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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A Phase II study of carboplatin, an analog of cisplatin, was performed in patients with primary lung cancer at 17 institutions throughout Japan. Carboplatin was administered intravenously by two dosing schedules at 300 mg/m2 and 400 mg/m2. Out of 138 patients entered in the study, 101 were judged eligible for evaluation by the extramural Review Committee, and the overall response rate was 15.8% (16/101). The response rate for small-cell lung carcinoma was 25.5% (13/51) and for non-small cell lung carcinoma was 6.0% (3/50). Carboplatin was found to be effective for small-cell lung carcinoma. As for hematological toxicities, thrombocytopenia (less than 7 X 10(4)/mm3) and leukopenia (less than 3,000/mm3) were observed in 46.5% and 43.6% of cases, respectively. Nausea/vomiting was the main symptomatic side effect and was observed at an incidence of 42.6%. There was no renal, oto-or, neurotoxicities observed.
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PMID:[A phase II study of carboplatin to bronchogenic carcinoma of the lung. Carboplatin Cooperative Study Group for Lung Carcinoma]. 284 36

A phase II clinical trial of carboplatin for small cell lung cancer was conducted in 20 institutions of the National Chest Hospital lung cancer cooperative study group. Carboplatin was administered by three dosing schedule of 300 mg/m2, 400 mg/m2 and 450 mg/m2. Out of 30 patients registered in this trial, 29 patients were evaluable for response and toxicity. Seven patients achieved PR with the response rate of 24.1%. The response rates for 300 mg/m2, for 400 mg/m2 and for 450 mg/m2 were 25.0%, 8.3% and 44.4%, respectively. Thrombocytopenia (less than 7 x 10(4)/mm3) and leukopenia (less than 3,000/mm3) were observed at 25.9% and 17.2% of cases, respectively. Nausea/vomiting was also observed at an incidence of 55.2% with mild degree. No renal and ototoxic damage was observed.
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PMID:[A phase II study of carboplatin in small cell lung cancer]. 284 5

A phase II study of carboplatin in ready-to-use solution (RTU) was conducted in patients with primary lung cancer at 9 institutes throughout Japan. Out of 44 patients entered in this trial, 38 were judged eligible by the extramural review committee. The overall response rate was 18.4% (7/38). The response rate for small cell lung carcinoma was 33.3% (6/18), against 5.0% (1/20) for non-small cell lung carcinoma. As for hematological toxicities, thrombocytopenia (less than 7 x 10(4)/mm3) and leukopenia (less than 3,000/mm3) were observed in 55.3% of cases, respectively. Nausea/vomiting was observed at an incidence of 60.5%. The clinical usefulness of carboplatin in RTU form was found to be comparable with that of carboplatin in lyophilized powder.
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PMID:[A phase II study of carboplatin in lung cancer. The Carboplatin Cooperative Study Group]. 284 33

Teniposide, VM-26 (Vumon), was administered in a dose of 60 mg/m2 on days 1 to 5 every third week to 36 patients with histologically confirmed small-cell lung cancer. None had previously received chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The median age was 73 years (range, 52 to 79). Thirty-three patients were evaluable; 21 of these had local disease. Five patients had bone marrow metastases, four had liver involvement, and one CNS metastases. All patients had a performance status less than or equal to 2 before the start of treatment. Thirty patients obtained a response (90%), ten of whom had a complete remission (30%). The median duration of remission was 8+ months (range, 1.1 to 17+ months), whereas the median survival was 8.7 months (range, 1.9 to 20 months). Toxicity was primarily hematologic, with leukopenia the only dose-limiting effect. Besides alopecia, all other side effects were minimal including nausea and vomiting. We find these results provocative in regard to the response rate and the duration of response obtained as well as in reference to the dismal results that prior investigations in previously treated patients have shown. These data may indicate the need for reconsideration of the usual strategy for performing phase II trials.
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PMID:Teniposide (VM-26), an overlooked highly active agent in small-cell lung cancer. Results of a phase II trial in untreated patients. 300 84

We carried out a Phase II study by single oral administration of the antineoplastic agent UFT fine granule containing 1-(2-tetrahydrofuryl)-5-fluorouracil (FT-207) and uracil in a molar ratio of 1 : 4. Of 20 cases entered into the study, 18 were evaluable, among which four (22.2%) achieved PR. It took an average of forty days until these four PR cases were evaluable, and the duration of efficacy was 89 days. We observed an efficacy lasting over 150 days in a case of lung cancer. Side-effects were observed in 62.2% of cases. Only one case of thrombocytopenia and one case of hepatic malfunction occurred. Both of these two patients recovered two weeks after this study. Among the major symptoms were gastrointestinal disorders such as subjective and objective anorexia, nausea and vomiting. In one patient, treatment was discontinued, but other patients were able to continue following a decrease or withdrawal of the agent. The same trend was observed in a study of UFT capsule.
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PMID:[Clinical results of UFT fine granule therapy by cooperative study. Osaka UFT Granulation Study Group]. 311 46

Forty patients with lung cancer were treated using two methods. One was transbronchial artery infusion (BAI) of CDDP and the other was intravenous administration of CDDP with VDS, ACNU or etoposide. There was no difference in response rate between the two groups. The response rate was higher in patients with squamous cell carcinoma compared to these with adenocarcinoma. Compared with the combination group, BAI patients had fewer adverse effects, such as myelosuppression, alopecia, nausea and vomiting. Thus, it was concluded that CDDP is very effective for patients with lung cancer and that CDDP administered by BAI is useful for hilar-type squamous cell carcinoma.
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PMID:[A chemotherapy regimen including CDDP in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma--a comparison between bronchial artery infusion and intravenous administration]. 346 74

Marijuana seems firmly established as another social drug in Western countries, regardless of its current legal status. Patterns of use vary widely. As with other social drugs, the pattern of use is critical in determining adverse effects on health. Perhaps the major area of concern about marijuana use is among the very young. Using any drug on a regular basis that alters reality may be detrimental to the psychosocial maturation of young persons. Chronic use of marijuana may stunt the emotional growth of youngsters. Evidence for an amotivational syndrome is largely based on clinical reports; whether marijuana use is a cause or effect is uncertain. A marijuana psychosis, long rumored, has been difficult to prove. No one doubts that marijuana use may aggravate existing psychoses or other severe emotional disorders. Brain damage has not been proved. Physical dependence is rarely encountered in the usual patterns of social use, despite some degree of tolerance that may develop. The endocrine effects of the drug might be expected to delay puberty in prepubertal boys, but actual instances have been rare. As with any material that is smoked, chronic smoking of marijuana will produce bronchitis; emphysema or lung cancer have not yet been documented. Cardiovascular effects of the drug are harmful to those with preexisting heart disease; fortunately the number of users with such conditions is minimal. Fears that the drug might accumulate in the body to the point of toxicity have been groundless. The potential deleterious effects of marijuana use on driving ability seem to be self-evident; proof of such impairment has been more difficult. The drug is probably harmful when taken during pregnancy, but the risk is uncertain. One would be prudent to avoid marijuana during pregnancy, just as one would do with most other drugs not essential to life or well-being. No clinical consequences have been noted from the effects of the drug on immune response, chromosomes, or cell metabolites. Contamination of marijuana by spraying with defoliants has created the clearest danger to health; such attempts to control production should be abandoned. Therapeutic uses for marijuana, THC, or cannabinoid homologs are being actively explored. Only the synthetic homolog, nabilone, has been approved for use to control nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Health aspects of cannabis. 352 Jun 5

High-dose intravenous (IV) metoclopramide has shown efficacy with few side effects for the treatment of nausea and vomiting on the day of cisplatin administration. From November 1984 to January 1986, two randomized trials in an antiemetic study were conducted. In trial I, the antiemetic effect of a short course of high-dose dexamethasone was compared with that of high-dose metoclopramide in 29 patients with lung cancer receiving chemotherapy containing cisplatin (80 mg/m2 IV) in a randomized controlled trial. Dexamethasone was given IV at a dose of 16 mg 1/2 hr before and 8 mg, 1 1/2, 3 1/2 and 5 1/2 hr after cisplatin. Metoclopramide was given IV at a dose of 2 mg/kg, 1/2 hr before and 1 1/2, 3 1/2 and 5 1/2 hr after cisplatin. Major emetic control (0-2 episodes of vomiting) during the 24 hr after cisplatin administration was achieved in 55% (6/11) and 67% (12/18) of the patients receiving dexamethasone and metoclopramide, respectively, without serious toxicity. The duration of nausea or anorexia was similar for the two treatment groups. In trial II, the combination of metoclopramide and dexamethasone was compared with metoclopramide alone to assess the additive antiemetic effect of the two drugs in 23 patients with lung cancer receiving cisplatin at a dose of 120 mg/m2 IV in a randomized cross-over study. A major antiemetic response was observed in 27% (3/11) and 92% (11/12) of the patients receiving metoclopramide alone and metoclopramide plus dexamethasone, respectively (p less than 0.005). The duration of nausea and anorexia was similar for the two treatment groups. Patients tended to prefer the combination of metoclopramide and dexamethasone; however, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.14) in the small number of patients entered in this study. Despite excellent control of acute chemotherapy-induced emesis, 45% of 52 patients experienced delayed nausea and vomiting more than 24 hr after cisplatin administration even among those who had had an excellent short-term response to the antiemetic agents.
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PMID:Antiemetic efficacy of high-dose intravenous metoclopramide and dexamethasone in patients receiving cisplatin-based chemotherapy: a randomized controlled trial. 353 48

Oxalato-platinum in a new platinum derivative which was found to be active in experimental tumors and devoid of nephrotoxicity. A phase I study was conducted in cancer patients according to a new design following the recommendations of our Institution's ethical committee to avoid the major drawback of classical phase I studies in which many patients receive the experimental drug at doses far under the potentially active dose extrapolated from experimental studies. The potentially active dose of l-OHP was determined from the Maximally Efficient Dose Range (MEDR) to be between 45 mg/m2 (subcurative dose) and 67 mg/m2 (subtoxic dose). The patients in this study received with increasing intervals 1/100, 1/10, 1/5, 1/3, 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 1, of the low dose of the MEDR, this dose being reached after 90 to 120 days on study. 23 evaluable patients have entered the trial of which 19 reached the low dose of MEDR (45 mg/m2). Gastro-intestinal toxicity, nausea and vomiting, similar to those with CDDP occurred in all patients at or above the dose of 30 mg/m2. Renal toxicity was monitored with creatinine level and did not occur in any patient at any dose nor did significant hematologic toxicity occur. Thus nausea and vomiting appear to be the limiting toxicity of the drug. Responses were observed in this phase I study in lung cancer (1), breast cancer (1), melanoma (1) and perhaps hepatoma (major decrease in alpha FP levels) (1). The proposed starting dose for phase II studies is 45 mg/m2 but we plan to continue dose escalation during the phase II according to the design of Jones and Holland. This new study design allows each patient entering a phase I study to be treated with a potentially active dose of the drug studied.
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PMID:A phase I trial of trans-1-diaminocyclohexane oxalato-platinum (l-OHP). 358 May 5

The clinical development of the second generation platinum complex iproplatin (CHIP) is reviewed. The compound was virtually non-nephrotoxic in preclinical toxicology studies and had myelosuppression as its dose-limiting toxicity in rats and dogs. A phase I study of 20-350 mg/m2 given every 3-4 weeks showed the compound to have myelosuppression as its dose-limiting toxicity in humans, with thrombocytopenia being the most prominent feature. Nausea and vomiting were almost universal, but were less severe than with cisplatin. Diarrhoea and skin rash were also noted but nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and ototoxicity were not seen. The maximum tolerated dose was 350 mg/m2, with or without pretreatment hydration. In pharmacokinetic studies three platinum-containing species were measured: total Pt, non-protein bound Pt and unchanged iproplatin. Plasma decay of total Pt was biphasic with a beta-phase half-life of 69.3 h. Plasma decay of unchanged iproplatin was monophasic with a half-life of about 1.17 h. Plasma decay of filterable Pt followed a monophasic pattern at low doses and a biphasic pattern at high doses. Urinary excretion of Pt was widely variable and incomplete. Early data from phase II studies indicate a high degree of activity in small-cell lung cancer; high activity in ovarian carcinoma has been reported by others.
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PMID:Clinical development of iproplatin (CHIP). 373 51


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