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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In recent years lung cancer specialists have complained that due to stigma resulting from the association of the disease with smoking, theirs is a neglected field. This paper demonstrates that in the 1950s and 1960s, when the British Medical Research Council (MRC) started to organize clinical trials for various forms of cancer, this was not the case. Rather, the organizers of these trials saw lung cancer as a particularly promising object of research, for much was known about the disease. The cancer trials were part of a strategy to use the Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) technology to cement the role of the MRC as the dominant body overseeing medical research in Britain. The organization of the trials, however, turned out to be very difficult, due to ethical problems and the dominance of one form of therapy, surgery. The trial results were deeply disappointing. I argue that these frustrating results contributed to the notion of hopelessness that has come to surround lung cancer, and to the shift of focus from cure to prevention that was triggered by epidemiologic studies identifying tobacco smoke as the main cause of the disease. The paper deals with an important episode in the history of clinical cancer research in postwar Britain, illustrating the ethical and practical problems faced by the organizers.
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PMID:As depressing as it was predictable? Lung cancer, clinical trials, and the Medical Research Council in postwar Britain. 1736 73

In a study designed to examine correlates of cancer-related stigma, 405 college students were assigned randomly to listen to an audiotaped interview in which the target's cancer type and smoking status were manipulated. In the lung cancer conditions, target gender also was manipulated. Social distance and emotional responses differed according to participant gender, death anxiety, and target cancer type. Participant gender and target characteristics also were associated with perceptions of the target's character. Findings partially support terror management theory and suggest that death attitudes, gender norms, and diagnostic status influence social distancing from individuals with cancer.
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PMID:Death anxiety and cancer-related stigma: a terror management analysis. 1792 8

This study examined the impact of controllability of onset (i.e., means of transmission), disease type (HIV and lung cancer), and culture (Kenya and U.S.) on stigmatizing attitudes and goals for supportive communication. Four hundred sixty-four Kenyan students and 526 American students, and 441 Kenyan nonstudents and 591 American nonstudents were randomly assigned to 1 of 12 hypothetical scenario conditions and asked to respond to questions regarding 3 different types of stigmatizing attitudes and 6 types of supportive communication goals with respect to the character in the scenario. Means of transmission had a strong effect on the blame component of stigma, but none on cognitive attitudes and social interaction components. Similarly, although an effect for means of transmission emerged on intention to provide "recognize own responsibility" and "see others' blame" types of support, no effect was evident for most other supportive interaction goals. Although effects for culture were small, Kenyan participants, student and nonstudent alike, were not as quick as American participants to adopt goals of communicating blame in any direction. Implications for measurement of stigma in future research are discussed.
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PMID:The impact of onset controllability on stigmatization and supportive communication goals toward persons with HIV versus lung cancer: a comparison between Kenyan and U.S. participants. 1796 43

According to the literature, lung cancer patients experience greater emotional distress than other cancer patients, with scores as high as 61,6%. Poor prognosis, guilt and stigma associated with a history of smoking, may be related with this morbidity. Several studies mention the prevalence of depression to be between 16 and 22%. As distress affects the family as well, mostly those members involved in the patient care, they should not be forgotten and must be involved in the treatment plan. The authors conclude that lung cancer patients' distress is highly prevalent and interferes with quality of live and, possibly, prognosis. Therefore, psychosocial care should be integrated early in cancer treatment.
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PMID:[Lung cancer: psychological and psychiatric aspects]. 1836 22

The American Medical Women's Association has chosen as one of its strategic goals for the next year, and probably for a lot longer, preventing young women from smoking. Smoking is of great concern to all as the death rate from lung cancer among women skyrockets to bypass even breast cancer.In alcohol and drug abuse, women who abuse alcohol and other drugs face a greater social stigma than the male abuser of these substances. The higher incidence of depression among women adds to the likelihood of self-medication with alcohol and other drugs.Reproductive and sexual dysfunctions are frequent in women who have alcohol, drug abuse, and mental health problems, and they are more vulnerable to rape and other forms of sexual exploitation. Sexual abuse and assault may also have played an integral part in their problems.
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PMID:Introductory remarks. 1931 98

People who suffer from disease have often been stigmatised. The internalisation of stigma leads to the experience of self-blame. The relationship among stigma, self-blame and adjustment was framed with two theoretical perspectives: the looking-glass self and learned helplessness models. These models were studied in 96 lung, 30 breast and 46 prostate cancer patients. Consistent with the looking-glass-self model, we predicted that perceived stigma and self-blame would be associated with poorer psychological adjustment; the data supported these hypotheses. Consistent with the learned helplessness model, we predicted that self-blame would mediate the link between perceived stigma and psychological adjustment; data supported these hypotheses. The mediation model explained a greater percentage of the variance in adjustment in the lung cancer sample compared to the breast and prostate cancer sample. Participants who reported internal causal attributions reported poorer psychological adjustment. Lung cancer patients were more likely than breast or prostate cancer patients to report internal causal attributions for their cancer. Future research and cancer care are discussed in light of these findings.
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PMID:Perceived stigma, self-blame, and adjustment among lung, breast and prostate cancer patients. 2020 38

This study explores stigma in the lung cancer experience by interviewing 18 oncology social workers employed at cancer centers across the United States who provide care to people diagnosed with lung cancer and their family members. A content analysis of the interviews suggests stacked stigma exists with respect to cigarette smoking. Poor prognosis and disparity in advocacy efforts emerged as stigmatizing events that are linked with smoking stigma, particularly in the arenas of support groups, patient-matching programs, availability of resources, and the lung cancer population itself. Emotional phenomenon resulting from this stigma experience may increase the illness burden for people with lung cancer and explain the variance in distress levels among people with different cancer diagnoses.
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PMID:Stacked stigma: oncology social workers' perceptions of the lung cancer experience. 2039 Oct 68

This article examines the effects of an individual's smoking status (current, former, or never-smoker) on the biological, social, and psychological aspects of lung cancer. Current and never-smokers differ in their biological risk factors, responses to treatment, and survival rate. In partial contrast, smoking status does not affect the major social aspect of the disease. The social stigma, which stems from the public perception that lung cancer is a preventable disease, affects social interactions for all patients irrespective of smoking status. The psychological aspects of the disease, including feelings of guilt, vary with smoking status. These observations point to the heterogeneity of lung cancer and underscore the complex links between the disease and smoking behavior.
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PMID:A biopsychosocial perspective on the experience of lung cancer. 2039 Oct 69

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in American women, and lung cancer is the deadliest. The etiology of breast cancer is not clear, although 85% of lung cancers are explained by cigarette smoking. A research review of the social perception of serious illness has shown that causal explanations fall into two categories: (1) patient behavior and (2) factors outside the patient's control. Presented in this review are questions concerning (1) patient coping, (2) stigma, and (3) the responses of the health care and research communities. Suggestions are made for further study of the social perception of lung and breast cancers.
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PMID:Attribution of blame for breast and lung cancers in women. 2043 18

Lung cancer in never smokers (LCINS) has lately been recognized as a unique disease based on rapidly gained knowledge from genomic changes to treatment responses. The focus of this article is on current knowledge and challenges with regard to LCINS expanded from recent reviews highlighting five areas: (1) distribution of LCINS by temporal trends, geographic regions, and populations; (2) three well-recognized environmental risk factors; (3) other plausible environmental risk factors; (4) prior chronic lung diseases and infectious diseases as risk factors; and (5) lifestyles as risk or protective factors. This article will also bring attention to recently published literature in two pioneering areas: (1) histological characteristics, clinical features with emerging new effective therapies, and social and psychological stigma; and (2) searching for susceptibility genes using integrated genomic approaches.
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PMID:Lung cancer in never smokers. 2150 Jan 20


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