Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gemcitabine is used to treat solid tumours such as non small-cell lung cancer. In general, it is a well tolerated cytotoxic agent and myelosuppression is the major dose limiting side-effect. Pulmonary toxicity has been described and dyspnoea occurs in approximately 8% of patients in whom, for the majority, it is mild and reversible. But several cases of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) related to Gemcitabine treatment have been reported since 1997 and a few were fatal. We present a case of Gemcitabine toxicity in a patient treated for a lung cancer. He presented with a respiratory distress syndrome due to acute interstitial pneumonitis from which he promptly recovered with corticosteroid therapy.
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PMID:[Severe interstitial pneumonitis related to Gemcitabine]. 1247 53

Amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity has been described mostly in patients receiving large doses of the drug over prolonged periods. In this report, we describe the early onset of acute pulmonary toxicity leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome after a short course of amiodarone treatment following middle-lobe non-small-cell lung cancer resection.
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PMID:Acute amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity following lung resection. 1291 54

Pulmonary gene therapy offers the hope of treatment for conditions such as cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, pulmonary fibrosis and acute respiratory distress syndrome for which current therapy is inadequate. Although initial clinical trials in cystic fibrosis and non-small cell lung cancer have shown promise the results have not been as good as might have been anticipated. However, clinical improvement has been demonstrated in conditions such as haemophilia [82], cardiovascular disease [83], head and neck cancer [84] and X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency disease [85]. The lack of success of pulmonary gene therapy is due, in part on the physical barriers to transfection perfected by the lung to prevent toxicity from inhaled particles, and partly due to the poor transfection efficiency of non-viral systems, and the immunogenicity of viral systems, of gene transfer. The LID vector goes some way to addressing the problems associated with current gene delivery strategies. With continued improvements in the properties of both viral and non-viral gene delivery systems leading to improved transfection efficiency with reduced toxicity, as well as the development of strategies aimed at reducing the physical barriers to pulmonary transfection, and targeting gene delivery systems to the site of injury, it is likely that pulmonary gene therapy will be used successfully to ameliorate a number of devastating pulmonary conditions.
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PMID:Pulmonary gene therapy. Realistic hope for the future, or false dawn in the promised land? 1453 78

The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) transcription factor plays a key role in the induction of pro-inflammatory gene expression, leading to the synthesis of cytokines, adhesion molecules, chemokines, growth factors and enzymes. Results of studies in in vitro and in vivo models of inflammation and malignancy have also suggested central roles for NF-kappaB in programmed cell death, or apoptosis. NF-kappaB plays a central role in a variety of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. In the common lung diseases associated with a significant inflammatory component such as severe sepsis, acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cystic fibrosis and asthma, the pathogenic roles of NF-kappaB have been extensively investigated. In COPD, activation of NF-kappaB has been implicated in disease pathogenesis but its exact role is less clearly demonstrable in this heterogeneous patient population. However, the principal risk factor for COPD, cigarette smoking, is strongly associated with NF-kappaB activation. Activation of NF-kappaB has been demonstrated in mineral dust diseases and probably plays a role in the pathogenesis of these chronic illnesses. NF-kB also plays a variety of roles in lung cancer including resistance to chemotherapy, inhibition of tumorigenesis and inducing expression of antiapoptotic genes. The complex NF-kappaB pathway offers a variety of potential molecular targets for chemotherapeutic intervention. A variety of agents aimed at modulating NF-kappaB activity are in various stages of investigation.
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PMID:The role of nuclear factor kappa B in the pathogenesis of pulmonary diseases: implications for therapy. 1472 3

The development of a successful gene therapy has many stages, including preclinical testing in animal models and proof of principle clinical studies. A variety of diseases affect the lung, which are candidates for gene therapy; this review will mainly focus on the diseases that have attracted the most attention and have therefore yielded the most progress, namely lung cancer and the monogenic disorder cystic fibrosis. Knowledge gained from clinical studies could eventually be applied to more complex lung conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and asthma. In addition, increased gene transfer efficiencies could be obtained by appropriate selection of the gene transfer vector and mode of delivery.
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PMID:The development of gene therapy for diseases of the lung. 1477 Feb 98

Drug-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) is not uncommon, with diverse patterns ranging from benign infiltrates to the potentially fatal acute respiratory distress syndrome. As acute respiratory failure due to drug-associated ILD has an unpredictable onset and rapid time course, establishing a diagnosis is often difficult. An accurate diagnosis is based on clinical, radiological (including high-resolution computed tomography) and histological manifestations, although is often only possible by exclusion. Cancer chemotherapy is commonly associated with acute disease that, on pathology, is often diffuse alveolar damage. Furthermore, a combination of drugs with or without radiotherapy can increase the risk of ILD. This article reviews treatments for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that are associated with the development of ILD and how systematic evaluation of the possible role of these drugs in ILD is warranted. A difference between Japan and the rest of the world in reporting rates of ILD when gefitinib ('Iressa') has been used in advanced NSCLC is also discussed. However, the difference remains unexplained, leaving important epidemiological and mechanistic questions.
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PMID:Interstitial lung disease associated with drug therapy. 1534 Mar 74

A left lower lobectomy was successfully performed in a lung cancer patient with anatomical variation in which the left superior and inferior pulmonary veins were connected to the left atrium after forming an extrapericardial single trunk. This variation is surgically important because ligation and division of the left inferior pulmonary vein may result in blockage of upper lobe vein drainage at the time of a left lower lobectomy. The ligation of the pulmonary vein leads to severe lung edema, which may cause infection, respiratory distress, or postoperative complications that could be life-threatening. Surgeons must always pay attention to this variation when performing a left lower lobectomy.
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PMID:[Lung cancer with an extrapericardial single trunk as the left pulmonary vein; report of a case]. 1546 53

Nocardia farcinica is an emerging pathogen in immunocompromised patients, accounting for approximately 20% of Nocardia clinical isolates in various countries. A case of fatal N. farcinica bacteremia in a 52-year-old man with lung cancer is described. He was admitted with severe respiratory distress, and despite the early onset of empirical antibiotic treatment, he failed to respond and died of septic shock 24 hours later. N. farcinica was isolated from blood cultures obtained at hospital admission and was identified by conventional methods. Strain identification was confirmed by nucleotide sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. N. farcinica bacteremia is a life-threatening infection. Because of the actinomycete's highly-resistant antibiotic profile, early identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing are necessary to improve the chances of survival.
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PMID:Fatal Nocardia farcinica bacteremia in a patient with lung cancer. 1547 24

Hypersensitivity reaction (HSR) is still a major concern during cancer chemotherapy with paclitaxel. In the present study, we investigated retrospectively the incidence of HSRs to paclitaxel and the risk factors in 105 patients (553 courses) who received adjuvant chemotherapy (paclitaxel and carboplatin) for ovarian cancer. Moderate to severe HSRs that led to cessation or discontinuation of the chemotherapy, including respiratory distress and hypotension, were observed in 14 patients (13.3%) and 16 courses (2.9%), regardless of the use of conventional premedication with glucocorticoid, and histamine H(1) and H(2) antagonists. The incidence of HSRs to paclitaxel in patients with ovarian cancer seemed to be considerably higher than those reported by other investigators in patients with other carcinomas such as non-small-cell lung cancer and breast cancer. Four risk factors were identified: (1) history of mild dermal reactions such as facial flushing and urticaria in previous courses, (2) presence of respiratory dysfunction, (3) obesity (body mass index >25), and (4) postmenopausal at the time of ovariectomy. The incidence of hypersensitivity increased linearly as the number of risk factors increased (r=0.992, P=0.008). It is likely that disappearance of the estrous cycle facilitates the occurrence of HSRs to paclitaxel.
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PMID:Incidence and risk factors for paclitaxel hypersensitivity during ovarian cancer chemotherapy. 1579 61

Bochdalek hernia is a common congenital anomaly in neonatal patients with risky respiratory distress and high mortarity, but can be seen in adults. A case of left-sided adult Bochdalek hernia with right lung cancer is reported. A 71-year-old female had been performed radition therapy for lung cancer in the right lower lobe. She was admitted to our hospital due to advanced lung cancer and pneumonia. On the 7th day after admission, she felt dyspnea and abdominal distention due to herniation of the stomach through the posterolateral defect of the diaphragma into the left hemithorax. Her condition did not allow us a radical surgery of Bochdalek hernia, so that we performed a palliative surgery, that is reduction of the stomach and gastrostomy. After surgery, her respiratory distress was lightened and she came to be able to ingest. She was less uncomfortable until she died due to progression of the lung cancer.
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PMID:[Left-sided adult Bochdalek hernia with right lung cancer; report of a case]. 1582 56


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