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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We reviewed 649 primary lung cancer patients with special reference to the occurrence of thromboembolism. Thirteen episodes of thromboembolism were detected in 12 (1.8%) of the 649. Eight of the 12 were men, and their mean age was 63. Adenocarcinoma was the predominant cell type. Most patients had an advanced stage of the disease, but in some in the cancer was at an early stage. In 5 cases, the finding of thromboembolisms led to diagnosis of the lung cancer (38.5%). Anticoagulant therapy was performed in 9 cases, of which 8 responded without serious complication. We emphasize the importance of anticoagulant therapy as a therapy indicated for thromboembolism in patients with lung cancer.
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PMID:[Thromboembolism in lung cancer patients]. 1264 6

The objective of this study was to determine the factors associated with central airway versus peripheral bronchial location of lung cancer. All patients diagnosed with lung cancer from 1997 through 2000 in the Respiratory Disease Department of Rouen University Hospital were prospectively interviewed about their smoking and occupational history using a standardized questionnaire. All patients underwent white-light bronchial endoscopy using a 4.5 mm flexible endoscope. Tumors were classified as central when they were accessible and visible using this technique. Out of 217 cases of lung cancer included in this study, 155 (71%) were central. Histological type of lung cancer was strongly associated with bronchial location as central location was observed in 48, 82 and 92% of Adenocarcinoma (AC), Squamous Cell (SqC), and Small Cell Carcinoma (SCC), respectively (P<0.0001). Among non asbestos-exposed patients, location varied little with smoking status, with central location frequency ranging from 74 to 80%. In contrast, lung cancer was recorded central in 41% of long-term (> or =10 years) ex-smokers, 67% of short-term (<10 years) ex-smokers and 75% of current smokers (P=0.04) among patients exposed to asbestos, suggesting an interaction between duration of smoking cessation and occupational asbestos exposure with respect to lung cancer location. These findings were confirmed after adjustment for sex, age and histologic type in multivariate analysis. These results suggest that individually-tailored multimodality screening strategies relying on various combinations of low-dose CT scan, sputum analysis and fluorescence endoscopy according to each patient's profile may be more effective than standard strategies based on a single approach for all patients.
Lung Cancer 2003 Apr
PMID:Smoking status, occupational asbestos exposure and bronchial location of lung cancer. 1266 3

Adenocarcinoma is now the most common histological subtype of lung cancer;however, genetic factors that affect cancer susceptibility are largely unknown. In this study, we performed a systematic survey of the human genome with an average resolution of 10 cM to identify loci that could help us target novel risk genes for lung adenocarcinoma using linkage disequilibrium. Genotyping of DNA "pools" from 100 lung adenocarcinoma cases and 100 controls, respectively, for 322 microsatellite loci dispersed in the human genome led us to identify 5 loci at which allele distribution was significantly (P < 0.05) or marginally (0.05 </= P < 0.1) different between the cases and controls. One of the 5 loci, D19S246 at chromosome 19q13.3, showed significant differences both in the allele and genotype distributions in the subsequent analysis in which 239 lung adenocarcinoma cases and 63 controls were added to the 100 cases and 100 controls used for the initial screening (P = 0.037 and P = 0.026, respectively), whereas the remaining 4 loci did not. These results suggest that the chromosome 19q13.3 region encompassing D19S246 contains a gene(s) of which the genetic polymorphisms are associated with lung adenocarcinoma risk and are in linkage disequilibrium with the D19S246 locus.
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PMID:Identification of D19S246 as a novel lung adenocarcinoma susceptibility locus by genome survey with 10-cM resolution microsatellite markers. 1269 12

Adenocarcinoma of the lung is now the most common histologic subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) worldwide. In Chinese populations, the incidence of lung adenocarcinoma is amongst the highest worldwide and its development in non-smoking females is particularly striking. Information on the associated underlying genetic changes has been, however, minimal to date. The present study represents the first systematic analysis on the overall genetic changes in lung adenocarcinoma of Chinese female non-smokers. We undertook a genome-wide investigation into the abnormalities in lung adenocarcinomas of 18 life-long non-smoking Chinese females using the technique of comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). With a view to isolating the relative roles of gender, ethnicity and tobacco consumption, we recruited control groups of 10 Caucasian female non-smokers and 22 male Chinese smokers. Although gains on 1q, 5p, 7p and 8q, and regional losses on 8p, 17p, 13q and 18q were commonly seen, there were no significant differences between the Caucasian and Chinese non-smoking women. The observation suggests that lung adenocarcinomas, regardless of ethnic origin, adopt similar pathologic pathways during the accumulation of genetic events. Besides, genomic imbalances, particularly gains per tumor, were significantly more common among the tobacco-related tumors (P=0.006). In particular, regional over-representations of 13q21-q34 (P=0.044), 17q25 (P=0.015), 19q13.1 (P=0.044) and 22q (P=0.044) may have implications for the pathologic pathways associated with the tobacco-related lung adenocarcinoma.
Lung Cancer 2003 Jul
PMID:Genetic alterations of lung adenocarcinoma in relation to smoking and ethnicity. 1282 17

Adenocarcinoma (AC) is the most common type of lung cancer diagnosed in the United States, comprising up to 40% of tumors in smokers and 50-80% of tumors in never-smokers. Exposures to cigarette smoke, direct or second-hand, and radiation in the form of radon progeny are the major risk factors for lung AC in both smokers and never-smokers. The goal of the current study was to determine the prevalence for O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation in a large sample of central or peripheral ACs from smokers (n = 157), former uranium miners (n = 34), and never-smokers (n = 46). The mutation rate at codon 12 of the K-ras gene was determined to assess whether activation of this oncogene was associated with MGMT methylation. The overall prevalence for MGMT methylation was 51%. Significantly more tumors from never-smokers than smokers exhibited MGMT methylation (66 versus 47%, respectively). In contrast, exposure to radon through uranium mining did not affect the prevalence for methylation. The frequency of MGMT methylation was increased significantly in association with tumor stage. K-ras mutations were detected in 24% of all ACs and 22, 24, and 28% of tumors from never-smokers, smokers, and miners, respectively. Alterations in both the K-ras and MGMT genes were seen in only 11% of ACs. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates did not reveal any difference between patient survival with or without MGMT methylation. In contrast, survival was significantly reduced over the initial 60 months after diagnosis for patients with a transition mutation in the K-ras gene compared with those with a transversion mutation. This investigation demonstrates that MGMT promoter hypermethylation is a common event in the progression of early stage AC of the lung. We have shown that the incidence of MGMT methylation was significantly higher in never-smokers than smokers and have detected a higher frequency of mutations within the K-ras gene than previously reported in never-smokers. This study also suggests that K-ras activation is independent of MGMT methylation.
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PMID:Promoter hypermethylation of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase gene: more common in lung adenocarcinomas from never-smokers than smokers and associated with tumor progression. 1294 4

The epidemiology of lung cancer has changed in the last years in several countries all over the world. In the 19th century, the lung cancer was rare but it incidence increase drastically during the 20th century, and the tendency is to continue in the 20th century. Actually the lung cancer's incidence and mortality are higher in the developed countries, especially in Europe and Unites States of America, with a increasing in the women incidence. These geographic differences and gender differences are related with smoking habits. Women begin to smoke earlier and have more difficulty to stop, because of problems related with obesity; they have more sensibility to the carcinogens and the risk of lung cancer is 1.5 times higher than the men with the same habits. Adenocarcinoma is the more frequent histological type in young people, in the total of the women and in non-smokers. Many factors since tobacco, home and professional pollution, nutritional, associated diseases even genetic and hormonal factors have been investigated to define its influence in development in women lung cancer. It specificity in women with lung cancer is the common problem for the medical people to treat this disease (pathology).The literature about this problem is not clear, and is necessary to advance with many studies in this area with the objective to clarify this important question.
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PMID:[Lung cancer and women]. 1468 33

Human telomerase reverse transcriptase is a ribonucleoprotein that synthesises telomeric sequences, which decrease at each cell division. In cancer cells, its activity is linked to telomere maintenance leading to unlimited cellular proliferation and immortality. To evaluate the prognostic value of the catalytic subunit telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), we analysed its expression by immunohistochemistry in 122 formalin-fixed lung tumours including 42 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 43 adenocarcinoma (ADC), 19 basaloid carcinoma (BC) and 18 small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) in comparison with detection of hTERT mRNA by in situ hybridisation and relative telomerase activity by TRAP assay in a subset of tumours. We observed a high concordance between hTERT protein expression and detection of hTERT mRNA and telomerase activity. Telomerase expression varied according to histology (P=0.0002) being significantly lower in ADC than in SCC, BC and SCLC (P<0.0001). Adenocarcinoma and SCC exhibited either a nuclear or a nucleolar staining in contrast with a diffuse nuclear staining observed in most BC and all SCLC (P=0.01). In stage I NSCLC telomerase expression was lower than in other stages (P=0.04), and a nucleolar staining was correlated with a short survival (P=0.03). We concluded that telomerase expression and pattern are distinctive among histopathological classes of lung cancer and convey prognostic influence.
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PMID:Differential expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in lung tumours. 1502 5

Because few studies have assessed the accuracy of lung cancer histologic diagnoses reported by state cancer registries, we examined whether the Iowa Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Cancer Registry (i.e., the Iowa Cancer Registry)-reported lung cancer histologic diagnoses were reliable. We investigated agreement between lung cancer histologic types reported for 413 patients with lung cancer by the Iowa Cancer Registry and those obtained through an independent review of diagnostic slides. Among lung cancer histologic types, small-cell carcinoma had the highest sensitivity (94.1%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 85.6% to 98.4%), positive predictive value (94.1%, 95% CI = 85.6% to 98.4%), negative predictive value (98.8%, 95% CI = 96.9% to 99.7%), and highest percent exact agreement (98.0%, 95% CI = 96.6% to 99.4%). The lowest sensitivity (21.9%, 95% CI = 9.3% to 40.0%) and positive predictive value (23.3%, 95% CI = 9.9% to 42.3%) were noted for large-cell carcinoma, probably because other more specific features of adenocarcinoma or squamous carcinoma were absent. Adenocarcinoma had the lowest specificity (84.4%, 95% CI = 79.0% to 88.9%), negative predictive value (85.2%, 95% CI = 79.9% to 89.6%), and percent exact agreement (82.9%, 95% CI = 79.2% to 86.6%). Samples collected by cytologic examination (odds ratio [OR] = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.1 to 5.2) or biopsy examination (OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.1 to 4.2) were more likely to be misclassified than samples obtained via resection. Thus, the histologic type obtained by the Iowa Cancer Registry is reasonably reliable, but independent slide review is needed for precise histologic typing of lung cancer.
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PMID:Lung cancer histologic type in the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results registry versus independent review. 1526 59

Skeletal muscle metastases from lung cancer are rare, and the optimal treatment strategy is unknown. Three cases of skeletal muscle metastases from lung cancer are described. In 2 patients surgical biopsy of muscle swelling disclosed the presence of the lung tumor; the first patient underwent lung resection to remove the primary lesion, the second was not operable because of the metastatic extension of the disease. In the third patient muscle metastasis was observed and excised after lung resection. Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell, and small cell carcinoma were the histologic types diagnosed. Various regimens of radiotherapy and chemotherapy were adopted. Survival times were 3, 6, and 30 months.
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PMID:Lung cancer and skeletal muscle metastases. 1527 59

As the incidence of primary lung cancer in women seems to be increasing in parallel with that of smoking, we conducted an exhaustive epidemiological study in 137 hospitals in 2000. We identified 904 women with proven primary lung cancer (mean age 63.9 years), many of whom have never smoked (32.3%), particularly in cases of adenocarcinoma (43.4%). Small cell cancer accounted for 16.1% of cases. Adenocarcinomas were the most frequent (45.3%) of the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), followed by squamous cell (23.4%), large cell (11.6%) and bronchoalveolar (1.9%) carcinomas. About one third (32.2%) of NSCLC were stage III and 48.1% were stage IV. Over half of all adenocarcinomas were stage IV. According to multivariate analysis, adenocarcinoma is related to less smoking and younger age. In conclusion, many women affected by lung cancer have never smoked. Adenocarcinoma appears to be the most frequent form and more often at a metastatic stage.
Lung Cancer 2004 Sep
PMID:Lung cancer among women in France. Analysis of the 904 French women with lung cancer included in the KBP-2000-CPHG study of the French College of General Hospital-based Pneumologists (CPHG). 1530 68


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