Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

New cisplatinum derivatives of 254-S, DWA2114R and NK121 developed in Japan were reviewed. These three compounds have less nephrotoxicity and nausea/vomiting than cisplatinum, but have more myelotoxicity. 254-S showed activities against carcinomas of the head and neck, lung, esophagus, urinary tract, prostate, testis, ovary and cervix. DWA2114R showed activities against carcinoma of the ovary, prostate, testis and breast. NK121 is under phase II study. A randomized controlled study of 254-S for non-small-cell lung cancer and DWA2114R for ovarian cancer was performed compared to cisplatinum. The antitumor activity of these compounds was not different from cisplatinum, however the hydration was much less than cisplatinum. These cisplatinum derivatives of 254-S and DWA2114R were thought to be useful for QOL of the patients treated with cisplatinum compound.
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PMID:[Cisplatinum compounds]. 838 Jun 87

The purpose of this descriptive longitudinal study was to describe the relationship of nutritional intake to weight change, symptom distress, and functional status over a six-month period in 28 subjects with progressive lung cancer. The majority of the subjects had non-small cell lung cancer and had lost less than 10% of their body weight at the time of study entry. Body weight, hunger, symptom distress, and functional status were measured every six weeks, beginning two months after diagnosis, for a six-month period. Three-day diet records, which were completed immediately prior to each time point, were averaged to obtain nutrient intake data. Average weight change and nutritional intake showed little variation over time, but the ranges were large. Lower intake of kilocalories was moderately related to functional status at Times 1 and 5 (r = -0.56; r = -0.66, respectively). Kilocalorie intake at a previous time was related to subsequent functional decline at two of the six-week data points (r = -0.71; r = -0.75). Weight change was not directly related to kilocalorie intake. Percentage of weight loss over time was greater in subjects younger than 65 years of age, in those with small cell lung cancer, and in those who received chemotherapy. Symptom distress and symptoms of hunger, nausea, and appetite disturbance showed subtle fluctuations over the six-month period and had inconsistent relationships with food intake over time. Further study is needed to describe nutritional changes that follow a diagnosis of lung cancer and to identify areas for nursing intervention.
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PMID:Nutritional intake, weight change, symptom distress, and functional status over time in adults with lung cancer. 838 62

The usefulness of alprazolam (minor tranquilizer) used in combination with metoclopramide plus methylprednisolone for the prevention and control of emesis induced by chemotherapies, including 5-day continuous intravenous infusion of cisplatin (25 mg/m2/day) for advanced lung cancer, was evaluated using a double-blind randomized crossover design. In our study, 34 cases could be evaluated. No nausea was observed in 14 patients given alprazolam and 4 placebo (p < .01). The mean number of vomiting episodes was significantly smaller in the alprazolam group (1.31 +/- 2.61 vs 2.89 +/- 4.59 times) (p < .01). The mean duration of nausea and vomiting was significantly shorter in the alprazolam group (p < .001 and p < .01). From these findings, it can be concluded that the coadministration of alprazolam is effective in preventing and controlling chemotherapy-induced emesis due to 5-day continuous intravenous infusion of cisplatin in which mental and psychological factors are involved.
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PMID:Antiemetic efficacy of alprazolam in the combination of metoclopramide plus methylprednisolone. Double-blind randomized crossover study in patients with cisplatin-induced emesis. 839 88

Edatrexate (10-ethyl, 10-deaza-aminopterin; 10-EdAM) is one of a group of compounds developed by substitutions at the N10-position of 4-aminofolate. In phase I and II trials, activity has been seen against non-small-cell lung cancer, breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and cancer of the head and neck. In preclinical studies, a synergistic effect has been reported when edatrexate is combined with other antineoplastic drugs, and enhanced activity has been seen in two combination-chemotherapy phase II studies in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. In in vivo preclinical studies, edatrexate has demonstrated antitumor activity against mouse solid and ascites tumors as well as human tumor xenografts. The activity is superior to that of methotrexate and the other antifolates tested. The improved therapeutic index of edatrexate appears to be related to its increased entry into, and polyglutamylation within, tumor cells, and its relative exclusion and rapid elimination from sensitive host tissues, compared to methotrexate. Edatrexate is metabolized in the liver and then excreted mainly in the bile. In clinical trials in cancer patients, the dose-limiting and most frequent toxicity is mucositis. Other side effects are generally mild and include myelosuppression, nausea, vomiting, elevations in SGOT, and macular rash. The responses seen in clinical trials along with preclinical data suggest that edatrexate may be a valuable agent in the treatment of cancer. Studies currently underway include the evaluation of edatrexate in small-cell lung cancer and edatrexate in combination with leucovorin, new vinca alkaloids, and cisplatin.
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PMID:Edatrexate, an antifolate with antitumor activity: a review. 842 95

The aim of the study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) for the combination of high-dose epirubicin and vinorelbine in chemotherapy-naive patients with inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Twenty-one patients with stage IIIB and IV NSCLC were treated in a single-centre study with escalating doses of epirubicin and vinorelbine given on an outpatient basis. The first dose level comprised epirubicin 100 mg m-2 on day 1 and vinorelbine 20 mg m-2 (days 1 and 8) given intravenously every 3 weeks. Escalating doses for epirubicin and vinorelbine were respectively 120 (day 1) and 20 (days 1 and 8), 120 (day 1) and 25 (days 1 and 8) and 135 (day 1) and 25 (days 1 and 8) mg m-2. Inclusion criteria were age < or = 75 years, ECOG performance score < or = 2 and normal renal, hepatic and bone marrow functions. Dose-limiting toxicities were thrombocytopenia grade II and neutropenia grade III on day 8, febrile neutropenia, and neutropenia lasting > 7 days. No dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was observed at the first dose level; at the 135/25 mg m-2 dose level three out of six patients had a DLT which was considered as unacceptable. The only non-haematological toxicity reaching grade III was nausea/vomiting. One patient showed cardiac toxicity. No neurotoxicity and no treatment-related deaths were seen. The maximum tolerated dose of epirubicin and vinorelbine is 135 mg m-2 (day 1) and 25 mg m-2 (days 1 and 8) respectively, causing mainly haematological toxicity. The recommended dose of epirubicin and vinorelbine for phase II studies is found to be 120 mg m-2 and 20 mg m-2 respectively.
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PMID:Phase I study of high-dose epirubicin and vinorelbine in previously untreated non-small-cell lung cancer stage IIIB-IV. 851 75

We performed a phase II study to assess the efficacy and toxicity of the cisplatin-UFT-leucovorin (LV) combination in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Twenty-five patients with measurable disease who had not received prior chemotherapy were entered into the trial. The therapeutic regimen consisted of cisplatin 90 mg/m(2) and i.v. LV 500 mg/m(2) on day 1, followed by oral UFT 390 mg/m(2)/day (in two doses on days 1 through 14. Patients also received oral LV 15 mg/12 h on days 2 through 14. Seventeen patients required reduced doses of UFT (200 mg/m(2) due to toxicity. Courses were repeated every 28 days for a minimum of three per patient. Three of 25 patients (12%) achieved a partial response (95% CI: 2.6 to 32.2%), two with 390 mg/m(2)/day and one with 200 mg/m(2)/day of UFT. The main side effects were hematological and gastrointestinal. In the courses including 390 mg/m(2)/day of UFT, grade 3-4 toxicity was leucopenia in 18% of the courses, nausea/vomiting in 27%, and diarrhea and epigastralgia in 13% each. Grade 3-4 toxicities for 200 mg/m(2)/day of UFT were leucopenia 2%, nausea/vomiting 9% and diarrhea 7%. In conclusion, this regimen cannot be recommend for the treatment of advanced NSCLC due to its low response rate and high toxicity.
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PMID:Cisplatin and UFT modulated with leucovorin for the treatment of Advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. 861 Jun 33

From April 1993 to September 1994, a prospective multicenter phase III clinical trial on PVI in the management of malignant effusion was carried out. Five hundred and nine patients, including 382 with lung cancer, 54 with breast cancer, 16 with malignant lymphoma, 57 with other malignancies complicated with pleural effusion were treated with intrapleural injections of PVI. The over-all response rate was 82.7% (421/509). For comparison, 41 patients with cancer of the lung (n = 31), breast (n = 6) and other sites (n = 4) also complicated with pleural effusion were treated by intrapleural PDD. The overall response rate in the latter treatment group was 61.0% (25/41). Fever and local pain were the major adverse reactions in the PVI treated patients while nausea, vomiting and myelosuppression in the PDD-treated control patients.
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PMID:[Results of phase III clinical trial of Pseudomonas jinanensis vaccine injection (PVI) in the treatment of malignant pleural effusion]. 869 3

The aims of this study were (a) to estimate the prevalence of pain and eight other common symptoms in a large population of patients with advanced cancer from different palliative care centers, and (b) to assess the differences in prevalence of the symptoms by primary site. In 1990-1991, the prevalence of eight major symptoms and performance status were assessed prospectively among 1840 cancer patients in seven hospices in Europe, the United States, and Australia. The data were collected at each institution using structured data collection sheets from the World Health Organization's (WHO) Cancer and Palliative Care Unit. The prevalence of moderate to severe pain was 51%, ranging from 43% in stomach cancer to 80% in gynecological cancers. Nausea was most prevalent in gynecological (42%) and stomach (36%) cancers, and dyspnea (46%) in lung cancer. There were statistically significant differences in the prevalence of most symptoms depending on the primary site of cancer and the hospice. Population-based follow-up studies are needed to document the incidence and prevalence of symptoms throughout the course of the disease.
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PMID:Prevalence of symptoms among patients with advanced cancer: an international collaborative study. Symptom Prevalence Group. 871 10

A crossover clinical trial between granisetron alone and granisetron combined with methylprednisolone (MPL) was undertaken for the prevention of nausea and vomiting during chemotherapy, including cisplatin, in 12 patients with advanced primary and metastatic lung cancer. The antiemetic effect was obtained in 91.7% (11/12 cases) of patients receiving granisetron alone compared to 100% (12/12 cases) of patients receiving the combination of granisetron plus MPL. Complete control of anorexia was achieved in 91.6% (11/12 cases) of patients receiving the combination compared to 58.3% (7/12 cases) of patients receiving granisetron alone. Moreover there was a significant improvement of delayed clinical symptoms including nausea, vomiting, and anorexia in the patients receiving the combination of granisetron plus MPL. Our data suggest that the antiemetic effect of the combination of granisetron plus MPL is superior to granisetron alone in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy.
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PMID:[Comparative trial of granisetron alone and granisetron plus methylprednisolone for prevention of nausea and vomiting during cancer chemotherapy]. 875 6

We aimed to determine whether or not therapeutic drug monitoring is applicable to 21-day oral etoposide treatment for lung cancer. As the starting dose, a 25-mg capsule of etoposide was taken orally three times daily (75 mg/body). To achieve the target concentration range of 1.0 to 1.5 micrograms/ml, the dose was changed to two (50 mg/body) or four (100 mg/body) times a day from day 5, depending on the mean concentration obtained on days 3 and 4 (Cbefore). The mean concentration was calculated by use of a limited sampling model we constructed previously. Among 26 courses in 15 patients, two patients experienced grade 4 leukopenia plus neutropenia, and one of them died on day 20. Because nausea/emesis prevented the planned dose escalation in one patient, we excluded two courses of this patient from the pharmacokinetic analysis of dose modification. Among 5 courses with dose reduction, the Cbefore of 1.7 +/- 0.1 (microgram/ml, mean +/- SE) was decreased to 1.3 +/- 0.2 after day 5 (Cafter). Among 7 courses with dose escalation, the Cbefore of 0.9 +/- 0.0 was increased to the Cafter of 1.2 +/- 0.1. Among the remaining 12 courses without dose modification, the Cbefore and the Cafter were 1.2 +/- 0.0 and 1.3 +/- 0.1, respectively. Hematologic toxicities tended to correlate with the drug concentration. TDM is thus applicable to oral etoposide given according to this schedule, and a larger study is now needed to confirm that the therapeutic efficacy is improved by introducing TDM.
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PMID:Therapeutic drug monitoring in 21-day oral etoposide treatment for lung cancer. 879 93


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