Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The potential toxicity and optimal concentrations of different protective agents such as pluronic F-68, methylcellulose (MC), CMC, and GPE on the in vitro growth of murine hybridoma 2F7 cells that secrete monoclonal antibody against small-cell lung cancer were studied. The effect on the rate of glucose utilization of adding protective agents was investigated. The protective effects of different concentrations of the protective agents at high agitation speed were also observed. It showed that 0.05% to 0.10% (w/v) of pluronic F-68 and 0.10% to 0.20% (w/v) of MC could protect hybridoma cells from shear stress at high agitation speed. Adding pluronic F-68 could increase glucose utilization rate, but increased the ammonia production rate. Although CMC did not affect 2F7 cell growth at a concentration less than 0.10% (w/v), it exhibited no protective property. GPE could lyze hybridoma cells. In a 1.5-L CelliGen bioreactor, when the pluronic F-68 concentration was 0.10% (w/v) in the medium and agitation speed was 70 r/min, the hybridoma cells could grow normally.
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PMID:Studies of protective properties of pluronic and other agents on the hybridoma cell culture. 856 45

Breathing difficulty, agitation, and confusion developed in a 55-year-old male, ASA classification group III with a non-small-cell lung cancer 10 min after interscalene supplementation of insufficient axillary block with 3 mL of 2% mepivacaine with adrenaline 5 microg mL(-1). After administration of thiopentone and suxamethonium the patient's trachea was intubated and the lungs were ventilated with oxygen-enriched air. The block was successful and surgery was conducted as scheduled. Radiographic monitoring of the lungs at the end of operation showed ipsilateral elevation of the diaphragm with reduced respiratory excursions. Postoperatively, the patient was somnolent and hypercapnic, but maintained satisfactory oxygenation while breathing spontaneously and was extubated. Both the temporal relationship of events and the regression of all symptoms within three hours suggest that 3 mL of mepivacaine with adrenaline injected into the interscalene space blocked the phrenic nerve and compromised diaphragmatic function, which precipitated the respiratory failure.
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PMID:Hemidiaphragmatic paresis after interscalene supplementation of insufficient axillary block with 3 mL of 2% mepivacaine. 1102 41

Dyspnea is a subjective sensation of breathlessness. This distressing symptom is experienced by many patients with lung cancer and often is accompanied by physiologic signs and symptoms, such as tachypnea, tachycardia, pallor, and cyanosis. Dyspnea-induced hypoxia may occur and cause confusion, cognitive impairment, and restlessness. Prompt and accurate nursing assessment of dyspnea can assist in identifying appropriate treatment interventions. Supplemental oxygenation and medications, along with treatment of the underlying cause of the dyspnea, may promote patient comfort. Nurses need to be skilled in assessing dyspnea experienced by patients with lung cancer and knowledgeable in implementing effective symptom management techniques.
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PMID:Nursing assessment and management of dyspneic patients with lung cancer. 1279 41

The purposes of this study were to describe the quality of life (QOL) of terminally ill patients in a home-based hospice program and to examine the relationship between QOL data and patients' symptom distress, ability to function, interpersonal communication (support from family and friends), well-being (their affairs in order), and transcendence (religious comfort/support) as recorded in their charts. QOL was measured by the Missoula-Vitas Quality of Life Index (MVQOLI), an instrument designed specifically for use with terminally ill patients. The study was conducted over a three-year period with 129 terminally ill patients enrolled in a home-based hospice program of care. The MVQOLI was administered to patients within 20 days of their admission to hospice. A retrospective chart review was conducted to determine patients' levels of symptom distress, ability to function, social support, whether or not their affairs were in order, and religious comfort/support. The mean age of participants in this study was 67, with 54.3 percent male and 45.7 percent female. Cancer was the primary diagnosis for 92.2 percent of the sample, and 35 percent of these patients had a diagnosis of lung cancer. Of the 7.8 percent non-cancer diagnoses, five were diagnosed with AIDS, four with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and one with chronic heart failure. The results of this study revealed positive scores on the five dimensions of the MVQOLI QOL scale, indicating that within 20 days of admission to hospice, patients rated their QOL as good to very good. Data obtained from the chart review also indicated that patients did not experience a great deal of symptom distress (e.g., pain, nausea, shortness of breath, and restlessness). A significant correlation existed between age and QOL; number of interventions and pain levels; and marital status, well-being, interpersonal relationships, and transcendence. Shortness of breath and well-being were significantly correlated with QOL. There was no significant correlation between gender, race, or closeness to death and the five dimensions of the MVQOLI and chart review assessments.
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PMID:The quality of life of hospice patients: patient and provider perceptions. 1585 87

After decades of research involving numerous epidemiologic studies and extensive investigations in laboratory animals, a causal relationship between diesel exhaust (DE) exposure and lung cancer has not been conclusively demonstrated. Epidemiologic studies of the transportation industry (trucking, busing, and railroad) show a small elevation in lung cancer incidence (relative risks [RRs] generally below 1.5), but a dose response for DE is lacking. The studies are also limited by a lack of quantitative concurrent exposure data and inadequate or lack of controls for potential confounders, particularly tobacco smoking. Furthermore, prior to dieselization, similar elevations in lung cancer incidence have been reported for truck drivers, and in-cab diesel particulate matter (DPM) exposures of truck drivers were comparable to ambient highway exposures. Taken together, these findings suggest that an unidentified occupational agent or lifestyle factor might be responsible for the low elevations in lung cancer reported in the transportation studies. In contrast, underground miners, many of whom experience the highest occupational DPM exposures, generally do not show elevations in lung cancer. Laboratory studies must be interpreted with caution with respect to predicting the carcinogenic potential of DE in humans. Tumors observed in rats following lifetime chronic inhalation of very high levels of DPM may be attributed to species-specific overload mechanisms that lack relevance to humans. Increased tumor incidence was not observed in other species (hamsters or mice) exposed to DPM at very high levels or in rats exposed at lower levels (</=2000 mug/m3). Although DPM contains mutagens, mutagenicity studies in which cells were exposed to concentrated extracts of DPM also have limited application to human risk assessment, because such extracts can be obtained from DPM only by using strong organic solvents, agitation, and heat. Most studies have shown that whole DPM itself is not mutagenic because the adsorbed organic compounds are minimally bioavailable in aqueous-based fluids. In the past two decades, dramatic changes in diesel engine technology (e.g., low-sulfur fuel and exhaust after-treatment) have resulted in >99% reduction in DPM and other quantitative and qualitative changes in the chemical and physical characteristics of diesel exhaust. Thus, the current database, which is focused almost entirely on the potential health effects of traditional diesel exhaust (TDE), has only limited utility in assessing the potential health risks of new-technology diesel exhaust (NTDE). To overcome some of the limitations of the historical epidemiologic database on TDE and to gain further insights into the potential health effects of NTDE, new studies are underway and more studies are planned.
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PMID:A critical assessment of studies on the carcinogenic potential of diesel exhaust. 1705 83

A 62-year-old male developed headache, restlessness and left hemiparesis three months after being diagnosed with advanced lung cancer. Computed tomography on admission revealed a crescent-shaped, mixed intensity area in the right fronto-parietal subdural region and multiple tumors in the brain parenchyma. Under a diagnosis of chronic subdural hematoma and multiple brain metastases due to lung carcinoma, burr hole irrigation was performed. Adenocarcinoma cells were found in the dura matter and hematoma. Nontraumatic chronic subdural hematoma secondary to dural metastasis is a very rare condition. Only 52 cases of such spontaneous subdural hematoma have been reported. We describe the clinical features and discuss the mechanism referring to the pertinent literature.
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PMID:[A case of subdural hematoma associated with dural metastasis of lung cancer]. 1749 48

Chitosan-modified paclitaxel-loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 200-300 nm in distilled water were prepared by a solvent evaporation method. The mean diameter increased dramatically in contact with the mouse (CDF(1)) plasma, as a function of chitosan concentration in the modification solution (e.g., 2670.5 nm for 0.7% chitosan-modified nanoparticles, NP(3)), but reverted to almost its original size (i.e., 350.7 nm for NP(3)) following 5 min of gentle agitation. The zeta potential of PLGA nanoparticles was changed to positive by the chitosan modification. The in vitro uptake into, and cytotoxicity of the nanoparticles against, a lung cancer cell line (A549) were significantly increased by the modification. Most importantly, a lung-specific increase in the distribution index of paclitaxel (i.e., AUC(lung)/AUC(plasma)) was observed for chitosan-modified nanoparticles (e.g., 99.9 for NP(3) vs. 5.4 for Taxol) when nanoparticles were administered to lung-metastasized mice via the tail vein at a paclitaxel dose of 10 mg/kg. Transient formation of aggregates in the blood stream followed by enhanced trapping in the lung capillaries, and electrical interaction-mediated enhanced uptake across the endothelial cells of the lung tumor capillary appear to be responsible for the lung-tumor-specific distribution of the chitosan modified nanoparticles.
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PMID:Lung-specific delivery of paclitaxel by chitosan-modified PLGA nanoparticles via transient formation of microaggregates. 1866 42

Aspergillus species are an important cause of fungal infections in immuncompromised patients and also cause a variety of saprophytic conditions such as pulmonary aspergilloma. Surgical resection alone may be warranted for the treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma; in cases where medical therapy is necessary, the triazole antifungal agents itraconazole, voriconazole, and, presumably, posaconazole are thought to provide therapeutic benefit. The high potential for drug-drug interactions with the "azole" antifungal drugs, as well as the possibility for adverse events, while perhaps uncommon, can be problematic. This case describes a 68-year-old patient who developed a pulmonary aspergilloma in the air space of the location of a previous left-upper lobectomy performed five years earlier to treat lung cancer. The patient was initiated on voriconazole, but subsequently developed agitation and hallucinations. The patient was switched to itraconazole and subsequently developed worsening of congestive heart failure. Another switch was made to posaconazole. After an adjustment of his medication regimen for potential drug-drug interactions, the patient was discharged on posaconazole for three to six months, with regular follow-up of liver transaminase monitoring.
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PMID:Adverse drug events complicate antifungal therapy for pulmonary aspergilloma. 1903 16

Delirium is the most common neuropsychiatric complication experienced by patients with advanced illness, occurring in up to 85% of patients in the last weeks of life. Using the case of Mr L, a 59-year-old man with metastatic lung cancer who developed an agitated delirium in the last week of life, we review the evaluation and management of delirium near the end of life. Although some studies have identified agitation as a central feature of delirium in 13% to 46% of patients, other studies have found up to 80% of patients near the end of life develop a hypoactive, nonagitated delirium. Both the agitated (hyperactive) and nonagitated (hypoactive) forms of delirium are harbingers of impending death and are associated with increased morbidity in patients who are terminally ill, causing distress for patients, family members, and staff. Delirium is a sign of significant physiological disturbance, usually involving multiple causes, including infection, organ failure, and medication adverse effects. Often these causes of delirium are not reversible in the dying patient, and this influences the outcomes of its management. Delirium can also significantly interfere with the recognition and control of other physical and psychological symptoms, such as pain. Unfortunately, delirium is often misdiagnosed or unrecognized and thus inappropriately treated or untreated in terminally ill patients. To manage delirium in terminally ill patients, clinicians must be able to diagnose it accurately, undertake appropriate assessment of underlying causes, and understand the benefits and risks of the available pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions.
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PMID:Agitation and delirium at the end of life: "We couldn't manage him". 1910 18

Anti-voltage-gated potassium channel antibodies (anti-VGKC-Ab) cause hyperexcitability of the peripheral nerve and central nervous system. Peripheral nerve hyperexcitability is the chief manifestation of Issacs syndrome and cramp-fasciculation syndrome. Morvan syndrome is characterized by neuromyotonia with autonomic and CNS involvement. Manifestations involving the CNS without peripheral involvement are characteristic of limbic encephalitis and epilepsy. The clinical features of anti-VGKC-Ab-associated limbic encephalitis are subacute onset of episodic memory impairment, disorientation and agitation. Hyponatremia is also noted in most patients. Cortico-steroid therapy, plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin are effective in treating to not only the clinical symptoms but also hyponatremia. Unlike other anti-VGKC-Ab-associated neurological disorders, paraneoplastic cases are rare. Thus, anti-VGKC-Ab-associated limbic encephalopathy is considered to be an autoimmune, non-paraneoplastic, potentially treatable encephalitis. Morvan syndrome is characterized by widespread neurological symptoms involving the peripheral nervous system (neuromyotonia), autonomic system (hyperhidrosis, severe constipation, urinary incontinence, and cardiac arrhythmia) and the CNS (severe insomnia, hallucinations, impairment of short-term memory and epilepsy). Many patients have an underlying tumor, for example thymoma, lung cancer, testicular cancer and lymphoma; this indicates the paraneoplastic nature of the disease. Needle electro-myography reveals myokimic discharge. In nerve conduction study, stimulus-induced repetitive descharges are frequently demonstrated in involved muscles. Plasma exchange is an effective treatment approach, and tumor resection also improves symptoms. Both VGKC-Ab-associated limbic encephalitis and Morvan syndrome can be successfully treated. Therefore, when these diseases are suspected, it's important to measure the anti-VGKC-Ab level.
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PMID:[Anti-VGKC antibody-associated limbic encephalitis/Morvan syndrome]. 2042 Jan 73


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