Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An open, non-comparative, Nordic multicenter study was performed during 1991-1992 to evaluate the new 5-HT3 receptor antagonist tropisetron, as an antiemetic agent in various types of cancer chemotherapy. More than 600 patients were recruited from 16 cancer centers in Sweden, Finland and Denmark. In this report an interim analysis on 231 patients is presented. Gynecological cancers (61%), lung cancer (14%) and breast cancer (7%), were the main diagnoses. In 118 of 231 patients (51%) prior experience of chemotherapy was documented. In 91 patients (39%) cisplatin was part of the cytostatic regimen. Carboplatin (27%), doxorubicin (32%), epidoxorubicin (18%) were also frequently included. In all, 18 cytostatic agents were studied. The median number of courses studied was 3.3 (range 1-15). Overall 153 of 231 patients (67%) were completely protected from acute nausea and vomiting during the first course of chemotherapy. Delayed nausea and vomiting (Days 2-6) were completely controlled in 45%-72%. Treatment efficacy remained stable (57%-89%) over 10 consecutive courses of chemotherapy. For non-cisplatin regimens complete protection was achieved in 78% compared with 51% for cisplatin-regimens (p < 0.0001). Patients with no prior experience of chemotherapy had greater control of acute nausea and vomiting (73%) than patients treated before (61%) in the first course, but not in subsequent courses. There were no such differences in control of delayed nausea and vomiting between chemotherapy-naive and previously treated patients. Sex and age were significant prognostic factors with regard to antiemetic response. Adverse events were recorded in 19%-36% of the cases during long-term follow-up. Headache (16%) and constipation (5%) were most frequent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Tropisetron in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: the Nordic experience. 836 99

In an attempt to find a method for effective nursing support which would maintain a favorable nutritional status in patients receiving chemotherapy, the nutritional status of 15 patients with lung cancer receiving cisplatin therapy was evaluated, and the factors influencing their status were studied. (1) Nutritional status was evaluated in terms of 7 indicators: body weight, skinfold thickness, arm muscle circumference, grip strength, hemoglobin level, serum total protein and serum albumin. Among these, skinfold thickness proved to be the most sensitive indicator of the changes in nutritional status of cancer patients during chemotherapy. (2) Multiple regression analysis revealed that skinfold thickness was influenced by dietary intake, which in turn was related to nausea, vomiting, trait anxiety level estimated by STAI and maximum body temperature associated with infection. (3) It was concluded that the following nursing interventions are significant for maintenance of favorable nutritional status for cancer patients during chemotherapy. First, periodic evaluation of their nutritional status by anthropometric measurements is necessary. Secondly, efforts should be made to reduce nausea and vomiting, to reassure patients with severe anxiety so that they become mentally stable, and to motivate the patients to perform self-care for prevention of infection, thereby achieving a sufficient dietary intake.
 ...
PMID:[A study of changes in the nutritional status of patients receiving cancer chemotherapy]. 836 97

We conducted a phase II study to evaluate the antitumor activity and safety of concurrent continuous infusion of cisplatin and etoposide in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cisplatin (30 mg/m2 daily) and etoposide (80 mg/m2 daily) were given as a 24-h continuous infusion for 72 h to 48 patients with previously untreated advanced NSCLC. Of the 46 evaluable patients, 9 achieved a partial response, for an overall response rate of 20% (95% confidence interval, 9.4%-33.9%). The median duration of response was 23 weeks. The median duration of survival for all patients was 34.4 weeks. The major toxicity was hematologic. Leukopenia (WHO grade > or = 3) was observed in 22 patients (48%) and thrombocytopenia (WHO grade > or = 3), in 13 patients (28%). In all, 20 patients (43%) experienced severe anemia (WHO grade > or = 3). Nonhematologic toxicity mainly consisted of moderate to severe alopecia in 33 patients (72%) and moderate to severe nausea and vomiting in 25 patients (54%). No significant nephrotoxicity was seen. We conclude that a 72-h concurrent continuous infusion of cisplatin and etoposide does not appear to be active against advanced NSCLC.
 ...
PMID:Phase II study of a 72-h concurrent continuous infusion of cisplatin and etoposide in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. 838 99

The usefulness of alprazolam (minor tranquilizer) used in combination with metoclopramide plus methylprednisolone for the prevention and control of emesis induced by chemotherapies, including 5-day continuous intravenous infusion of cisplatin (25 mg/m2/day) for advanced lung cancer, was evaluated using a double-blind randomized crossover design. In our study, 34 cases could be evaluated. No nausea was observed in 14 patients given alprazolam and 4 placebo (p < .01). The mean number of vomiting episodes was significantly smaller in the alprazolam group (1.31 +/- 2.61 vs 2.89 +/- 4.59 times) (p < .01). The mean duration of nausea and vomiting was significantly shorter in the alprazolam group (p < .001 and p < .01). From these findings, it can be concluded that the coadministration of alprazolam is effective in preventing and controlling chemotherapy-induced emesis due to 5-day continuous intravenous infusion of cisplatin in which mental and psychological factors are involved.
 ...
PMID:Antiemetic efficacy of alprazolam in the combination of metoclopramide plus methylprednisolone. Double-blind randomized crossover study in patients with cisplatin-induced emesis. 839 88

The survival of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLS) is closely related to surgery, but the tumour is resectable in only 25% of them. With the exception of T1 N0, where the 5-year survival rate exceeds 60%, the 2-year survival does not rise above 50%. New data are raising hopes of better results, and it appears that the so-called "neoadjuvant" treatments might increase the curability of resectable tumours. Recent randomized trials have shown that it could be of interest to combine chemotherapy and radiotherapy in unresectable localized tumours. On the other hand, therapeutic combinations containing cisplatin constitute a step forward in the treatment of metastatic cancers, with a high response rate (28 to 56%) prolonging the patients' survival. Finally, the advances achieved in treatments aimed at combating the undesirable effects of chemotherapy, notably nausea and vomiting, will make it more acceptable and therefore provide a better quality of life. Several randomized trials are in progress and will perhaps facilitate the setting up of new decision making trees for the treatment of NSCLC.
 ...
PMID:[Treatment of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC)]. 839 26

The distribution of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) was studied in 23 patients undergoing surgical resection of brain tumors metastatic from lung cancer. CDDP (100 mg/m2) was administered intravenously (i.v.) or intra-arterially (IA) at the time of surgery, and various fluids and tissues were sampled for measurement of drug concentration. Comparison of the two routes of administration disclosed that the plasma level was slightly lower after IA than after i.v. infusion, whereas there was no difference between the two routes in terms of drug diffusion into the brain tissue adjacent to the tumor. However, IA administration resulted in an intratumoral drug concentration twice as high as that achieved with i.v. infusion. The tumor:plasma and tumor:adjacent brain ratios of drug concentration after IA injection were also twice those measured after i.v. administration. The distribution pattern of CDDP is characteristic of water-soluble agents. All patients experienced tolerable nausea and vomiting. Creatinine clearance was moderately reduced in ten cases, but no serious renal toxicity was observed. Seizures occurred postoperatively in nine patients. Infrequent side effects were myelosuppression, ototoxicity, and postoperative intracranial bleeding. All adverse effects disappeared with conservative treatment or no intervention.
 ...
PMID:cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (CDDP) therapy for brain metastasis of lung cancer. I. Distribution within the central nervous system after intravenous and intracarotid infusion. 841 Jan 44

A phase I trial was performed to investigate the tolerability and efficacy of the novel nucleoside analogue gemcitabine in combination with cisplatin in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Both cisplatin and gemcitabine were administered as 30 min infusions weekly x 3 with a week of rest. There was one dose escalation of cisplatin from 25 mg/m2 (dose level 1) to 30 mg/m2 (in subsequent dose levels 2-5), such that the mean dose intensity for the weekly x 3 q 4 week cycle was 22.5 mg/m2/week which is close to that achieved with 100 mg/m2 bolus monthly. Gemcitabine was initiated at 1000 mg/m2 (dose levels 1 and 2) then escalated by 250 mg/m2/week to 1750 mg/m2 (dose level 5). Of 32 chemotherapy-naive patients entered (22 males, 10 females; median age 61 years, range 29-74 years), 11 had localized tumours (2 stage IIIa, 9 IIIb) and 21 had stage IV tumours with haematogenous metastases and a poor prognosis. Twenty-one patients had adenocarcinoma, 4 squamous cell carcinoma, 6 large cell undifferentiated tumors, and one had mixed squamous and adenocarcinoma. Dose-limiting toxicity was not seen in more than one patient in cycle 1 at any dose level. Grade 4 granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia occurred more frequently with repeated dosing, necessitating dose reductions except at the lowest dose level (cisplatin 25 mg/m2, gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2). Non-haematological toxicity was mild and rapidly reversible. Cisplatin administration led to a higher frequency of nausea and vomiting than that seen with gemcitabine alone, but this was easily controlled with antiemetics. In the 28 patients evaluable, to date responses have been seen at most dose levels, with an overall response rate 35.7%. This phase I trial is ongoing and further dose escalation is intended to determine the MTD of gemcitabine.
Lung Cancer 1996 Feb
PMID:Phase I trial of gemcitabine and cisplatin in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a preliminary report. 869 17

A crossover clinical trial between granisetron alone and granisetron combined with methylprednisolone (MPL) was undertaken for the prevention of nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy, including cisplatin, in 12 patients with advanced primary and metastatic lung cancer. The antiemetic effect was obtained in 91.7% (11/12 cases) of patients receiving granisetron alone compared to 100% (12/12 cases) of patients receiving the combination of granisetron plus MPL. Complete control of anorexia was achieved in 91.6% (11/12 cases) of patients receiving the combination compared to 58.3% (7/12 cases) of patients receiving granisetron alone. Moreover there was a significant improvement of delayed clinical symptoms including nausea, vomiting, and anorexia in the patients receiving the combination of granisetron plus MPL. Our data suggest that the antiemetic effect of the combination of granisetron plus MPL is superior to granisetron alone in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy.
 ...
PMID:[Comparative trial of granisetron alone and granisetron plus methylprednisolone for prevention of nausea and vomiting during cancer chemotherapy]. 875 6

This study assesses the effect of adding continuous-infusion fluorouracil to palliative thoracic radiation therapy (RT) on the rate and duration of symptom relief in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Two hundred eligible patients with NSCLC were randomized to receive either 20 Gy in five daily fractions as palliation for intrathoracic disease or the same RT with concurrent continuous infusion of 1 g m(-2) day(-1) fluorouracil for 5 days. Survival, response and rates of symptom relief in the two groups were compared according to treatment intent, and toxicities were compared according to treatment received. The overall response rate was higher in patients randomized to the combination (29%) than in patients randomized to RT alone (16%) (P = 0.035). However, there were no significant differences between the treatment arms in terms of overall or progression-free survival or in palliation of symptoms. Patients treated with RT plus fluorouracil had significantly more acute toxicity, including nausea and vomiting (P = 0.01), oesophagitis (P = 0.0003), stomatitis (P = 0.0005) and skin reaction (P = 0.003). This study suggests for the first time an interaction between RT and infusional fluorouracil in NSCLC. Although RT plus fluorouracil resulted in a significantly higher response rate than achieved with RT alone, this did not translate into more effective palliation. Because the combination produced significantly more toxicity than RT alone, it is not recommended for the palliative treatment of NSCLC. Nevertheless, these results suggest that opportunities may exist for exploitation of the observed enhancement of antitumour effect in the setting of high-dose radical RT for NSCLC.
 ...
PMID:A phase III study of radiotherapy with and without continuous-infusion fluorouracil as palliation for non-small-cell lung cancer. 904 26

Fourteen cases of metastatic brain tumors from lung cancer underwent biochemical modulation chemotherapy with daily administration of small doses of CDDP (5 or 10 mg/day) and continuous infusion of 5-FU (300 mg/day) for three tow six weeks. All patients with metastatic brain tumors also underwent a total of 30 Gy of whole brain irradiation therapy. Of eleven patients who had metastatic brain tumors when chemotherapy started, complete and partial responses were shown in two patients each (36% response rate). Moreover, only four of twelve patients with extracranial lesions responded (33% response rate). Abnormal levels of tumor marker were improved in only three of 10 evaluable patients (30% response rate). Side effects of this chemotherapy included various WHO grades of bone marrow suppression as well as nausea and vomiting in 13 of 14 patients. Loss of appetite persisted for two months. Parkinsonism was also noted in three patients as an additional side effect. Mean survival time was 9.4 months, while 4 patients survived longer than one year. Data showing a low response rate, persistent loss of appetite and longer admission period were considered less favorable than those of other chemotherapeutic regimens.
 ...
PMID:[Effects of biochemical modulation chemotherapy with CDDP and 5-FU on metastatic brain tumor from lung cancer]. 905 28


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>