Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A phase I clinical study of intravenous Tegafur was conducted in nineteen previously treated patients with primary lung cancer. The dose of Tegafur was elevated from 1.0 to 3.0 g/m2/day for five consecutive days to determine the maximum tolerated dose. The dose-limiting factors were gastrointestinal and neurological toxicity and fatigability observed with the dose level of 2.5 g/m2/day for 5 days. Hematologic, hepatic and renal toxicities were not observed. Gastrointestinal toxicity including nausea, vomiting, anorexia and diarrhea of over grade 2 were seen to result from the dose of 2.5 g/m2/day. Neurological toxicity consisted of headache, dizziness, anxiety and depression. At the dose level of 2.0 g/m2/day, one patient, who had epileptic seizures in the past, experienced a psychomotor seizure. Depression (Grade 2 CNS toxicity) was observed at the dose level of 3.0 g/m2/day. Dose limiting factors were neurological toxicities. The pharmacokinetics of tegafur and 5-FU (the active form of Tegafur) has been studied in all patients. Serum level of tegafur was measured by HPLC method, and serum level of 5-FU was analyzed by GC-MS method. At the dose level greater than 2.0 g/m2/day for 5 days, the mean serum 5-FU values appear over the therapeutic range (0.1 micrograms/ml). In conclusion, 2.5 g/m2/day for 5 days was considered to be MTD, and 2.0 g/m2/day for 5 days intravenous administration was recommended for the phase II trial of single agent chemotherapy.
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PMID:[High-dose Tegafur (FT) for primary lung cancer: a phase I trial]. 201 1

The Goldie-Coldman model explaining the kinetics of tumor cell kill and drug resistance has a potential application in designing chemotherapy regimes. In this Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) trial we tested the alternation of two potentially noncrossresistant drug combinations with a concurrent drug combination in patients with limited small-cell lung cancer. The concurrent drug combination consisted of etoposide (VP-16), 75 mg/m2/intravenously (IV), days 1, 2, and 3; vincristine, 1.0 mg/m2/IV, days 1 and 8; Adriamycin (doxorubicin; Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH), 40 mg/m2/IV, day 1; and cyclophosphamide, 750 mg/m2/IV, day 1 (EVAC). The alternating combination consisted of VP-16, 100 mg/m2/IV, days 1, 2, and 3; and cisplatin (CDDP), 100 mg/m2/IV, day 1, alternating with vincristine, 1.0 mg/m2/IV, days 1 and 8; Adriamycin, 50 mg/m2/IV, day 1; and cyclophosphamide, 750 mg/m2/IV, day 1 (VP-16/CDDP-VAC). Chemotherapy was administered at 3-week intervals for six cycles both before and after chest (5,000 rads/5 weeks) and whole brain radiotherapy (3,000 rads/2 weeks). One hundred ninety-nine patients received EVAC and 201 received the alternating combination. There was no significant difference in the response rate to the initial six cycles of treatment with EVAC (CR, 40%) versus the alternating combination (CR, 38%). There was no significant difference between the best response, EVAC (CR, 48%) and VP-16/CDDP-VAC (CR, 51%). Median survival for all randomized patients on EVAC is 15.1 months versus 16.5 months on the alternating combination (P = .58). Toxicities consisted primarily of bone marrow suppression, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, peripheral neuropathies, and alopecia. As in previous trials, the chest was the most common site of relapse (33%). There were no differences in the incidence and sites of relapse between the two treatment arms. These treatments appear equally effective at inducing remission and prolonging survival in patients with small-cell lung cancer.
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PMID:Treatment of limited small-cell lung cancer with etoposide and cisplatin alternating with vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide versus concurrent etoposide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide and chest radiotherapy: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. 215 94

We examined the quality of life in the arterial infusion chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma patients using a questionnaire. The questionnaire used a category scale method of five grades. The questions about the quality of life covered ten areas for investigation (appetite, discomfort pain, nausea, daily activities, sleep, fatigue, time with family and friends, thinking about illness and confidence in the treatment). We added up scale points after one week and those after two weeks after the treatment. Patients after one-shot infusion showed aggravated scale points of anorexia and discomfort. Patients after transcatheter arterial embolization showed scale points of abdominal pain, general fatigue and discouragement about illness. Scale points in matters of thinking about illness and confidence in the treatment informed us about confidence in the course of treatment and comprehension of illness by cancer patients. How do we measure the quality of our care? This is difficult, but we thought the rate of being at home in survival might furnish us with much information in respect to the treatment and the quality of our care. In 36 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with transcatheter arterial infusion and embolization, the arithmetic mean survival time after treatment was 412.1 days and time at home was 305.6 days. The rate of being at home doing survival time was 74.2% after the arterial infusion chemotherapy in 39 patients. The rate of being at home in 9 cases with one-shot infusion of Adriamycin was 43.5% (111 days); that in 9 cases with infusion of Mitomycin C microcapsules was 86.6% (716 days); that in 17 cases with transcatheter arterial embolization using spongel was 72.0% (234 days),; and that in 4 cases with infusion using implantable reservoir was 84.6% (220 days). In non-resected patients with chemotherapy, the rate of being at home was 20.3% for 61 cases of gastric cancer patients, 30.7% for 11 cases of colon cancer, 9.6% for 14 cases of gallbladder cancer and 39.8% for 112 cases of lung cancer. The arterial infusion and embolization of hepatocellular carcinoma has made it possible to lengthen the time that patients may stay home and thereby assure good quality of life.
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PMID:[Evaluation of quality of life in arterial infusion chemotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma]. 216 36

We have carried out the Phase II study by oral administration of UFT enteric-coated granules (UE) against various malignant tumors. Out of 45 patients entered in the study, 40 patients were evaluable: 36 patients among them had measurable lesions. PR (partial response) were obtained in two (11.1%) out of 18 patients with gastric cancer and one (50.0 %) out of 2 patients with lung cancer. Total response rate was 8.3%. Side effects by UE were slight; that is, anorexia (13.3%), nausea and vomiting (8.9%), generalized malaise (8.9%) and so forth. UE, as a long-term therapy, can be considered a useful drug against cancers with less side effects.
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PMID:[Clinical results of UFT enteric-coated granule therapy under cooperative study (phase II study). Tokyo Cancer Chemotherapy Cooperative Study Group]. 222 28

An alteration in the serum elastase 1 level in a previously non-diabetic patient, who unfortunately developed the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non-ketotic syndrome (HHNS), was observed after intravenous hyperalimentation for 6 days. The patient underwent the therapy because of the occurrence of severe persistent anorexia which appeared as a side effect of treatment of lung cancer with combined anticancer drugs. In parallel with progressive dehydration, levels of serum elastase 1 and urine glucose became greatly elevated at an earlier stage of HHNS. A slight increase in serum alpha 1-antitrypsin was observed. However, there were no significant changes in serum amylase activity and serum alpha 2-macroglobulin level before or during HHNS. The elevation of the serum elastase 1 level was considered to be due to serum electrolyte abnormalities and the defect of serum alpha 2-macro-globulin elevation. Rehydration therapy with half-normal saline solution immediately produced negative urine glucose, but the serum elastase 1 level only gradually normalized after improvement of HHNS.
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PMID:Significance of increased serum elastase 1 level during the hyperosmolar hyperglycemic non-ketotic syndrome. 244 40

Forty-two patients with advanced lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy containing cisplatin (80 mg/m2) were submitted to a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of the combination of metoclopramide and dexamethasone for the treatment of delayed cisplatin-induced emesis occurring more than 24 hours after cisplatin administration. All patients received intravenously (i.v.) high-dose metoclopramide and dexamethasone on the day of cisplatin treatment. Excellent emetic control (no emesis during the 24 hours following cisplatin administration) was achieved in 30 out of 41 patients (73%) with this combination. Patients treated i.v. with metoclopramide and dexamethasone on days 2-7 experienced less delayed emesis, nausea and anorexia compared to those treated with a placebo (delayed emesis, 25 vs 50%, respectively, P = 0.105; more than four days of nausea, 10 vs 35%, respectively, P = 0.059; less than three days of anorexia, 80 vs 50%, respectively, P = 0.048). Although the results of the study showed no statistically significant advantage with the combination of i.v. metoclopramide and dexamethasone for patients treated with cisplatin, in view of the short duration of anorexia and the marginal reduction in nausea. Female patients tended to have more emetic episodes and extrapyramidal side effects (except akathisia) than male patients, but the differences were not statistically significant except for acute emesis (P less than 0.005).
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PMID:Control of cisplatin-induced delayed emesis with metoclopramide and dexamethasone: a randomized controlled trial. 292 17

A phase II study of VP-16, a semisynthetic Podophyllotoxin, was performed in patients with solid tumors. VP-16 was administered orally at a dose of 200mg/day for 5 consecutive days at 3 to 4-week intervals. Out of 41 patients who were entered into the study, 35 patients comprising 17 lung cancer, 10 hepatoma and 8 other tumors were evaluable. There were 4 partial responses (23.5%) for lung cancer, 1 (10.0%) for hepatoma and 1 for rhabdomyosarcoma. Overall response rate was 18.2% for patients with prior chemotherapy and 15.4% for those given no prior chemotherapy respectively. Thus the results indicated VP-16 has no cross-resistance to other antitumor agents. Leukopenia (less than 4,000/mm3) and thrombocytopenia (less than 10 X 10(4)/mm3) were observed in 72.7% and 29.4% of the patients, respectively. Other toxicities were alopecia (59.5%) and gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea (46.2%), vomiting (20.5%) and anorexia (20.5%), but these were all well tolerated.
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PMID:[Phase II study of VP-16 (capsule) in solid tumors. A cooperative study]. 298 32

A clinical trial of a new semi-synthetic podophyllotoxin, VP-16, was undertaken in patients with primary lung cancer; 56 of the 81 evaluable patients had small cell carcinoma, 9 adenocarcinoma, 8 epidermoid carcinoma, 7 large cell carcinoma, and 1 adenosquamous carcinoma. A dose of 200 mg/body/day orally for 5 consecutive days was administered every 3 to 4 weeks. Partial response (PR) was attained in 19 out of 81 (23%) and PR + MR was 35 out of 81 (43%). PR and minor response (MR) were seen as follows; small cell carcinoma, 17 PR (30%), 13 MR; epidermoid carcinoma, 2 PR (25%), 1 MR; adenocarcinoma, 1 MR; adenosquamous carcinoma, 1 MR. The dose-limiting factor was leukopenia, while thrombocytopenia was experienced in 2 cases. Clinical toxicities noted were anorexia, nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, diarrhea and alopecia, but these were well tolerated in all cases. The result indicated that VP-16 has considerable efficacy in small cell carcinoma and epidermoid carcinoma of the lung and hence its usefulness in combination chemotherapy was suggested.
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PMID:[A phase II study of oral VP-16 in primary lung cancer]. 299 76

A 53-year-old man complained of anorexia and abdominal distention of one month's duration. The chest X-ray demonstrated a mass in the left lung with hilar and mediastinal adenopathy and a lytic lesion in the right fourth rib. A transbronchoscopic biopsy of the mass revealed oat cell carcinoma (WHO classification). The endoscopic evaluation also revealed a gastric lesion (IIc type). Biopsy of this lesion indicated signet ring cell gastric cancer. An abdominal CT scan demonstrated multiple liver metastases. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed as having synchronous lung and gastric primaries, with liver and bone metastasis from lung cancer. Carboplatin (CBDCA) was administered by intravenous drip infusion of 450 mg/m2. After a second treatment with CBDCA about 3 weeks later, the patient achieved a partial response at the primary site of lung cancer as well as at the liver and bone metastases. In addition, repeat endoscopy of the stomach demonstrated a complete regression. A biopsy specimen taken by gastroscopy was negative for cancer cells. Subsequent chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer was administered with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and vincristine, and to date there is no evidence of recurrence. Further studies on CBDCA treatment of small cell lung cancer and gastric cancer are needed to establish the efficacy of this drug against these two histologically different cancers.
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PMID:A case report of synchronous small cell lung cancer and gastric cancer successfully treated with carboplatin. 301 77

Sixty patients with inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were entered into a phase II study that tested the combination of cisplatin (80 mg/m2, day, etoposide intravenously (IV) (100 mg, days 1 and etoposide orally (200 mg/m2, days 3 and 5). The regimen was repeated every 28 days for six courses, after which patients were allowed to receive additional treatment at the discretion of their physician. Overall objective response rate in 51 evaluable patients was 69% (95% confidence interval: range, 56% to 81%), with 16% sustaining complete remission (CR), 53% partial remission (PR), 17% stable disease (SD), and 14% progressive disease (PD). CR was pathologically confirmed by bronchoscopy and biopsy. One patient with a clinical PR underwent surgery and was shown to have a pathologic CR. Median survival of all evaluable patients was 52 weeks, greater than 75 weeks for CR patients, 52 weeks for PR patients, 42 weeks for SD patients, and 13 weeks for PD patients. Eleven patients (21.5%) developed CNS metastases, which resulted in the deaths of ten. Survival was significantly correlated with extent of disease, performance status, and albumin level, but not with histology or weight loss. Tumor response was significantly correlated only with histology (squamous-cell and large-cell undifferentiated carcinoma greater than adenocarcinoma). Side effects were nausea, vomiting, anorexia, alopecia, bone marrow suppression, and nephrotoxicity. One patient died from leukopenia and sepsis. Pharmacokinetic studies in ten patients showed the continuous presence of etoposide in plasma for six days at a level of at least 220 to 480 ng/mL. In order to investigate whether this very effective combination of cisplatin and etoposide can prolong survival in NSCLC, it will be tested as preoperative chemotherapy in a randomized trial in operable patients with T1N1 and T2N0-1 disease.
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PMID:A multicenter phase II trial of cisplatin and oral etoposide (VP-16) in inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer. 302 Jul 7


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