Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Postoperative lung injury after lung cancer resection is still a difficult problem to be solved. Thrombomodulin (TM) is a membrane-bound glycoprotein of endothelial cells, and its serum level is elevated in patients with acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome. In fact, TM is abundant in the pulmonary capillary vessels. Lung resection reduces the volume of pulmonary capillary vessels; however, the change in the serum levels of TM after lung resection remains to be investigated. We therefore analyzed the postoperative changes in the serum TM levels in 60 patients who underwent thoracotomy without lung resection (n = 3), partial resection of the lung (n = 15), or lobectomy (n = 42). Preoperative and postoperative day-1 laboratory data including the serum levels of TM and KL-6, a sialylated carbohydrate antigen (a biomarker for pulmonary fibrosis), and oxygenation index were collected. Unexpectedly, the postoperative serum levels of TM were lower than preoperative values in lobectomy group, whereas they remained unchanged after thoracotomy without lung resection and after partial resection of the lung. In addition, the serum TM level decreased proportional to the resected lung volume. Eight out of 42 patients with lobectomy presented high postoperative serum levels of TM, and 3 out of these 8 patients presented postoperative impaired oxygenation. Postoperative impaired oxygenation occurred only in patients with elevated TM levels; namely, an increase of serum TM is associated with impaired oxygenation after lung resection. In conclusion, serum TM is a possible biomarker for predicting the occurrence of postoperative lung injury.
 ...
PMID:Serum thrombomodulin as a newly identified biomarker for postoperative lung injury: a prospective observational study. 2299 May 90

Different respiratory manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are not uncommon. We lack sufficient Indian data in this regard. Forty diagnosed cases of SLE were evaluated, to find out the prevalence of respiratory manifestations in SLE, as also to correlate the findings as observed by different diagnostic methods. It was a single centre cross-sectional observational study conducted at rheumatology clinic, IPGME&R, Kolkata. Patients suffering from chronic airways obstruction, upper airway diseases, left ventricular failure and lung cancer were all excluded from the study. After clinical evaluation and routine testing of organ specific parameters, patients underwent spirometry and chest x-ray in all cases and pleural fluid study, pleural biopsy and high resolution CT scan of thorax selectively as required. Mean age at presentation was 26.8 years and female to male ratio was 39:1. Commonest respiratory symptom was dyspnoea and commonest respiratory manifestation was pleural effusion. Pleural effusion was bilateral in 80% of cases. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) was found in 10% of cases presented either subacutely or chronically. High resonance CT was found to be more sensitive to diagnose ILD, as in 50% of ILDs diagnosed by scan, chest x-rays were normal. Pleuropulmonary infections (7.5%) were next most common manifestation and tuberculosis was found to be the commonest cause. Lupus pneumonitis was found in one only (2.5%). Screening lung function test as done by spirometry, could pick up some abnormality in 50% cases and restrictive change was the major abnormality (47%). None showed evidence of bronchial hyper-responsiveness. No case was detected to have neuromuscular disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome or pulmonary thrombo-embolism. All the respiratory manifestations as noted appeared in variable period after the onset of SLE.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of respiratory manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus with special reference to pulmonary interstitial involvement. 2302 44

Both HIV-1 infection and chronic alcohol abuse adversely affect lung health. For example, through multiple mechanisms, chronic alcohol abuse increases one's susceptibility to pneumonia, particularly pneumonia caused by certain serious pathogens. Similarly, pneumonia caused by opportunistic pathogens is very common in HIV-infected patients, at least in part because HIV-1 attacks the immune cells of the lungs and interferes with their functions. Alcohol abuse also increases the risk of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome, a serious acute lung condition; however, the association of this syndrome with HIV-1 infection remains unclear. Chronic lung conditions potentially caused or exacerbated by chronic alcohol abuse include asthma, emphysema, or chronic bronchitis, although the findings to date are equivocal. However, growing evidence indicates that HIV-1 infection increases the risk of chronic pulmonary diseases such as emphysema, lung cancer, and excessive blood pressure in the vessels supplying the lung (i.e., pulmonary hypertension). Both alcohol abuse and HIV infection can impair lung function through various mechanisms, including increasing oxidative stress and enhancing antioxidant deficits, preventing full activation of the lung's immune cells, and contributing to zinc deficiency. However, the interactions between alcohol abuse and HIV-1 infection in contributing to the range of lung disorders have not been studied in detail.
 ...
PMID:Focus on the lung. 2358 63

Lung cancer is a common fatal disease, and fewer than 20% of all lung cancer patients are candidates for a curative resection. Major concerns, however, are the mortality and morbidity rates for pulmonary resection which remain significant.Despite the improvements in surgical techniques and perioperative patient management, postoperative cardiopulmonary complications still occur in 20%-30% of lung cancer surgical patients. Patients undergoing thoracotomy for lung carcinoma present a uniquely high risk group for pulmonary complications in particular. Histories of heavy smoking, chronic lung disease, coexisting medical conditions, and the nature of the procedure contribute. The spectrum of pulmonary complications may range from atelectasis and pneumonia to acute lung injury, with the most severe form being acute respiratory distress syndrome. This review was undertaken to evaluate and discuss major complications in patients undergoing thoracotomy for lung cancer.
 ...
PMID:[Complications in patients undergoing thoracotomy for lung carcinoma]. 2361 Jul 65

Although lung cancer is perceived as a dire diagnosis, increases in the 5-year survival rate of individuals with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have been reported. Survivors, however, continue to be excessively burdened with symptoms such as respiratory distress which interfere with functioning and quality of life. While exercise and physical activity are strongly recommended, NSCLC survivors may be reluctant to participate due to actual or anticipated shortness of breath exacerbated with movement.This quasi-experimental, intervention-only pilot study aimed to determine the effects of an 8-week standardized yoga protocol for Stage I-IIIa NSCLC survivors (n=9). The protocol was developed within the Viniyoga (Hatha) tradition with respiratory experts. Breathing ease, dyspnea, oxygen saturation, and respiratory function were explored in relationship to yoga practice (45-minute sessions once per week and home practice) using repeated-measures analysis. Number of participants reporting dyspnea ranged from 25 to 50% prior to practice with no significant increase during sessions, and moderate decreases noted at times. Oxygen saturation remained high and vital signs stable; forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) values increased significantly over the 14-week study period (p<0.0001). Yoga, with an emphasis on postures coordinated with breathing and meditation practices, offers a potentially feasible and beneficial option that requires further study in this population.
 ...
PMID:Using a standardized Viniyoga protocol for lung cancer survivors: a pilot study examining effects on breathing ease. 2382 33

Lung cancer still remains the leading cause of cancer death among males. Several new methodologies are being used in the everyday practise for diagnosis and staging. Novel targeted therapies are being used and others are being investigated. However; early diagnosis still remains the cornerstone for efficient treatment and disease management. Lung cancer patients requires in many situations intensive care unit (ICU) admission, either due to the necessity for supportive care until efficient disease symptom control (respiratory distress due to malignant pleural effusion) or disease adverse effect management (massive pulmonary embolism). In any case guidelines indicating the patient that has to be intubated have not yet been issued. In the current review we will present current data and finally present an algorithm based on the current published information for lung cancer patients that will probably benefit from admission to the ICU.
...
PMID:Intensive care unit and lung cancer: when should we intubate? 2410 14

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-producing lung cancers are known to cause extreme leukocytosis. However, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by G-CSF-producing lung cancer is extremely rare. We present a case of G-CSF-producing lung cancer with marked leukocytosis, which rapidly led to severe ARDS after the patient developed pneumonia. The present case suggests that extreme leukocytosis may easily lead to ARDS, triggered by infection. Thus, G-CSF-producing lung cancer with marked leukocytosis should be carefully monitored before surgery and during treatment.
...
PMID:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-producing lung cancer and acute respiratory distress syndrome. 2446 Jul 39

Cefepime is a fourth-generation B-lactam cephalosporin, commonly used in immunosuppressed patients. Neurotoxicity, which present as nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), has been reported previously especially in adult patients with impaired renal function. We present a case of cefepime induced NCSE after recovering from acute renal failure. A 71-year-old woman was hospitalized for right lower lobe lobectomy after diagnosis of lung cancer. Although she had successful lobectomy, she underwent several post operative complication including operation site bleeding, acute renal failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and atypical pneumonia. Her renal failure was prerenal type after massive operation site bleeding, and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) were started for renal replacement treatment. After 5 days of renal replacement therapy, her serum creatinine level was much improved from 2.7 mg/dL to 1.33 mg/dL. Cefepime renal dose were started, when atypical pneumonia became resistant to imipenem and vancomycin. After 5th day of cefepime use, the patient became stupor and developed one episode of brief generalized myoclonic seizure. Her electroencephalograph (EEG) revealed 2-3 Hz generalized sharp and with impression of NCSE, she was started on anti-epileptic treatment. Clinical symptoms improved 3 days after discontinuation of cefepime. She was than diagnosed with cefepime induced non convulsive status epilepticus. Anti-epileptic treatments were than discontinued uneventfully. Awareness of the potential neurotoxic clinical manifestations of various antibiotics and high degree of vigilance in critically ill patients is essential in identifying a potentially serious though reversible complication of antibiotic therapy.
...
PMID:Cefepime- Induced Non-Convulsive Status Epilepticus (NCSE). 2464 71

The incidence of lung cancer is rising in pregnancy, which is diagnosed on stage III-IV in 98%. Almost half of these patients are non-smokers, who are associated with more epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutated lung cancer. As cytotoxic chemotherapy is associated with poor outcome for mothers and prematurity for children this will probably lead to repeatedly question the use of EGFR-Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) (i.e. gefitinib and erlotinib) during pregnancy for EGFR-mutated lung cancer. EGFR-TKIs are recommended as the first line targeted therapy in case of advanced non small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) with an activating EGFR mutation but not recommended during pregnancy due to lack of data. We report clinical and pharmacological data for gefitinib during pregnancy in both the mother and fetus and resume the literature on the subject. A 33-year-old pregnant mother exhibited a disseminated EGFR-mutated lung carcinoma with respiratory distress at 26 weeks of pregnancy. Gefitinib administration was associated with rapid maternal respiratory improvement allowing a planned cesarian section on week 35, giving birth to a healthy baby (2575g) with regular development at 24 months of follow-up. The mother exhibited a progression-free survival of 42 weeks with an overall survival of 22 months. Gefitinib residual concentration was found in cord blood at 25.7ng/mL, confirming a transplacental transfer, but at only 20% of the maternal concentration measured at the same time (i.e. 127.1ng/mL). Gefitinib concentration in amniotic fluid, which represents chronic fetal exposure to the drug, was also 20% of the maternal residual concentration (16.9ng/mL) and reflected no fetal accumulation of the drug, despite both long half time elimination of gefitinib (i.e. 48h) and long time exposure (i.e. 55 days). This low transplacental transfer is an important report, as potential side effect toxicity on the fetus is likely correlated to gefitinib blood concentration.
Lung Cancer 2014 Sep
PMID:Efficacy and safety of gefitinib during pregnancy: case report and literature review. 2499 32

Endoscopic low (Photodynamic therapy (PDT)) or high (vaporization) power laser treatment has been recognized as a lung-sparing local therapeutic modality that can achieve remarkable responses. This paper reviews the experience of our institution since 1978 in the treatment of lung cancer using laser. Endoscopic ablation of tracheobronchial malignancies is mainly intended to reduce respiratory distress and improve quality of life. Effective results were obtained in 143 (81%) of the 177 lesions. PDT is extremely attractive and has been used for the various purposes. In the curative PDT for centrally located early stage lung cancer, complete response (CR) rate was achieved in 86.4% (165 out of 191 lesions). Overall 5-year survival rate was 57.6% and the lung cancer specific 5-year survival rate was 92.5%. With regard to palliative PDT to opening obstructed bronchi in advanced cases, more than 50% opening of the obstruction was accomplished in 75%. Preoperative PDT was performed in 32 patients with lung cancer for the purpose of either reducing the extent of resection or increasing operability. The initial purpose of PDT was achieved in 27 of 32 patients treated. Conversion to an operable condition was achieved in 4 of 5 originally inoperable cases. In 23 of 27 patients who were originally candidates for pneumonectomy, it became possible to reduce the extent of resection to lobectomy or sleeve lobectomy. PDT could be used to treat peripheral tiny lung cancers safely and without unacceptable effects on surrounding tissue. The authors believe that PDT has a great potential and will achieve further development in the future.
...
PMID:Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of lung cancer: experience of the Tokyo Medical University. 2504 64


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>