Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This analysis indicated that patients with cancer-related pain account for 71.0% in author's material. After the TCM treatment, the effective rate were 91.6% in hepatocarcinoma-related pain; 86.1% in colon-rectal cancer-related pain; 68.2% in malignant lymphoma-related pain; 100% in irradiation-related pain of esophageal cancer, lung cancer, post-operative breast cancer. Results of "four-step analgesic ladder" showed that 52.1% of pain could be relieved by Step I (TCM therapy); if Step II (indomethacin) or III (phenylbutazone) was added, the rate of pain relief reached as high as 96.5%; and only 3.5% need to be treated by Step IV (Opioids). With less side-effects and addiction of opioids and other narcotics, the "four-step analgesic ladder" therapy seems to be more suitable for cancer pain relief in China.
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PMID:[Comprehensive "4-step analgesic ladder" therapy in treating cancer-related pain-analysis of 486 cases]. 130 38

Although reflexes are recognized as protective responses to noxious stimuli, less is known about voluntary behavioral responses to cancer pain, which could provide clinicians with important diagnostic and therapeutic information. Forty-five patients with lung cancer were studied in their homes on 2 occasions to identify pain behaviors and to examine relationships between behaviors and selected variables. Patients completed the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) and Visual Analogue scale (VAS). Using a videotape observation method, patients sat, stood, walked, and reclined for 10 min. Videotapes were scored using 5 position-related and 31 pain-related behavior definitions. Within 3 days scored behaviors were described to patients who reported whether each scored behavior was performed: to express pain; because pain prevented usual behavior; to control pain; or as a habit. Patients reported that pain was controlled by 42 different behaviors; the number of different pain-reduction behaviors was correlated with pain intensity (r = 0.44) and pain quality (r = 0.64). Simultaneous multiple regression indicated that length of time pain was experienced, number of pain sites, pain quality, and pain intensity accounted for 41% of the variance in the number of pain control behaviors. None of the taped behaviors was reported as performed to express pain, and few of the patients reported that pain prevented behavior during the video session. Results clarify the pain-behavior construct, provide insight about the multidimensional nature of lung cancer pain, and suggest directions for behavioral interventions to augment pharmacological therapy for lung cancer pain.
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PMID:Behavior of patients with lung cancer: description and associations with oncologic and pain variables. 148 19

Previous findings in patients with nonmalignant pain indicate a relationship between pain coping strategies and psychological factors. Although coping strategies have been explored in patients with cancer pain, relationships with such factors have not been reported. We wished to examine relationships between selected pain and psychological variables and the use of pain coping strategies. Forty-five patients with pain related to lung cancer indicated how they expressed their pain to others and completed the McGill-Melzack Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Visual Analogue Scale of pain intensity, and the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ). Forty-two percent of the patients reported that they tried not to let others know they had pain, and 40% indicated they told others when they had pain. Preferences for not telling others was associated with more frequent pain coping attempts for all CSQ subscales but those of catastrophizing and reinterpreting pain sensation. State anxiety demonstrated positive correlation with catastrophizing coping strategies (r = 0.48) and negative correlation with ability to control (r = -0.50) and decrease (r = -0.50) pain. The number of pain sites was correlated with coping self-statements (r = 0.34). Pain intensity and state anxiety demonstrated similar relationships. Pain quality as measured with the MPQ demonstrated moderately strong correlation with diverting attention, praying and hoping, catastrophizing, and increased activity. Interventions aimed at reinforcing or expanding a patient's pain coping repertoire should be developed with consideration given to the patient's anxiety level, pain intensity, pain quality, and pain expression preference.
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PMID:Coping strategies of patients with lung cancer-related pain. 180 42

Several animal studies have demonstrated that pain is modulated by spinal mechanisms involving prostaglandins and that acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) administered intrathecally has an analgesic effect. We report our experience of this treatment in 60 patients with proven and advanced cancer. An isobaric solution of lysine acetylsalicylate was administered by lumbar puncture in doses ranging from 120 to 720 mg of ASA. The results were evaluated using the habitual criteria: scoring system, behaviour, consumption of analgesic drugs. In this trial the method proved astonishingly effective (78% of the cases). Analgesia was strong, almost immediate and without influence on motricity. No thermic or neurovegetative changes were noted. The effect of one injection lasted from 3 weeks to 1 month on average; it was reproduced and often more prolonged after a repeat injection. Pain associated with bone metastases seems to constitute the best indication, notably in breast and lung cancer and in myeloma. Visceral (pancreas) or neural pain requires higher doses to respond. Failures (22%) were due to such factors as insufficient dosage at the very beginning of our experience or severe depressive syndrome. The perineal and sphincteral pain of rectal cancer often resists treatment. This simple, inexpensive and very effective method with no other complication than a frequent tendency to fatigue should rank among other analgesic measures in cancer. The lack of respiratory depression is a major advantage over catheter spinal opiate analgesia. We consider that its main indications are pain associated with osteolytic metastases of adenocarcinomas, and myelomas. Owing to the absence of formal toxicological data, its use must be limited to cancer pain and to patients with a life expectancy of less than 2 years.
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PMID:[Chronic refractory pain in cancer patients. Value of the spinal injection of lysine acetylsalicylate. 60 cases]. 295 75

An antero-lateral cordotomy was performed on a 62-year-old man who had been suffering from intractable right chest pain caused by lung cancer. Six hours after the cordotomy a new pain occurred in an analogous part of the body on the opposite side; the intensity increased gradually and it became as severe as the original within 1 week. Reference of sensation from analgesic area of cordotomy to the opposite side of the body was induced by noxious stimuli. Intrathecal phenol block to the nerves conveying the cancer pain abolished the new pain and the reference of sensation from this blocked area, though it remained unchanged in other analgesic areas of cordotomy. This substantiates that the new pain was a reference of the original cancer pain.
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PMID:A mechanism of new pain following cordotomy; reference of sensation. 361 82

Among patients with lung cancer, those having PS 4 ( Performance Status 4) and cancer pain received " Pyrecon ", a psychotropic agent, consisting of promethazine hydrochloride ( Pyrethia ) and chlorpromazine hydrochloride ( Contomin ). A mixture of 125 mg of Pyrethia and 50 mg of Contomin was diluted in 500 ml of regular IV solution and given through the central vein at a rate of 20 ml/hr. Pyrecon was found to be effective in patients with severe cancer pain in whom Brompton cocktail was ineffective. Pyrecon was also effective in patients whose daily life rhythm was unsteady due to insomnia caused by anxiety or unrest. We suggest that Pyrecon is effective in the treatment of cancer pain.
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PMID:[Experience with psychotropic agents Pyrethia and Contomin in the terminal care of lung cancer patients]. 653 98

This study was the first to compare patient and family member perceptions of sensory pain and to describe the relationships between these perceptions and psychological factors in patients with lung cancer and pain. Our findings indicate that family members understand the patient's pain location about 75% of the time; however, family members rarely understand the patient's pain intensity, pain quality, or pain pattern. Our findings also indicate that family members tend to overestimate strategies used by patients to cope with pain, especially in patients with low levels of anxiety and in patients with an internal locus of control. Although findings from this study differ from some previous studies, our study provides additional data to suggest that discrepancies may exist between family member and patient perceptions of the cancer pain experience. Nurses need to be aware of potential discrepancies and to combine assessment information from both patients and family members when developing pain management interventions.
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PMID:Family members' perceptions of cancer pain. Comparisons with patient sensory report and by patient psychologic status. 750 32

We report two cases of a pain syndrome caused by large adrenal metastases in patients with lung cancer. A review of the literature identified 23 previously reported patients with primary lung cancers who appear to have had a similar syndrome, although in none of these cases were other likely causes of the pain syndrome carefully excluded. The syndrome characteristically includes unilateral flank pain but may have abdominal components as well, and has only been reported in patients with large metastases (> or = 5 cm in largest diameter). Although the mechanism by which large adrenal metastases cause the pain syndrome is not clear, we suggest that treatment that includes local anesthetic agents or steroids may be effective. The pain syndrome caused by large adrenal metastases is not included in reviews of cancer pain syndromes but needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with lung cancer and flank or abdominal pain.
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PMID:A pain syndrome associated with large adrenal metastases in patients with lung cancer. 773 Jun 88

Strontium-89 chloride (Metastron) is an FDA-approved treatment for palliation of cancer pain. We evaluated blood count changes and pain relief in 28 patients with widespread painful bony metastasis treated with strontium-89 at the University of Minnesota Hospital and Clinics. Eighteen patients had prostate cancer (all hormone-refractory cancer), seven patients had breast cancer, and three patients had lung cancer, all previously treated with either radiation, chemotherapy, or a combination of the two. Serial blood counts were performed weekly up to 8 weeks and at 12 weeks after administering Metastron. Pain scale and blood values were monitored simultaneously. The mean baselines of hemoglobin (Hgb), white blood count (WBC), and platelets (Plts) were 11.4, 5900, and 258,000, respectively. The mean dose of Metastron was 3 mCi (range 2.2-4.4). The median time (range) to nadir was about 6 weeks. The percentage reductions relative to baseline were 32% (range 0-72%) for WBC; 14% (range 0-50%) for Hgb; 15% (range 0-47%) for the red blood cell (RBC) count; and 40% (range 0-85%)for Plts. We did not find a close relationship among the baseline blood count, reduction of subsequent blood counts, or previously irradiated active bone marrow volume. The median time of survival was 23 weeks (range 2-66 weeks). At 12 weeks, 29% of patients had moderate to dramatic improvement of pain, 32% had some relief of pain, and 50% had no improvement in pain. Thirty-two percent of the treated patients required additional palliative external beam radiation to their bony lesions within the study period. Our results show that Metastron for palliation for bony metastases should be used with caution because of moderate to severe bone marrow toxicity, especially in platelets, associated with its use. Careful evaluation of patients given Metastron is needed to assess accurately its full benefit.
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PMID:Strontium-89 chloride (Metastron) for palliative treatment of bony metastases. The University of Minnesota experience. 861 Jun 30

The therapeutic opioid methadone, used to treat cancer pain and opioid addiction, is also a potent inducer of apoptosis in human lung cancer cells, thereby inhibiting their growth. However, in contrast to its central nervous system (CNS) actions, this effect appears to be mediated through a non-opioid mechanism involving bombesin, an autocrine growth-stimulatory factor that plays a central role in the early events of pulmonary carcinogenesis. Exposure of 'variant' small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-SCLC cells, which secrete low concentrations (< 0.01 pmol/mg protein) of bombesin, to nanomolar concentrations of methadone resulted in increased levels of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphatases and inactivation of MAP kinase, suppression of the bcl-2 protein, and induction of apoptosis. These effects of methadone were reversed by the addition of bombesin to the culture medium, at concentrations of < 1 microM, and 'classic' SCLC cells, which secrete high concentrations of bioactive bombesin (> 6 pmol/mg protein), were found not to respond to methadone. Thus, methadone's effectiveness is dependent upon the concentration of bioactive bombesin secreted by lung cancer cells. Methadone treatment suggests a novel therapeutic approach for patients presenting 'variant' SCLC and non-SCLC morphologies, since they respond less to conventional therapy.
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PMID:Effects of bombesin on methadone-induced apoptosis of human lung cancer cells. 1035 47


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