Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diarrhea is one of dose-limiting factors of irinotecan (CPT-11) and its incidence is over 60% in patients receiving this drug. Therefore, it is important to prevent diarrhea for more effective use of CPT-11. We used Hange-shashinto (TJ-14), an ethical Kampo (Chinese herb) Medicine, to prevent diarrhea induced by CPT-11. Twenty-three patients (9 lung cancer, 4 pancreatic cancer, 2 colorectal cancer, 4 malignant lymphoma, and 4 other types of cancer) entered in this study. All patients were treated with CPT-11 in combination with oral TJ-14 (7.5 g t.i.d.) every day starting prior to CPT-11 infusion. The dose of CPT-11 was 60-100 mg/m2/w, 120-150 mg/m2/2 w or 40 mg/m2/d x 3 days/w. Three of 23 patients could not evaluate the efficacy and safety of TJ-14 since they could not take TJ-14 due to its odor and taste. The efficacy and safety of TJ-14 was not evaluated in one patient also since the patient could not continue taking TJ-14 due to vomiting induced by CPT-11. Nine patients showed an excellent response (no diarrhea or only 1 day of ECOG Grade 1 diarrhea). 9 showed a good response (Grade 1 diarrhea that disappears within 3 days) and one did not reveal response. It is suggested that TJ-14 possesses a preventive effect against diarrhea induced by CPT-11.
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PMID:[Preventive effect of TJ-14, a kampo (Chinese herb) medicine, on diarrhea induced by irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11)]. 803 Nov 68

Granisetron (3 mg/body) was administered immediately before single CDDP administration (80 mg/m2 or more) to 53 patients with lung cancer. This chemotherapy was performed a total of 73 times. Concerning Grade 2 or 3 nausea and vomiting, good conditions were observed on day 1 (day of treatment), most marked aggravation on day 2, and initiation of improvement on day 4. Vomiting was slight on day 1, most aggravated on day 2, but began to improve on day 3; good results were generally observed thereafter. Decreased appetite was slight on day 1, but was most aggravated on day 3 and 4; its recovery was delayed even until day 7. In the treatment for delayed emesis, comparison was made among the group treated with granisetron alone who did not require treatment for delayed emesis, the group with delayed emesis treated with granisetron, and the group with delayed emesis treated with drugs other than granisetron. Slightly better results were observed in terms of nausea, vomiting, and the frequency of vomiting in the group treated with granisetron alone on days 2 and 3. However, no significant difference was observed in decreased appetite among the 3 groups. Granisetron had no side effects and was safe. It inhibited vomiting, but measures to improve decreased appetite are needed.
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PMID:[Clinical effects and safety of granisetron administration against CDDP chemotherapy in lung cancer. Lung Cancer Study Group]. 806 Jan 41

A multicenter early Phase II clinical study of KW-2307, a new vinca alkaloid derivative, in patients (pts) with lung cancer was conducted in 15 hospitals. Ninety-seven pts were enrolled, among whom 95 were eligible. Seventy of the eligible pts had non-small cell cancer (NSCLC) and 25 had small cell cancer (SCLC). PR was obtained in 13 (18.6%) of NSCLC pts and 3 (12%) of SCLC pts. Only those who had no previous chemotherapy showed PR in NSCLC pts, and the response rate in these pts was 29.5% (13/44). As to the correlation between dosage and tumor effect, a better effect was exhibited at higher doses, with response rates of 21.7% (5/23) and 38.1% (8/21) at 20 mg/m2 and 25 mg/m2, respectively. The major adverse effect of this drug was leukopenia (neutropenia), which was Grade 3 or 4 in many cases. Recovery from this complication, however, was rapid. Other adverse effects included mild hepatic dysfunction, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, fever, general fatigue, phlebitis and constipation. The incidence of peripheral nervous disorder such as the paresthesia commonly observed with vinca alkaloids, was as low as 10%, and the symptoms, if any, were mild.
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PMID:[Early phase II clinical study of KW-2307 in patients with lung cancer. Lung Cancer Section in KW-2307 Study Group]. 818 36

In an attempt to find a method for effective nursing support which would maintain a favorable nutritional status in patients receiving chemotherapy, the nutritional status of 15 patients with lung cancer receiving cisplatin therapy was evaluated, and the factors influencing their status were studied. (1) Nutritional status was evaluated in terms of 7 indicators: body weight, skinfold thickness, arm muscle circumference, grip strength, hemoglobin level, serum total protein and serum albumin. Among these, skinfold thickness proved to be the most sensitive indicator of the changes in nutritional status of cancer patients during chemotherapy. (2) Multiple regression analysis revealed that skinfold thickness was influenced by dietary intake, which in turn was related to nausea, vomiting, trait anxiety level estimated by STAI and maximum body temperature associated with infection. (3) It was concluded that the following nursing interventions are significant for maintenance of favorable nutritional status for cancer patients during chemotherapy. First, periodic evaluation of their nutritional status by anthropometric measurements is necessary. Secondly, efforts should be made to reduce nausea and vomiting, to reassure patients with severe anxiety so that they become mentally stable, and to motivate the patients to perform self-care for prevention of infection, thereby achieving a sufficient dietary intake.
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PMID:[A study of changes in the nutritional status of patients receiving cancer chemotherapy]. 836 97

New cisplatinum derivatives of 254-S, DWA2114R and NK121 developed in Japan were reviewed. These three compounds have less nephrotoxicity and nausea/vomiting than cisplatinum, but have more myelotoxicity. 254-S showed activities against carcinomas of the head and neck, lung, esophagus, urinary tract, prostate, testis, ovary and cervix. DWA2114R showed activities against carcinoma of the ovary, prostate, testis and breast. NK121 is under phase II study. A randomized controlled study of 254-S for non-small-cell lung cancer and DWA2114R for ovarian cancer was performed compared to cisplatinum. The antitumor activity of these compounds was not different from cisplatinum, however the hydration was much less than cisplatinum. These cisplatinum derivatives of 254-S and DWA2114R were thought to be useful for QOL of the patients treated with cisplatinum compound.
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PMID:[Cisplatinum compounds]. 838 Jun 87

The usefulness of alprazolam (minor tranquilizer) used in combination with metoclopramide plus methylprednisolone for the prevention and control of emesis induced by chemotherapies, including 5-day continuous intravenous infusion of cisplatin (25 mg/m2/day) for advanced lung cancer, was evaluated using a double-blind randomized crossover design. In our study, 34 cases could be evaluated. No nausea was observed in 14 patients given alprazolam and 4 placebo (p < .01). The mean number of vomiting episodes was significantly smaller in the alprazolam group (1.31 +/- 2.61 vs 2.89 +/- 4.59 times) (p < .01). The mean duration of nausea and vomiting was significantly shorter in the alprazolam group (p < .001 and p < .01). From these findings, it can be concluded that the coadministration of alprazolam is effective in preventing and controlling chemotherapy-induced emesis due to 5-day continuous intravenous infusion of cisplatin in which mental and psychological factors are involved.
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PMID:Antiemetic efficacy of alprazolam in the combination of metoclopramide plus methylprednisolone. Double-blind randomized crossover study in patients with cisplatin-induced emesis. 839 88

Edatrexate (10-ethyl, 10-deaza-aminopterin; 10-EdAM) is one of a group of compounds developed by substitutions at the N10-position of 4-aminofolate. In phase I and II trials, activity has been seen against non-small-cell lung cancer, breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and cancer of the head and neck. In preclinical studies, a synergistic effect has been reported when edatrexate is combined with other antineoplastic drugs, and enhanced activity has been seen in two combination-chemotherapy phase II studies in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. In in vivo preclinical studies, edatrexate has demonstrated antitumor activity against mouse solid and ascites tumors as well as human tumor xenografts. The activity is superior to that of methotrexate and the other antifolates tested. The improved therapeutic index of edatrexate appears to be related to its increased entry into, and polyglutamylation within, tumor cells, and its relative exclusion and rapid elimination from sensitive host tissues, compared to methotrexate. Edatrexate is metabolized in the liver and then excreted mainly in the bile. In clinical trials in cancer patients, the dose-limiting and most frequent toxicity is mucositis. Other side effects are generally mild and include myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, elevations in SGOT, and macular rash. The responses seen in clinical trials along with preclinical data suggest that edatrexate may be a valuable agent in the treatment of cancer. Studies currently underway include the evaluation of edatrexate in small-cell lung cancer and edatrexate in combination with leucovorin, new vinca alkaloids, and cisplatin.
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PMID:Edatrexate, an antifolate with antitumor activity: a review. 842 95

The aim of the study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for the combination of high-dose epirubicin and vinorelbine in chemotherapy-naive patients with inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Twenty-one patients with stage IIIB and IV NSCLC were treated in a single-centre study with escalating doses of epirubicin and vinorelbine given on an outpatient basis. The first dose level comprised epirubicin 100 mg m-2 on day 1 and vinorelbine 20 mg m-2 (days 1 and 8) given intravenously every 3 weeks. Escalating doses for epirubicin and vinorelbine were respectively 120 (day 1) and 20 (days 1 and 8), 120 (day 1) and 25 (days 1 and 8) and 135 (day 1) and 25 (days 1 and 8) mg m-2. Inclusion criteria were age < or = 75 years, ECOG performance score < or = 2 and normal renal, hepatic and bone marrow functions. Dose-limiting toxicities were thrombocytopenia grade II and neutropenia grade III on day 8, febrile neutropenia, and neutropenia lasting > 7 days. No dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was observed at the first dose level; at the 135/25 mg m-2 dose level three out of six patients had a DLT which was considered as unacceptable. The only non-haematological toxicity reaching grade III was nausea/vomiting. One patient showed cardiac toxicity. No neurotoxicity and no treatment-related deaths were seen. The maximum tolerated dose of epirubicin and vinorelbine is 135 mg m-2 (day 1) and 25 mg m-2 (days 1 and 8) respectively, causing mainly haematological toxicity. The recommended dose of epirubicin and vinorelbine for phase II studies is found to be 120 mg m-2 and 20 mg m-2 respectively.
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PMID:Phase I study of high-dose epirubicin and vinorelbine in previously untreated non-small-cell lung cancer stage IIIB-IV. 851 75

We performed a phase II study to assess the efficacy and toxicity of the cisplatin-UFT-leucovorin (LV) combination in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Twenty-five patients with measurable disease who had not received prior chemotherapy were entered into the trial. The therapeutic regimen consisted of cisplatin 90 mg/m(2) and i.v. LV 500 mg/m(2) on day 1, followed by oral UFT 390 mg/m(2)/day (in two doses on days 1 through 14. Patients also received oral LV 15 mg/12 h on days 2 through 14. Seventeen patients required reduced doses of UFT (200 mg/m(2) due to toxicity. Courses were repeated every 28 days for a minimum of three per patient. Three of 25 patients (12%) achieved a partial response (95% CI: 2.6 to 32.2%), two with 390 mg/m(2)/day and one with 200 mg/m(2)/day of UFT. The main side effects were hematological and gastrointestinal. In the courses including 390 mg/m(2)/day of UFT, grade 3-4 toxicity was leucopenia in 18% of the courses, nausea/vomiting in 27%, and diarrhea and epigastralgia in 13% each. Grade 3-4 toxicities for 200 mg/m(2)/day of UFT were leucopenia 2%, nausea/vomiting 9% and diarrhea 7%. In conclusion, this regimen cannot be recommend for the treatment of advanced NSCLC due to its low response rate and high toxicity.
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PMID:Cisplatin and UFT modulated with leucovorin for the treatment of Advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. 861 Jun 33

Thirty-five patients affected by stage III-IV non-small-cell lung carcinomas were treated with ifosfamide 3 gr/m2 plus MESNA as uroprotector on day 1 and vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 i.v. bolus on day 1 and 8. This cycle was repeated every 21 days. Over a total of 35 evaluable patients, the overall response rate was 34% (95% CL 18-54%). One patient experienced a complete response with a duration of 7.2+ months, and 11 patients a partial response with a mean duration of 5.9+ months. Seven patients had no change and 16 improved. The overall survival was 7.6+ months. Over a total of 145 cycles, the most frequent toxicity was myelosuppression, but grade 3 leukopenia and grade 2 thrombocytopenia were seen only in 14% and 9% of cases, respectively. Only one patient suffered grade 4 leukopenia. Gastrointestinal toxicity was minimal; only five patients (14%) complained of grade 3 vomiting. This combination regimen can be safely given on an outpatient regimen, but it is relatively active in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. However, it should be noted that >50% of the patients in this series had a performance status of <80 and >50% were older than 65 years.
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PMID:Treatment of stage III-IV non-small-cell lung carcinoma with vinorelbine in combination with ifosfamide plus MESNA: a study by the Southern Italy Oncology Group (GOIM). 863 41


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