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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have tried to present a comprehensive survey of present-day management of hemorrhoids, fistulae and fissures, be it in the office or in the hospital. There is great socioeconomic pressure lately for cost-containment, which is apt to effect better medical judgment in the selection of type and place of management. Minor operations can and should be done, as always, on an outpatient basis. General anesthesia is not a minor matter and hemorrhoidectomy is not a minor operation. The major function of outpatient service in the management of anal disease is that of accurate and comprehensive diagnosis. Hundreds of patients come to us only because they fear cancer and it is not enough for us to hunt for and treat the vague little disorders of which they complain. The incidence of cancer of the colon rectum in this country just recently has slightly surpassed that of lung cancer. Adjuvant treatments (e.g., chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and their combinations) are promising but still in the investigational stage. Early diagnosis is our finest weapon with subsequent surgical management. The challenge and responsibility for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer is ours alone. We must first recognize it and then meet it firmly and squarely. We must feel for (digital rectal), look for (sigmoidoscopy), and search for (barium enema x-ray examination) colorectal cancer in all of our patients regardless of the insignificance of anal symptoms and anal findings. Our countrymen fear cancer. We have the devices to allay their fears or to cure their cancers if they are found early enough. We have a straightforward moral commitment and a national trust.
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PMID:Hemorrhoids, fistulae and fissures: office and hospital management--a critical review. 73 38

In 3-cases in which lung cancer had occurred in the right upper lobe bronchus and had infiltrated the carina, the right upper lobe (including the lower part of the trachea, the carina, and the right main bronchus) was resected, and a new carina was created by anastomosing the trachea with the left main bronchus and the right intermediate trunk. Surgical techniques and the method for anesthesia were described in these 3 cases. To evaluate the function of the reconstructed trachea and bronchus, we made cinebronchograms at the high speed of 100 or 150 frames per second. This bronchographic movie film helped us to determine the state of the reconstructed trachea and bronchus.
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PMID:Resection of cancer of lung and carina. 85 57

The authors report the data on changes in peripheral circulation, depending on the kind of anesthesia, the amount of operative blood loss, alterations in circulating blood volume and localization of tumor in patients with cancer of the lung, esophagus and cardia. Totally, 35 patients (15--lung cancer, 10--esophageal cancer, 10--cancer of the cardia) were explored. In 25 cases fluothane was used as the main anesthetic, in 10--neuroleptanalgesia. The state of peripheral circulation was estimated by the period semielimination of radioactive xenon-133 from the muscle depot. It was found that alterations in peripheral circulation were not dependent on tumor localization, the use of fluothane and neuroleptanalgesia is associated with similar changes in peripheral blood flow and, finely, an increased loss of blood results in more pronounced alterations in peripheral circulation.
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PMID:[Changes of peripheral blood flow in patients with cancer of the lungs, esophagus and cardia under the effect of anesthesia and surgery]. 96 62

Lung cancer is rarely diagnosed and treated while still localized. Sputum cytology allows detection of radiologically occult tumors but conventional endoscopic procedures frequently prove inadequate for localization. It is the purpose of this report to outline the endoscopic observations and methods we have developed in successfully localizing 17 consecutive, radiologically occult carcinomas discovered in the sputum of 15 patients. A detailed examination of the upper respiratory tract demonstrated occult tumors in two patients. A segment by segment fiberbronchoscopic study under anesthesia allows multiple brushings and meticulous handling of specimens. Lesion localization is provided as well as identification of synchronous second primary tumors. Biopsies at the lobar spur and carina assist in determining the proximal extent of carcinoma in situ at potential surgical margins. Newer methods should enhance our recognition of inapparent carcinoma in situ allowing more efficient and more accurate tumor localization and a better appreciation of its extent.
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PMID:New horizons in lung cancer diagnosis. 124 75

Resection surgery for lung cancer is beset with specific or non-specific complications which often darken the prognosis for life. The specific complications, related to surgical dissections, are mainly per- and postoperative haemorrhages of various origins and, less frequently, disturbances in respiration, nerve wound or chylothorax. Soon after pneumonectomy a bronchial fistula encouraged by different factors may appear (3.3% of the cases) and empyema, usually caused by staphylococci, may develop (3%). Non-specific complications may disturb the post-resection period, involving the lungs (atelectasia, parenchymal infections, acute respiratory failure) or the cardiovascular system (pulmonary embolism, dysarrhythmia). The overall perioperative mortality rate has decreased with time owing to advances in anaesthesia and intensive care: in the hands of certain medico-surgical teams it does not exceed 3%. It is significantly lower in lobar (mean: 4.5%) than in pulmonary (mean: 8.4%) resections. Enlarged resections and lymph node dissections are aggravating factors. Patients aged 70 or more do not tolerate these operations so well: their mean overall mortality rate is twice that observed in younger patients (8% on average and up to 20%). Resection surgery for lung cancer remains a necessarily hazardous procedure but is the only treatment that can cure the patient. Its success is directly conditioned by a good preoperative risk evaluation.
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PMID:[Complications and mortality of surgery for bronchogenic cancers]. 130 84

Thirty-one patients with recurrences of locally advanced Stage III lung cancer were treated with high dose rate brachytherapy. All patients had previously received a full course external beam irradiation. All treatments were performed under topical anaesthesia and took 6-14 min depending on the strength of the Iridium-192 source. The high dose rate brachytherapy was calculated as 10 Gy at one cm from the source axis for each session and this was repeated every 2 weeks to a maximum of three sessions. All treatments were well tolerated and no immediate treatment related complications were observed. Response evaluation 6 weeks after high dose rate brachytherapy showed that there was a partial response in 22 patients and nine patients were non-responders. Median survival was 7 and 3 months, respectively. All non-responders had initially presented with a T4N3 tumor. Ten patients died because of fatal pulmonary hemorrhages 2-24 weeks after brachytherapy and three others died because of a bronchial fistula. Endobronchial brachytherapy appears to be a valuable treatment alternative for local palliation. However, the relatively high number of complications at follow-up warrants further investigation to establish the optimal benefit to be derived from high dose rate brachytherapy treatment of locally advanced Stage III tumors.
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PMID:High dose rate brachytherapy in patients with local recurrences after radiotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer. 138 78

A retrospective study of one decade of rib biopsy in four hospitals in Nashville, Tenn, showed 61 biopsies were done in 60 patients. The typical patient was a male in his seventh decade. Preferred operative technique was open biopsy with general anesthesia. One half of the patients had metastatic malignancy; most of the known primary tumors were lung cancer. About one fifth of specimens were normal ribs. Biopsy was done in nine of these because of false-positive scintigraphy. Accurate preoperative chest wall localization is critical in order to minimize intraoperative decision-making problems. Yield of rib biopsy should be increased by more careful clinical observation, including critical evaluation of bone scans, avoiding overinterpretation of physical findings and observing for healing of possible rib fractures.
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PMID:A study of rib biopsy. 825

We reported a case of coronary spasm during the operation for lung cancer. A 72-year-old man underwent left upper lobectomy for lung cancer under general anesthesia with the aid of thoracic epidural anesthesia. Preoperative examinations did not reveal any clinical problems in the past. Hypotension and premature ventricular beats were observed for several times during operation due to the compression of the heart and left pulmonary artery by the surgeon's hands in stopping brisk bleeding. After this event, ST-segment of ECG was elevated abruptly. Intravenous administration of nitroglycerin was effective to relieve the coronary spasm in this case. Possible triggering factors were mechanical injury of the coronary artery due to compression of the heart, vagal stimuli under thoracic epidural anesthesia and alpha-stimulating drugs to treat hypotension. The importance of preoperative evaluation of coronary lesions, perioperative treatments with nitrates and calcium-channel blockers, and avoidance of intraoperative triggering factors are emphasized to prevent the coronary spasm.
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PMID:[A case of coronary spasm during the operation for lung cancer]. 143 82

Expandable metallic stents were successfully introduced in 7 patients, including 4 with left main bronchial stenosis caused by bronchopulmonary tuberculosis, 2 with main bronchial stenosis caused by lung cancer and one with tracheal stenosis caused by adenoid cystic carcinoma. The length of stenosis was 1.5-5 cm. The stents were 1.5-2.5 cm long with barbs, and their full expanded diameter was 1.5 cm. Balloon dilatation was performed before stenting in all cases. The stents were inserted by using a 10-12 Fr catheter. In all patients except the one with tracheal stenosis, stents were introduced under local anesthesia without any difficulties. No migration of stents occurred. After stent placement, there were no respiratory difficulties, and radionuclide lung perfusion scan and chest radiographic findings such as lung atelectasis showed marked improvement in three cases. Combined therapy of stent placement and bronchial arterial infusion chemotherapy showed marked effectiveness in one case with lung cancer. Expandable metallic stents were very useful in eliminating tracheobronchial stenosis symptoms.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of stent placement for tracheal and bronchial stenosis]. 150 31

A 72-year-old woman was admitted for cough and dyspnea. Bronchofiberscopy examination revealed lung cancer at the right main bronchus. Plain chest X-ray and chest CT revealed that the tumor had invaded to the mediastinum and esophagography demonstrated stenosis of the thoracic esophagus without fistula. Because pulmonary resection was contraindicated, chemotherapy for lung cancer was initiated. Complete response was noted, but an esophago-pleural fistula developed as a consequence of chemotherapy. After intrathoracic tube drainage, a permanent endoesophageal tube was inserted through a small incision in the stomach under general anesthesia. However, it migrated into the thoracic empyema after 4-postoperative days. Because the lung cancer was well-controlled, a second operation to reconstruct the esophagus was performed without resection of the thoracic esophagus or fistula. After the operation, thoracic empyema was washed out with povidone iodine and pure alcohol. The chest tube was removed 3 months after the second operation. We conclude that in cases of esophago-pleural fistula caused by chemotherapy for lung cancer, if complete response to chemotherapy is noted, reconstruction of the esophagus should be considered.
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PMID:[Surgical treatment of esophago-pleural fistula caused by chemotherapy for lung cancer]. 164 49


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