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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Malignant neoplasms are responsible for more than half a million deaths annually and 22.5% of all deaths in the United States. Cancer is the second leading cause of death overall and the leading cause of death among Americans aged 35-64. Within the next decade it may become the leading cause of death. Cancers of digestive and respiratory organs are responsible for 53% of all cancer deaths. Certain subgroups are at elevated risk for various cancers. For example, sun-sensitive or excessively sun-exposed young white adults, young black women, and elderly patients are at increased risk for cutaneous melanoma, breast cancer, and colon cancer, respectively. Black men have the greatest risk for both lung cancer and cancer of the prostate. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia and solid tumors of the brain and nervous system are the most frequent forms of malignancy occurring among children less than or equal to 14 years. Office screening is the traditional method for identifying cancer victims as early as possible. A suitable screening test should be rapid, simple, inexpensive, and impose minimal discomfort. There must be a window of opportunity available to identify the cancer during a detectable preclinical phase, and therapeutic modalities must be available to alter progression. An office screening test for cancer may have any one of four outcomes, and three of them are bad. False negatives are the worst adverse outcome because cancer remains undetected despite screening. An epidemic of lung cancer, caused by cigarette smoking, is occurring in all race and sex groups. If Americans stopped smoking, 87% of lung cancer deaths could be prevented. Tobacco abuse also is a major risk factor for cancer of the esophagus, larynx, and oral cavity. Cigarette smoking is a contributing factor for cancer of the bladder, kidney, and pancreas, and it has been associated with both cervical cancer and cancer of the stomach. Smoking and smokeless tobacco cessation endorsements, messages, and programs must be part of routine disease prevention and health promotion activities in every primary care practice. More than 1 million Americans became new cancer victims last year, and more than 1 million additional cases will be detected this year. Because of the striking variability in state and regional patterns of various forms of cancer, geographic location of a practice may influence the frequency of cancers seen. Four sites (breast, prostate, lung, colon, and rectum) were responsible for 55% of cancer mortality and 56% of all new cases of cancer detected during 1991.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Epidemiology of cancer in the United States. 141 56

The efficacy and safety of intrapleural LC9018 (Yakult Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) with or without doxorubicin (Adriamycin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH) were evaluated in a randomized, controlled trial performed in 95 patients with malignant pleural effusions secondary to lung cancer. Seventy-six patients were eligible for the assessment of efficacy. The response rate for treatment with intrapleural doxorubicin plus LC9018 (38 patients) was 73.7%, which was significantly higher than the response rate of 39.5% for the control group treated with doxorubicin alone (38 patients) (P less than 0.01). The LC9018 group also showed a significantly greater improvement in performance status (PS) and symptoms (chest pain, chest discomfort, and anorexia) than the control group (P less than 0.05). A significant prolongation of survival was noticed in the LC9018 group (P less than 0.05). The main side effects of LC9018 were fever and transient hepatic dysfunction, but there were no serious adverse reactions. These results suggest that the intrapleural instillation of LC9018 can be recommended for the treatment of malignant pleural effusions.
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PMID:A comparative trial of LC9018 plus doxorubicin and doxorubicin alone for the treatment of malignant pleural effusion secondary to lung cancer. 189 48

To determine the presence of chest wall and mediastinal invasion by lung cancer and to establish the origin of chest tumors, we studied 12 patients with intrathoracic tumors by using chest CT combined with artificial pneumothorax. Six patients had primary lung cancer, two had metastases, and one each had neurofibroma, pericardial cyst, chondroma of the rib, and malignant mesothelioma. All 12 tumors abutted the chest wall or mediastinum and could not be separated by conventional CT. Between 400 and 800 ml of air was injected into the pleural space before a second CT scan was obtained. No invasion was found at surgery in cancers that were separated from chest wall or mediastinum on CT scans. Surgery revealed chest wall invasion in three patients in whom the CT scans showed that the tumor was not separated from the chest wall. Only one patient with a tumor that was not separated from the mediastinum on CT did not have mediastinal invasion: in this case, only adhesions were found at surgery. Thus, in the eight patients with primary lung cancer and metastasis, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 100%, 80%, and 88%, respectively. In four patients with mediastinal or pleural tumor, CT combined with pneumothorax was useful for establishing the origin of tumors. In all, 11 of the 12 patients were correctly evaluated by using this method. No complications occurred, except for mild chest discomfort in one patient. This study suggests that chest CT combined with artificial pneumothorax is useful for the evaluation of the extension of lung cancer into the chest wall and mediastinum and for the diagnosis of the site of origin of intrathoracic tumors.
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PMID:Chest CT combined with artificial pneumothorax: value in determining origin and extent of tumor. 200 29

We examined the quality of life in the arterial infusion chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma patients using a questionnaire. The questionnaire used a category scale method of five grades. The questions about the quality of life covered ten areas for investigation (appetite, discomfort pain, nausea, daily activities, sleep, fatigue, time with family and friends, thinking about illness and confidence in the treatment). We added up scale points after one week and those after two weeks after the treatment. Patients after one-shot infusion showed aggravated scale points of anorexia and discomfort. Patients after transcatheter arterial embolization showed scale points of abdominal pain, general fatigue and discouragement about illness. Scale points in matters of thinking about illness and confidence in the treatment informed us about confidence in the course of treatment and comprehension of illness by cancer patients. How do we measure the quality of our care? This is difficult, but we thought the rate of being at home in survival might furnish us with much information in respect to the treatment and the quality of our care. In 36 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transcatheter arterial infusion and embolization, the arithmetic mean survival time after treatment was 412.1 days and time at home was 305.6 days. The rate of being at home doing survival time was 74.2% after the arterial infusion chemotherapy in 39 patients. The rate of being at home in 9 cases with one-shot infusion of Adriamycin was 43.5% (111 days); that in 9 cases with infusion of Mitomycin C microcapsules was 86.6% (716 days); that in 17 cases with transcatheter arterial embolization using spongel was 72.0% (234 days),; and that in 4 cases with infusion using implantable reservoir was 84.6% (220 days). In non-resected patients with chemotherapy, the rate of being at home was 20.3% for 61 cases of gastric cancer patients, 30.7% for 11 cases of colon cancer, 9.6% for 14 cases of gallbladder cancer and 39.8% for 112 cases of lung cancer. The arterial infusion and embolization of hepatocellular carcinoma has made it possible to lengthen the time that patients may stay home and thereby assure good quality of life.
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PMID:[Evaluation of quality of life in arterial infusion chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma]. 216 36

A group of patients with serious chronic diseases of the chest (n = 18) travelled from northern Norway to Yugoslavia for treatment (approximately four hours air travel and 16 hours total travel). The group included patients with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sequelas after tuberculous disease and resections for lung cancer. Minute lung function tests were performed before departure. SaO2 was monitored by pulsoximetri during the flight. All patients experienced a fall in SaO2 during the flight. Patients with restrictive pulmonary disease or combined restrictive/obstructive disease fell significantly lower than the rest of the group (p less than 0.001), and they experienced serious discomfort. Recommendations for minimum lung functions are FEV1 greater than 1.0 liter, PaOa greater than 9.3 kPa and PCO2 less than 7.0 kPa.
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PMID:[Experiences of pulmonary disease on jet planes]. 233 47

In order to gain insight into the quality of life from a patient perspective, individuals with cancer receiving home nursing care were given diaries to record the occurrence of health problems. On the average, health problems were reported on 35% of the recording days. Concerns related to somatic discomfort accounted for 76% of all health problems reported. Overall, digestive problems were the most commonly reported category of health problems. Those with lung cancer reported the highest average number of health problems per person (means = 9.3) and the greatest diversity of problems during the recording period. The results also suggest a common core of health problems important to cancer patients, with the relative importance of these problems varying by cancer diagnosis.
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PMID:The diary as a means of understanding the quality of life of persons with cancer receiving home nursing care. 235 28

The effects of lung resection on exercise capacity and perception of symptoms were studied in 47 patients aged 39-73 (mean 58.3) years. Twenty had a pneumonectomy and 27 a lobectomy, all for lung cancer. Forced expiratory volume, maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures, and progressive maximal one minute incremental cycle ergometer exercise performance were measured before and after surgery. Breathlessness and leg discomfort were assessed with a modified Borg scale (0-10). Mean FEV1 decreased from 79% (SD 22%) to 53% (11%) of the predicted value after pneumonectomy and from 89% (22%) to 74% (18%) after lobectomy. Exercise capacity, measured as the highest work load completed, Wmax, decreased from 78% (25%) to 58% (28%) predicted in the pneumonectomy group and from 77% (21%) to 67% (20%) in the lobectomy group. There was only a weak relation between changes in FEV1 and changes in Wmax (r = 0.54, r2 = 0.30). The slope of the relation between the intensity of dyspnoea and work load or the intensity of dyspnoea and ventilation increased significantly after pneumonectomy, but not after lobectomy. Leg discomfort increased more rapidly when related to work load after both pneumonectomy and lobectomy. After resection dyspnoea was rarely the only limiting factor at maximal exercise. It is concluded that (1) change in FEV1 is a poor predictor of change in exercise capacity after lung resection; (2) pneumonectomy results in a 25% decrease in Wmax and in an appreciable increase in dyspnoea during exercise; (3) lobectomy has little or no effect on Wmax or the intensity of postoperative dyspnoea; (4) after both pneumonectomy and lobectomy leg discomfort makes an important contribution to exercise limitation.
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PMID:Effects of lung resection on pulmonary function and exercise capacity. 239 30

We evaluated the method of active specific intralymphatic immunization to treat cancer in 32 patients with various tumor types as part of a broad-based phase I-II evaluation and describe the results of 3 sequential series. In series 1, the patients (n = 13) received 2 or more injections of autologous, cryopreserved, irradiated tumor cells directly into the lymphatic system through the cannulation of a dorsal pedal lymphatic channel. In series 2, the patients (n = 7) received low-dose cyclophosphamide, 300 mg per m2, 3 days before the autologous cell vaccine was administered. Series 3 (12 patients) was similar to series 2 except that the tumor cells were treated with cholesteryl hemisuccinate immediately before irradiation. Patients received from 2 to 6 injections of cells, depending on availability, at 2-week intervals. In all, 91 treatments are evaluated in this study. Clinical responses occurred in 7 of the 32 patients and were seen in all 3 series with about the same frequency. These responses occurred in cases of melanoma, lung cancer, colon cancer, and sarcoma. Regressions occurred in both visceral and subcutaneous sites. There was little toxicity, the chief side effect being local discomfort or inflammation. This experience indicates that active specific intralymphatic immunotherapy is safe, produces antitumor effects, and requires more investigation to increase the frequency and duration of observable tumor regression.
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PMID:Clinical responses with active specific intralymphatic immunotherapy for cancer--a phase I-II trial. 258 64

Lonidamine was studied in advanced cancer patients. The drug was given orally by single or repeated administrations. Single doses ranged from 150 to 450 mg. Repeated administrations were performed with progressively increasing doses: 450-900 mg daily. Lonidamine lacked severe toxic effects after both single and prolonged administrations. The most common side effect was myalgia; gastrointestinal discomfort was also reported. 1 patient with lung cancer experienced an episode of arrhythmia which subsided upon discontinuation of treatment and did not reoccurr++ when treatment was reinstated. 1 partial and 2 minor responses were observed in the 6 patients with breast cancer.
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PMID:Early observations on the administration of Lonidamine in cancer patients. 671

Bronchography is not routinely done. We analyzed the state of bronchography with questionnaires returned from 57 hospitals. Bronchography is now done at 30 hospitals. The number done in 1992 ranged from 1 to 27 (median 3). Peripheral lung cancer and bronchiectasis were the two most frequent diseases for which bronchography was done. In other hospitals, bronchography was once done, but had been stopped. Two reasons for discontinuation of bronchography are: recent progress in radiographic diagnostic techniques such as high resolution CT, and discomfort of the patient. Now that propyliodone is no longer available, some hospitals may use iopydol-iopydone or iopamidol instead. It is necessary to elucidate the true need for bronchography and for an appropriate contrast medium to take the place of propyliodone.
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PMID:[Survey of the state of bronchography in Japan]. 773 Nov 15


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