Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

BALF from tumor segments provides access to immune system cells in contact with lung tumors. We analyzed BALF cells as to their production of H2O2 and NO, comparing tumor-affected to non-affected lung segments. Twelve patients were studied (4 NSCLC, 3 SCC, 5 Adenocarcinoma). The cell numbers recovered from BALF varied, and, in adenocarcinoma patients, smaller numbers were recovered from tumor-affected segments. H2O2 production (up to 6.3 nmoles/2x10(5)cells) was obtained in 7/12 patients and, in these, it was more frequent in non-affected segments (7/7) than in affected segments (2/7). After culture, NO production was observed in three patients (6 to 314 microM) that also produced H2O2. These functional characteristics of cells in contact with neoplasia may have a role in determining the fate of the interactions between the immune system and lung cancer.
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PMID:Functional analysis of cells obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of lung cancer patients. 1582 May 5

Following the trends in lung cancer (LC) morbidity and mortality rates can show past trends of cigarette smoking and can give clues on some geographical factors. The demographics of LC patients and the histopathologic distribution of their disease in the Thrace region of Turkey have yet to be defined. A retrospective chart review of primary LC patients admitted to the pulmonology department of Trakya University Hospital between 1992 and 2001 was performed. Charts were available for review in 521 of 567 patients. The mean age was 61 +/- 10 years (30-86 years) and 497 (95.4%) patients were male (male/female ratio= 20.7). When compared with national and international data, male/female ratio for the LC patients from Thrace region was higher than the ratio found from Turkey in general and also from other countries. Adenocarcinoma (ADC) was present in seven of the 24 (29.2%) of the females and prevalence of ADC was more than 2.5 times in females than males (p< 0.05). Squamous cell types were more common in males. Histopathological type did not vary with age in females, but small cell carcinoma was more prevalent in males under the age of 45 (44.7% if . 45 years old vs. 29.1% if > 45 years old, p< 0.05). These data may support that the LC associated with smoking is in the earlier phase of the epidemic in Thrace region. Monitoring the LC trend in our region can give clues on evolving cigarette design and smoking attitudes and geographic factors.
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PMID:Lung cancer histopathology in the Thrace region of Turkey and comparison with national data. 1610 Jun 49

Maspin, a mammary homologue of Serine Protease Inhibitors, has been shown to inhibit tumor progression and metastasis. Recently, its biological functions have been linked to its subcellular localization. Specifically, a nuclear, opposed to a combined nuclear and cytoplasmic localization has been associated with increased survival in human malignancies, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, it is not known whether transformation affects maspin expression during lung carcinogenesis, and whether its subcellular localization correlates with the morphological features of NSCLC. To address these questions, we studied maspin expression in a model of transformation of bronchial epithelial cells and in resected NSCLC. We found that decreased maspin accompanied chemical transformation of normal immortalized bronchial epithelial cells BEAS 2B. Immunohistochemistry revealed maspin expression to be virtually universal in NSCLC, occurring in 72/77 Adenocarcinoma (ACa), and 46/46 squamous cell carcinoma (SqCCa). SqCCa showed almost exclusively a combined nuclear-cytosolic stain. In contrast, nuclear maspin, but not combined nuclear-cytoplasmic maspin significantly correlated with low histological grade, lower proliferative rate, absence of invasion, and negative p53 stain in ACa. These data support the hypothesis that nuclear localization of maspin may stratify subtypes of NSCLC with favorable clinical-pathological features.
Lung Cancer 2006 Jan
PMID:Maspin nuclear localization is linked to favorable morphological features in pulmonary adenocarcinoma. 1615 82

Apart from cigarette smoking, genetic factors seem to be of importance in the development of lung cancer. The present case-control study investigated frequencies of five inflammatory response gene polymorphisms (TNF-alpha-308, TNF-beta-Intron1-252, IL-6-174, IL-10-819 and IL-10-1082) in patients with lung cancer and controls. The study population consisted of 117 patients with lung cancer (77 patients with NSCLC, including 40 Squamous Cell Carcinoma and 26 Adenocarcinoma, and 40 patients with SCLC), 117 matched controls without pulmonary disease and 243 healthy individuals (population control). Genotype analyses revealed no difference in genotype frequencies using matched-pair analysis. However, in comparison to the population control, the IL-10-1082 genotypes carrying the G allele appeared with higher frequency in the SCLC group (p=0.006) [SCLC: 84.6%, population controls: 64.6%]. This yields an odds ratio of 3.01 for SCLC (95% CI = [1.21, 7.48]). No associations were seen for all other polymorphisms analysed. The study raises the possibility of a correlation between the IL-10-1082_G allele and the presence of SCLC in a German population. The functional IL-10-1082 polymorphism correlates with altered IL-10 levels and might influence lung cancer susceptibility by altered inflammatory responses in the airways.
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PMID:TNF-alpha, TNF-beta, IL-6, and IL-10 polymorphisms in patients with lung cancer. 1627 11

HIV infection predisposes patients to AIDS-defining malignancies, some of which, such as Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, can affect the lungs. In 1996, AIDS-related mortality started to fall sharply in industrialized countries following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral treatments (HAART). This was accompanied by an increase in the proportion of deaths attributable to non AIDS-defining solid tumors, and especially lung cancer (LC). The increased risk of LC relative to the general population of the same age seems to be due partly to a higher prevalence of smoking among HIV-infected subjects. The average age of HIV-infected patients at LC diagnosis is about 45 years. Most patients are symptomatic at diagnosis and have only mild or moderate immunosuppression. LC is diagnosed when it is locally advanced or metastatic (stages III-IV) in 75-90% of cases, as in patients with unknown HIV serostatus. Adenocarcinoma is the most frequent histologic type. The prognosis of LC is poorer in HIV-infected patients than in the general population. Data on the efficacy and toxicity of chemotherapy in this setting are rare and rather imprecise. Surgery remains the reference treatment for localized disease in patients with adequate functional status and general health, regardless of their immune status. Prospective clinical trials are needed to define the optimal LC treatment strategies in HIV-infected patients.
Lung Cancer 2006 Jan
PMID:Lung cancer, a new challenge in the HIV-infected population. 1630 Aug 54

A 68-year-old man suffered right facial palsy and left deafness, however, his condition was considered to be idiopathic and he was followed. Three months later, bloody sputum and hoarseness caused him to be admitted to our hospital. An abnormal shadow was detected in the right upper lung field and adenocarcinoma of the lung with multiple brain metastases was diagnosed. He underwent gamma-knife radiosurgery for the brain lesions and subsequent systemic chemotherapy consisting of combined carboplatin and paclitaxel, which were not effective. Subsequently various neurological symptoms appeared, such as muscle weakness of the extremities, dizziness, and gait disturbance. Adenocarcinoma cells confirmed in the cerebrospinal fluid were similar to those in the obtained by transbronchial curetting. Whole-brain irradiation was performed, however, the neurological symptoms worsened and he died. Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is difficult to diagnose while the patient is alive. It is thought that cranial neuropathy due to leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is a rare form of onset for lung cancer.
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PMID:[A case of lung cancer with cranial neuropathy as the first sign of onset due to metastatic leptomeningeal carcinomatosis]. 1636 64

Computed tomography (CT) has been compared to plain radiographs and bronchial washings as a screening tool for lung cancer. In comparison with other screening modalities, CT allows detection of lung lesions at an earlier cancer stage. Technologic improvements have decreased imaging costs, thus making chest CT a more feasible option as a screening tool in the community hospital. In this study, smokers over the age of 45 years with a greater than 20 pack-year smoking history were referred for screening chest CT. Noncalcified nodules larger than 10 mm underwent CT-guided biopsy, and smaller nodules underwent follow-up CT in 3 months. Currently, patients have been followed for 4 years. The prevalence, stage, and histology of lung cancer were compared to study results from academic centers. Eighty-seven patients underwent screening chest CT. The study population was 51 per cent male with a mean age of 64 +/- 9 years. Four (3 female and 1 male) patients were biopsied and found to have lung cancer giving a prevalence of 5 per cent. Stage IA disease was found in three patients and stage IIIA disease was found in one patient. Adenocarcinoma was present in two patients, adeno-squamous carcinoma in one patient, and squamous cell carcinoma in one patient. The stage and histology of lung carcinomas in this study were comparable to studies performed at larger institutions. However, the disease prevalence was almost double the highest prevalence found in other studies. This discrepancy could be related to study size, as the patient populations were similar. Clearly, screening chest CT in the community setting is equally efficacious in the diagnosis of lung cancer at earlier stages. Following these patients beyond the 5-year mark will give some insight on the effect of screening chest CT on the mortality of lung cancer.
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PMID:Lung cancer screening with low-dose spiral computed tomography. 1644 70

Using cases from an ongoing case-control study, we completed a case series analysis by comparing epidemiologic, clinical and survival characteristics among lung cancer patients characterized by age at diagnosis. Our sample included 230 early onset lung cancer (EOLC) (all Caucasian and no older than 50 years of age at diagnosis) and 426 later-onset cases (LOLC) (all Caucasian and no younger than 70 years of age at diagnosis) who were referred to The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston between 1995 and 2004. Detailed lifestyle, exposure, clinical, survival and self-reported cancer family history data were available from personal interviews. We observed a higher proportion of never smokers (23.9%) for the EOLC cases as compared to the LOLC cases (17.6%) and a higher proportion of former smokers (59.4%) among the LOLC cases compared to EOLC cases (17.8%). Adenocarcinoma was the most common histology (55.2%) among the EOLC cases. More (83.4%) of the EOLC cases presented with stage 3 or 4 lung cancer compared to the LOLC cases (58.6%). Median (M) survival was 16.7 months among the EOLC cases (M = 19.2 months for the LOLC cases) and the 24-month survival rate was 20.6% for the EOLC cases and 29.5% for the LOLC cases. Female EOLC cases (M = 20.7 months) exhibited better survival than male EOLC cases (M = 13.0 months, P = 0.004). EOLC cases diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma had poorer survival (M = 8.2 months) compared to cases with other histologies (P < 0.001). For both groups, higher stage at presentation was associated with poorer survival (P < 0.001). These findings support the need for further study in the characterization and identification of genetic factors that influence and modulate early onset lung cancer risk and outcome.
Lung Cancer 2006 May
PMID:An epidemiologic study of early onset lung cancer. 1656 1

Adenocarcinoma (ADC) is the most frequent histological type of lung cancer and comprises the majority of lung cancers in non-smokers. Thus, genetic factors responsible for ADC susceptibility need to be determined to establish efficient ways of preventing the disease. The OGG1 gene, encoding a glycosylase for 8-hydroxyguanine, an oxidatively damaged promutagenic base, has the polymorphism Ser326Cys, and OGG1-326Cys protein was indicated to have a lower ability to prevent mutagenesis than the OGG1-326Ser protein. Case-control studies to date suggest that the OGG1-326Cys allele is associated with a higher risk for several types of cancers, including overall lung cancer. However, the contribution of this polymorphism to lung ADC risk is unclear. In the present study, the OGG1-Ser326Cys polymorphism was assessed for association with lung ADC risk using a case-control study of a Japanese population consisting of 1097 cases and 394 controls. Odds ratios (OR) of the 326Cys allele carriers increased in a dose-dependent manner with allele number (P for the trend test = 0.04). The OR of homozygotes for the 326Cys allele was increased significantly when homozygotes for the 326Ser allele were used as a reference (OR = 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0-2.1, P = 0.04). Furthermore, the overall OR for lung ADC of the Cys/Cys homozygotes out of a total of 1925 ADC patients and 3449 controls from six case-control studies reported up to the present were 1.43 (95% CI = 1.11-1.84, P = 0.0045). These results indicate that OGG1-326Cys functions as a risk allele for lung ADC development.
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PMID:Association of the OGG1-Ser326Cys polymorphism with lung adenocarcinoma risk. 1680 Aug 23

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in the world. It continues to have an enormous impact on health systems of all countries. The number of new cases is increasing in a rate of about 3% annually. Despite the advances in the detection and treatment of lung cancer, the overall 5-year survival still remains grim. Cigarette smoking remains the major risk factor on the incidence of cancer, with 90% of all lung cancers occurring in smokers. The frequency of different types of lung cancer is changing. Adenocarcinoma has become the most frequent histologic type (approximately 50%) while squamous, previously the most common, accounts for approximately one third of lung cancers, and small cell cancer for 15%. Prognosis is influenced by the stage of the disease at diagnosis and by the treatment. Screening trials that have begun in the early 1950s based on chest X-ray and sputum cytology did not produce improvement in overall mortality. Refinements in the staging classification of lung cancer and advances in stage identification were introduced in the 1990s. Post surgical mortality has declined since the 1950s but the 5-year survival rates have improved only minimally. A gradual improvement is seen in locally advanced inoperable non-small cell lung cancer, mainly due to addition of advanced chemotherapy and radical radiotherapy. Chemotherapy offers small improvement for patients with NSCLC. The management of small cell lung cancer, which appeared so promising in the 1970s has hit a plateau with vary little advance in the last years. The biological active agents currently in phase III trails offer some hope in the advance of therapy of lung cancer. The most important and cost-effective management for lung cancer is smoking cessation, but for those with this disease novel methods of treatment are urgently needed.
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PMID:100 years of lung cancer. 1956 61


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