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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors investigated the effects of radiation therapy on the immune system by studying lymphocyte subsets and other parameters in 32 patients undergoing radiation therapy for solid cancer. With monoclonal antibody techniques, we studied both T- and B-lymphocytes; cell suspensions were analyzed by means of a Facs Spectrum III Ortho (Ortho-Diagnostic) unit. The first control was performed right after the beginning of radiotherapy, when the dose to the patients was 50 Gy or higher. The second control was performed at 40 Gy because all patients received this dose. 30% of the patients exhibited lymphopenia from the beginning of the study; at 40 Gy the number of T-lymphocytes was low and helper/suppressor ratio was altered. A variable response of B-cells was observed, although all patients exhibited restoration of normal values at 6 months. Four patients only suffered from side-effects: a patient with tongue cancer presented oral mycosis, and a woman--treated for breast cancer--presented vaginal mycosis. Two cases of cystitis were also observed, after 18 Gy, in patients with uterine carcinoma undergoing pelvic irradiation. Disease progression was observed in 2 patients with head and neck cancer, while 3 patients died from lung cancer progression. Another one, with head and neck cancer, died because of heart failure.
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PMID:[Influence of radiotherapy on lymphocyte subpopulations]. 202 47

Tumour markers are often circulating tumour-associated indicators of tumour development. As such they are not suitable for tumour screening and localization, but valuable as adjuncts for medical follow-up care of tumour patients, where their serum level alterations may anticipate the clinical detection of tumour behaviour by a lead time of 1 to 6 months before other methods. The following tumour may be controlled by established markers: endocrine tumours by NSE, calcitonin, parathormone, 5-HIAA, catecholamines/metabolites etc.; head-neck tumours: SCC, CEA; thyroid carcinoma: TG, calcitonin; lung cancer: CEA, NSE, SCC; liver cancer: AFP (PLC), CA 19-9 (cholangiocell.), CEA (secondary): biliary tract and pancreatic cancer: CA 19-9; colorectal carcinoma: CEA, CA 19-9; squamous cell carcinoma (ENT, oesophagus, anal): SCC; breast cancer: CEA and CA 15-3; ovarian cancer: CA 125 (epithelial), CA 19-9 (mucinous); germ cell tumours (ovary including trophoblastic tumours/testes): AFP and HCG; prostatic cancer: PAP and PSA; bladder cancer: TPA.
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PMID:[Clinical relevance of tumor markers]. 267 6

Mediastinoscopy was performed in 470 patients with bronchogenic carcinoma in the ENT Department, Aalborg. The histological diagnoses were 195 squamous cell carcinomas, 149 adenocarcinomas, and 126 anaplastic carcinomas. Metastases in the mediastinal lymph nodes were found in 177 of the 470 patients (38%). Metastatic lymph nodes were found in approximately one fifth of the squamous cell carcinomas, in almost half of the adenocarcinomas, and in about half of the anaplastic carcinomas. The need is emphasized for lymph node biopsy from both right and left tracheobronchial angles and inferior to the bifurcation irrespective of the site of the carcinoma. Contralateral metastasis was found in approximately one third of the cases, and a positive biopsy from the nodes inferior to the bifurcation was found in about 40% of the patients in whom metastasis in the mediastinum were detected. In 10% of the patients, cytological and histological examinations of specimens obtained by bronchoscopy were negative, and the diagnosis of lung cancer was made by mediastinoscopy exclusively. The value of mediastinoscopy was particularly high in the diagnosis of adenocarcinomas.
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PMID:Mediastinoscopy in bronchogenic carcinoma. 280 22

Fifty-four patients with laryngeal cancer and lung cancer were analyzed with regard to histology and localization of the lung cancer, the time interval between the detection of the two tumours and survival. It appeared that most lung tumours were squamous cell carcinomas, half of which were centrally localized and most occurred metachronously in the first 4 years after the laryngeal carcinoma. The survival rate was poor, due to the fact that the bronchial carcinoma usually was found beyond a curative stage. It appears that the present follow-up in laryngeal cancer patients--frequent ENT-examination, yearly chest X-ray examination--is often inadequate for early detection of lung cancer and curative treatment. It might be that by intensifying follow-up in laryngeal cancer patients by bronchoscopy, sputum cytology and more frequent chest X-ray examination, more bronchial carcinomas would be detected in a curative stage.
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PMID:Laryngeal cancer and lung cancer in the same patient: a retrospective study. 337 72

The combination of cancers of the esophagus and of the ENT region has been extensively studied. Strangely enough, only a few cases of associated cancers of the esophagus and of the lung are reported in the literature. The authors report about 38 cases, including 21 with synchronous tumors and 17 with metachronous tumors. The bronchial cancer has always been discovered on systematic search during pre- or postoperative checkups in patients with cancers of the esophagus. Conversely, this search does not seem to have been made in patients with lung cancer: the cancer of the esophagus was always revealed by dysphagia. Double exeresis was performed in 19 patients (50%). There was no postoperative death. The duration and quality of survival were markedly better than in non-operated patients.
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PMID:[Associated cancers of the esophagus and the lung]. 799 4

As only a small proportion of patients presenting with lung cancer can be cured, palliation has a very important place in their treatment. The local effects of lung cancer often entail substantial deterioration of the patient's quality of life. Recent advances in such techniques as laser treatment, brachytherapy, photodynamic therapy and prosthetic stents have enabled important improvements to be made in the control of lung cancer (both primary tumours and metastases). Laser treatment is mainly used to obtain bronchial patency rapidly, but needs to be followed up with other treatments. Photodynamic therapy is confined to the treatment of very small early cancers, but may be curative in such cases. Brachytherapy, the brief introduction of a source of radiation in the bronchi, may be effective both in endobronchial tumours, and in cases where there is compression due to a tumour outside the bronchi. The method can be used repeatedly, even in patients undergoing external beam radiation therapy. Finally, prosthetic stents are increasingly used to maintain bronchial patency, both in malignant and in certain non-malignant diseases. The achievement of optimal results often entails the use of a combination of the various methods, thus necessitating close cooperation between lung specialists, oncologists, radiologists, ENT surgeons and GPs.
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PMID:[Photodynamic therapy, laser therapy, brachytherapy, stents. Local control of lung cancer]. 922 58

In three new approved indications (non Hodgkin's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia) and in three previously existing indications (ovarian cancer, soft tissue sarcomas and osteogenic sarcomas), non comparative trials show that ifosfamide can induce tumour regression in patients who relapse after a first course of chemotherapy (sometimes containing cyclophosphamide). But clinical assessment has not yet formally demonstrated that this leads to a significant increase in survival time and/or quality of life, mainly because of toxicity. In cervical cancer, a new indication, a comparative trial shows higher tumour response rates with the ifosfamide + cisplatin combination than with cisplatin alone. However, the greater toxicity of the combination and the lack of any increase in survival must both be taken into account. In breast cancer and lung cancer comparative trials show no difference in efficacy between cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide, while toxicity may be worse with ifosfamide. Ifosfamide has no specific value in these approved indications. The same applied to ENT cancer, against which ifosfamide seems to have little activity.
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PMID:Ifosfamide: new idications-new dose strength. Limited evidence of effectiveness. 1018 82

Ecteinascidin-743 (ET-743), a tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from the Caribbean tunicate, Ecteinascidia turbinata, is under development by PharmaMar (the pharmaceutical subsidiary of Zeltia), the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and Ortho Biotech, as a potential treatment for several tumor types including breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer and melanoma. It appears to function by DNA minor groove alkylation, which induces topoisomerase I-mediated protein-linked DNA strand breakage [322446]. ET-743 is an analog of ET-729 [169825]. As of February 1999, it was in phase II trials [326363], [326268], [375811] and, in August 2001, PharmaMar expected phase II trials for breast, ovarian and non-small cell lung cancer to be completed by August 2002 [423408]. In June 2001, the EMEA awarded ET-743 Orphan Drug status for the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma [412446]. The orphan medicinal product designation is designed to expedite the registration of pharmaceuticals for life-threatening or debilitating conditions with low prevalence (< 5 per 10,000 in the EU), for which no satisfactory treatment exists. The designation offers the sponsor several incentives, such as centralized procedure review of the Marketing Authorization Application and, upon approval, ten-year marketing exclusivity throughout Europe for the therapeutic indication for which it was granted. PharmaMar is also collaborating with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC); PharmaMar has obtained the worldwide rights to ET-743, amongst other ecteinascidins, from the University of Illinois [177268]. In August 2001, Dresdner Kleinwort Wasserstein predicted total sales, for all ET-743's indications, of $1 million in 2002, rising through $1106 million in 2007 to $2725 million in 2011 [423408].
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PMID:ET-743 (PharmaMar/NCI/Ortho Biotech). 1176 68

There has been growing interest over recent years in the potential preventive role of the Mediterranean diet in the development of cardiovascular disease and cancer. The present study was designed to evaluate the relationship between the components of the Mediterranean diet and lung cancer. A hospital-based, case-control study of lung cancer was conducted on subjects aged 35+ yr living in the Lazio region and admitted to one of the main hospitals in Rome in the period from 1993 to 1996. Cases (n = 342) were patients with newly diagnosed primary lung cancer. Controls (n = 292) were recruited from departments of general surgery, orthopedics, ENT, and general medicine and were frequency matched by sex and age (+/-5 yr) to the cases. Exposure characteristics were obtained by interviewing study subjects. A self-administered food-frequency questionnaire was used. After careful control for several smoking variables, we found a protective effect for high consumption of carrots (odds ratio [OR] = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.42-1.05), tomatoes (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.34-1.03), white meat (OR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.42-1.02), exclusive use of olive oil (OR = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.45-0.99), and regular consumption of sage (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.29-0.65). In a multivariate model, considering all food items simultaneously, the protective effect of exclusive olive oil use and sage remained statistically significant. Our results indicate that some food items typical of the Mediterranean diet are associated with decreased lung cancer risk.
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PMID:The protective effect of the Mediterranean diet on lung cancer. 1292 1

Autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) has been shown to be sensitive to detect preneoplastic lesions in central airways. Apart from bronchial mucosa thickness, tissue autofluorescence is also related to the biochemical properties of the target cells. Genetic studies have shown molecular abnormalities to be present in histologically normal mucosal specimens. Forty-six high-risk individuals, free of micro-invasive cancer at the initiation of the study, were included in this analysis and have been subjected to repeat bronchoscopic examinations every 4-6 months. They had previous curatively treated lung cancer (n=18), ENT tumor (n=11) or were at risk to acquire lung cancer primaries (n=17). Baseline AFB is scored for each suspicious lesion, thus the total score represents the number of AFB suspicious lesions present in each individual at risk. Baseline AFB score was correlated to outcome, i.e. the development of squamous-cell cancer (SCC) in each individual. So far, 11/46 (24%) of the individuals acquired SCC. Follow up has been 12-80 months. All five individuals with >/=3 lesions (100%, 12-36 months), five of the ten (50%, 12-48 months) individuals who had two lesions and one among the 12 (8%, 36 months) individuals with one suspicious AFB lesion, developed SCC. Up till now (12-80 months), the remaining 19 individuals without any suspicious AFB lesion have not acquired SCC. The average AFB score for the group of individuals which developed SCC was significantly different (P<0.001) from the remaining individuals who did not acquire SCC (2.64+/-1.1 vs. 0.6+/-0.7 S.D.). The number of suspicious lesions at baseline AFB is a good predictor for the development of SCC in the individuals at risk in our study population. This finding is compatible with field carcinogenesis and warrants a more upfront use of AFB in a lung cancer screening to sift the different risk-cohorts in a population mainly at risk for developing metachronous lung cancer.
Lung Cancer 2003 Sep
PMID:Multiple suspicious lesions detected by autofluorescence bronchoscopy predict malignant development in the bronchial mucosa in high risk patients. 1292 20


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