Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Endobronchial tuberculosis is not as well-known to internists as tuberculosis involving the lung parenchyma. Five cases with this condition are reported to illustrate the varied clinical manifestations. The presenting features of the 5 cases were lobar or lung collapse, unresolved pneumonia, dyspnoea and stridor. Bronchostenosis developed in 2 patients many years following chemotherapy, while stenosis of the trachea developed in one patient during chemotherapy. In another patient, the tuberculous granulation tissue simulated a lung cancer at bronchoscopy. Diagnosis can be difficult as endobronchial tuberculosis can occur in the absence of chest X-ray abnormality and sputum smear may also be negative for acid fast bacilli (AFB). Therefore, bronchoscopy should be done when the condition is suspected in a patient who has unexplained cough, wheezing, dyspnoea or haemoptysis. The modalities of treatment for fibrostenosis of a large airway include surgical resection followed by anastomosis, balloon dilatation, laser photoresection or a combination of both procedures.
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PMID:Endobronchial tuberculosis--a report of 5 cases. 225 40

Photodynamic therapy is a recently introduced treatment for surface malignancies. Since January 1987, 10 patients with endobronchial neoplasms have had bronchoscopic photodynamic therapy at similar dose rates (400 mW/cm) for total atelectasis (2), carinal narrowing with respiratory insufficiency (2), or partial obstruction without collapse (4). Two patients underwent photodynamic therapy as a preliminary to immunotherapy. Histologies included endobronchial metastases (colon, ovary, melanoma, and sarcoma, 1 each; and renal cell, 3) and primary lung cancer (3). The 2 patients with total atelectasis had complete reexpansion after photodynamic therapy, which permitted eventual sleeve lobectomy in 1. Carinal narrowing was ameliorated in the 2 patients seen with inspiratory stridor, thereby permitting hospital discharge. Endoscopically resected fragments after photodynamic therapy exhibited avascular necrosis. These data support further controlled studies of photodynamic therapy by thoracic surgical oncologists to define its limitations as well as to improve and expand its efficacy as a palliative or surgical adjuvant.
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PMID:Bronchoscopic phototherapy at comparable dose rates: early results. 252 11

A patient with lung cancer presented with upper airway obstruction and hypercapnic respiratory failure resulting from bilateral vocal cord paralysis. Computed tomography demonstrated tumor extension into the superior mediastinum, with probable disruption of both recurrent laryngeal nerves. Unlike the more common unilateral cord paralysis, bilateral cord dysfunction is often associated with preservation of voice and varying degrees of stridor that may lead to potentially life-threatening delays in diagnosis and treatment. Proper management requires urgent translaryngeal intubation if airway obstruction is high grade, with subsequent consideration of laryngeal surgical procedures for long-term care.
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PMID:Bilateral vocal cord paralysis with respiratory failure. A presenting manifestation of bronchogenic carcinoma. 273 Feb 68

In April 1988 the Christie Hospital started using the microSelectron-HDR machine to deliver intraluminal radiotherapy (ILT) to inoperable bronchial carcinomas causing symptoms due to endobronchial disease. Results of treatment in the first 406 patients with primary non-small-cell carcinoma are presented. Three main categories of patient were defined. Category 1 consisted of 324 patients (79.8%) who were previously unirradiated and received a single fraction of ILT as their primary treatment, mostly to a dose of 1500 cGy (76%) or 2000 cGy (23%) at 1 cm from the centre of the iridium-192 treatment source. The percentage of these patients whose symptoms or signs were improved at 6 weeks following ILT were as follows: stridor 92%, haemoptysis 88%, cough 62%, dyspnoea, 60%, pain, 50% and pulmonary collapse, 46%. Approximately two-thirds of these patients (67.3%) derived long lasting palliation and required no further treatment during their lifetime. The other third of patients needed subsequent treatment at some stage because of recurrence of their symptoms and in this situation external beam radiotherapy (EB) or a repeat ILT treatment was effectively utilised. Category 2 consisted of 65 patients (16%) who had previously received EB but required ILT when their tumour recurred. At 6 weeks post-ILT levels of symptom palliation were broadly similar to those obtained if ILT was used in previously unirradiated individuals, although the improvement was not so well sustained with time and only 7% showed improvement in pulmonary collapse at 6 weeks. Category 3 consisted of 17 patients (4.2%) in whom ILT was used concurrently with EB as a combined initial treatment. Similar levels of palliation were seen when compared with patients who received a single ILT treatment only. Overall, ILT was well tolerated in terms of early and late morbidity. In conclusion, the efficiency of a single ILT treatment in palliating symptoms due to endobronchial tumour in previously unirradiated individuals is comparable with that reported in series where treatment for advanced lung cancer combines a prolonged course of EB concurrently with several ILT treatments.
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PMID:High dose rate intraluminal radiotherapy for carcinoma of the bronchus: outcome of treatment of 406 patients. 753 4

A 57-year-old man was admitted because of dysphagia. Two year earlier, endoscopic ND-YAG laser treatment had been performed for squamous cell carcinoma of the tracheal carina. The esophagus was compressed and narrowed by invasion of lung cancer. After ballooning, under endoscopic and fluoroscopic control, a self-expanding nitinol stent (SENS, Ultraflex, Microvasive) was implanted in the esophagus. Immediately after esophageal prosthesis implantation, severe dyspnea and stridor developed because of tumor strictures in the left main bronchus. Under fluoroscopic and guide-wire control, SENS (Accuflex, Microvasive) was implanted in the tracheobronchial tree. Dyspnea, dysphagia and stridor were markedly improved after placement of two nitinol stents. Highly flexible, knitted, self-expanding nitinol stent is made of a nickel titanium alloy. Although the implantation of SENS in tracheobronchial stenosis has not previously been reported, it should be useful for prevention of airway obstruction.
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PMID:[Self-expanding nitinol stents for treatment of tracheobronchial and esophageal stenosis caused by lung cancer]. 899 Aug 98

We report herein a patient with subglottic granuloma after removal of a minitracheostomy tube (Minitrach II, SIMS Portex Inc., Hythe, Kent, UK). The patient underwent pulmonary resection for lung cancer followed by insertion of the minitracheostomy tube for prevention of sputum retention. The tube was removed 4 days after insertion. Twelve weeks later, the patient developed severe dyspnea and stridor. Bronchoscopy showed an obstructive subglottic granuloma arising from the anterior wall. The granuloma was removed by coring out using a conventional tracheal tube, followed by local injection of methylprednisolone acetate. The patient is now asymptomatic without regrowth of the granulation tissue 12 weeks after the treatment. With complication in mind, attention should be paid to patients suffering dyspnea or stridor after removal of a minitracheostomy tube.
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PMID:Obstructive subglottic granuloma after removal of a minitracheostomy tube. 1697 96

Tracheal tumours are rare, accounting for only about 0.3% of all bodily tumours. Their incidence is less than 0.2 per 100 000 inhabitants and 180 times less frequent than lung cancer. The reason for their rarity is not so clear. It is possible that turbulent airflow in the trachea protects its mucosa from inhaled carcinogen deposits. The authors report a case of adenoid cystic carcinoma in a 23 year-old woman, non-smoker, with acute clinical inspiratory stridor, where Nd-Yag laser use was extremely important to tracheal permeability as the tumor occupied over 80% of the tracheal lumen and could have led to imminent patient asphyxia.
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PMID:[Tracheal tumors review--a clinical case of adenoid cystic carcinoma]. 1862 29

Superior vena cava(SVC)syndrome is one of the complication of malignant neoplasia, which often occurs in clinical practice. It is caused by obstruction of the SVC by invasion, extrinsic compression by adjacent pathologic processes, or by internal thrombus. They sometimes coexist. The increased venous pressure in the upper body caused by this syndrome results in edema of the head, neck, and arms, which is visually striking but generally of little clinical consequence. But edema may cause a functional compromise of the larynx or pharynx, causing dyspnea, stridor, cough, hoarseness, and dysphagia. Cerebral edema may lead to cerebral ischemia, confusion, coma, and possibly death. We therefore recognize the SVC syndrome as an oncologic emergency. The most common malignant cause of this disease is lung cancer. It is necessary to plan a management strategy after consideration of staging and the histopathologic diagnosis. The most useful imaging study for this disease is CT scanning of the chest with administration of contrast material. Management of the SVC syndrome associated with malignant disease includes both treatment of the cancer and relief of the symptoms of obstruction. Major therapeutic modalities are supportive care and medical management, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, placement of intravascular stent, and surgery. The presence of the SVC syndrome does not reduce the likelihood ofa cure for the underlying malignant condition, and should not compromise the choice of appropriate therapy.
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PMID:[Superior vena cava syndrome]. 2149 77

We report on a 61-year-old male patient who was admitted due to dysphagia, hoarseness and stridor. CT showed extensive metastasis to the thyroid and left adrenal gland. Histology revealed small-cell lung cancer. A primary tumour could not be detected in the lungs and mediastinum. Good symptom control could be achieved by administration of platinum-based chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Extrapulmonary small-cell lung cancer]. 2172 8

Currently, adenocarcinoma represents 41 % of primary lung cancers in women and 34 % in men. Thyroid metastases of lung cancer are rare and usually asymptomatic. We report the case of a patient presenting with stridor secondary to an enlarged multiple nodular thyroid accompanied by cervical lymphadenopathies accompanied by an enlarged and multiple nodular thyroid and by stridor. The final diagnosis was thyroid metastases of primary lung adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:[An atypical presentation of bronchial adenocarcinoma]. 2395 59


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