation. In contrast, tumour cell CM obtained from two lung cancer patients without leucocytosis neither stimulated haematopoietic colony formation nor contained immunoreactive CSFs. These results indicated that the neutrophilia found in the three patients was probably caused by constitutive production of multiple CSFs by lung cancer cells.
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PMID:Constitutive production of multiple colony-stimulating factors in patients with lung cancer associated with neutrophilia. 750 22

Peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) are increasingly used for autografting after high-dose chemotherapy. One advantage of PBPCs over the use of autologous bone marrow would be a reduced risk of tumor-cell contamination. However, the actual level of tumor cells contaminating PBPC harvests is poorly investigated. It is currently not known whether mobilization of PBPCs might also result in mobilization of tumor cells. We evaluated 358 peripheral blood samples from 46 patients with stage IV or high-risk stage II/III breast cancer, small cell (SCLC) or non-small cell (NSCLC) lung cancer, as well as other advanced malignancies for the detection of epithelial tumor cells. Monoclonal antibodies against acidic and basic cytokeratin components and epithelial antigens (HEA) were used in an alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase assay with a sensitivity of 1 tumor cell within 4 x 10(5) total cells. Before initiation of PBPC mobilization, circulating tumor cells were detected in 2/7 (29%) patients with stage IV breast cancer and in 2/10 (20%) patients with extensive-disease SCLC, respectively. In these patients, an even higher number of circulating tumor cells was detected after chemotherapy with VP16, ifosfamide, and cisplatin (VIP) followed by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). This approach has previously been shown to be highly effective in mobilizing PBPCs. In the 42 patients without circulating tumor cells during steady state, tumor cells were mobilized in 9/42 (21%) patients after VIP+G-CSF induced recruitment of PBPCs. The overall incidence of tumor cells varied between 4 and 5,600 per 1.6 x 10(6) mononuclear cells analyzed. All stage IV breast cancer patients and 50% of SCLC patients were found to concomitantly mobilize tumor cells and PBPCs. Kinetic analyses showed two patterns of tumor cell recruitment depending on the presence or absence of bone marrow disease: (1) early after chemotherapy (between days 1 and 7) in patients without marrow infiltration, and (2) between days 9 and 16 in patients with marrow infiltration, ie, within the optimal time period for the collection of PBPCs. We show that there is a high proportion of patients with circulating tumor cells under steady-state conditions, and in addition a substantial risk of concomitant tumor cell recruitment upon mobilization of PBPCs, particularly in stage IV breast cancer patients with bone marrow infiltration. The biologic and clinical significance of this finding is unknown at present.
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PMID:Mobilization of tumor cells and hematopoietic progenitor cells into peripheral blood of patients with solid tumors. 790 97

The clinical usefulness of Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (rhG-CSF, Filgrastim, GRAN) was evaluated in patients with leukopenia and neutropenia following chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, lung cancer and breast cancer. During chemotherapy when patients' leukocyte count (WBC) fell below 4.0 x 10(9)/L.rhG-CSF(GRAN) at a dose of 75 micrograms/body.day was given subcutaneously 48 hours after the termination of chemotherapy. The results indicated that rhG-CSF(GRAN) could elevate nadirs of WBC and significantly shortened leukopenic period with WBC below 4.0 x 10(9)/L and expedited the recovery of WBC. rhG-CSF (GRAN)'s side effects were mild.
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PMID:[Clinical study of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) on leukopenia induced by chemotherapy in cancer patients]. 752 73

We monitored the plasma elastase alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex levels in 21 patients with primary lung cancer who received combination chemotherapy with or without recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF), and 15 normal nonsmokers as controls. Of the 21 patients, 14 received combination chemotherapy without rhG-CSF (among them, 6 developed pneumonia) and 7 received combination chemotherapy with rhG-CSF (among them, 1 developed pneumonia). We measured peripheral WBC counts, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, plasma elastase alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complex (complex) levels, and complex/WBC values during cancer chemotherapy. In patients who received cancer chemotherapy without rhG-CSF and had no complications (n = 8), WBC values decreased after chemotherapy, and then gradually increased. Complex levels also decreased slightly after chemotherapy and gradually recovered. The value obtained from dividing the complex concentration by WBC count (complex/WBC value) remained stable during cancer chemotherapy. In patients who received cancer chemotherapy with rhG-CSF and had no complications (n = 6), WBC values decreased after chemotherapy, and then rapidly increased to abnormally high values. Complex levels also decreased slightly after chemotherapy and rapidly increased to abnormally high values together with the WBC counts. The complex/WBC values remained stable during cancer chemotherapy. In patients who developed pneumonia during cancer chemotherapy with or without rhG-CSF (n = 7), their complex levels, complex/WBC values, and CRP levels were elevated at the onset of pneumonia. The maximum complex levels (the highest levels during chemotherapy) were significantly higher in patients who received cancer chemotherapy with rhG-CSF and did not develop pneumonia (583.1 +/- 114.5 ng/mL) and in patients who developed pneumonia during cancer chemotherapy (516.7 +/- 113.2 ng/mL), compared with normal nonsmokers (130.2 +/- 5.5, p < 0.01) and patients who received cancer chemotherapy without rhG-CSF and did not develop complications (211.5 +/- 23.3, p < 0.01). The maximum complex/WBC values were not increased in patients who received cancer chemotherapy with rhG-CSF (0.08 +/- 0.01) and patients who received cancer chemotherapy without rhG-CSF (0.092 +/- 0.01, p < 0.01). The maximum complex/WBC values were significantly higher in patients with pneumonia (0.56 +/- 0.12) compared with normal nonsmokers (0.026 +/- 0.002, p < 0.01) and patients without complications. These findings suggest that although rhG-CSF increases total plasma elastase burden, increased release of neutrophil elastase from individual neutrophils does not take place in vivo in the absence of pneumonia.
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PMID:Measurements of plasma elastase alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor complexes in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. 753 56

The authors have studied the efficacy and safety of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF, Granulocyte Injection) on leucopenia and neutropenia induced by chemotherapy with regimen CE (Carboplatin and Etoposide) in lung cancer patients in a randomized, matched and cross-over clinical trial. The total enrolled patients were twenty-two. They were randomized into A and B groups (11 patients in each group). Each patient received two cycles treatment. In group A chemotherapy and rhG-CSF were used in the first cycle and chemotherapy alone was used in the second cycle, while in group B chemotherapy alone was used in the first cycle and chemotherapy and rhG-CSF were used in the second cycle. The results showed that rhG-CSF significantly increased the number of white blood cell (WBC) and absolute neutrophil count (ANC) at the nadir, decreased incidence of leucopenia and neutropenia, and reduced the number of days with WBC < 4.0 x 10(9)/L, ANC < 2.5 x 10(9)/L as well as the number of days with WBC > 4.0 x 10(9)/L and ANC > 2.5 x 10(9)/L. rhG-CSF ensures the completion of chemotherapy and its side-effects were slight.
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PMID:[Clinical study of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (RHG-CSF) on leucopenia induced by chemotherapy with CE regimen on lung cancer patients]. 754 25

A cell line derived from human lung cancer (AOI) was employed in the present study. A panel of cytokines were quantified by ELISA technique following cellular exposure to X-irradiation. Tremendous increase in the levels of both IL-1 alpha and IL-6 were observed, GM-CSF was also detected. A comparison of time kinetics of IL-1 alpha and IL-6 production was made with that of cell cycle progression which was determined by FCM BrdU/DNA bivariate analysis. No cell cycle specific changes were found. The biological implication of radiation-induced cytokine production was discussed.
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PMID:Ionizing radiation-induced IL-1 alpha, IL-6 and GM-CSF production by human lung cancer cells. 780 55


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