Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

CPT-11 is a new derivative of Camptothecin. Phase I clinical study of single administration with CPT-11 was carried out by a cooperative study group. Starting from 50 mg/m2 (n), dose was escalated to 350 mg/m2 (7n). Dose limiting factor was found to be a decrease in WBC counts (especially in neutrophils), and MTD was presumed to be 250 mg/m2 or more. Nadir of WBC counts was observed after about a week, and it took 2-3 weeks for recovery. The decrease in platelet number and hemoglobin content was mild. Other side effects included G-I toxicities, alopecia, etc. However, no toxic effects on the heart, kidney, lung were observed. SN-38, main metabolite of CPT-11, was observed in blood, and excreted rapidly. Anticancer effects were suggested with dose of 165 mg/m2 or more against colon cancer, gastric sarcoma, melanoma and lung cancer. It is suggested that the optimal dose schedule for an early Phase II study is 200 mg/m2 every 3-4 weeks. However, not only leukopenia but also marked G-I toxicities being noted in some cases, care should be taken for those side effects.
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PMID:[Phase I clinical study of CPT-11. Research group of CPT-11]. 240 54

Photodynamic therapy is a recently introduced treatment for surface malignancies. Since January 1987, 10 patients with endobronchial neoplasms have had bronchoscopic photodynamic therapy at similar dose rates (400 mW/cm) for total atelectasis (2), carinal narrowing with respiratory insufficiency (2), or partial obstruction without collapse (4). Two patients underwent photodynamic therapy as a preliminary to immunotherapy. Histologies included endobronchial metastases (colon, ovary, melanoma, and sarcoma, 1 each; and renal cell, 3) and primary lung cancer (3). The 2 patients with total atelectasis had complete reexpansion after photodynamic therapy, which permitted eventual sleeve lobectomy in 1. Carinal narrowing was ameliorated in the 2 patients seen with inspiratory stridor, thereby permitting hospital discharge. Endoscopically resected fragments after photodynamic therapy exhibited avascular necrosis. These data support further controlled studies of photodynamic therapy by thoracic surgical oncologists to define its limitations as well as to improve and expand its efficacy as a palliative or surgical adjuvant.
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PMID:Bronchoscopic phototherapy at comparable dose rates: early results. 252 11

To investigate the characteristics in antitumor effects of 2-trimethylsilylethylthioethylamine(KAS-010) and its conjugate with 5-FU (KAS-011), the antitumor and immunomodulating activities of these silicon compounds were examined with various systems. Both KAS-010 and KAS-011 administered orally was found to be effective to B 16 melanoma, Meth A sarcoma and MM 46 mammary carcinoma in vivo. On the other hand, KAS-011 administered orally exhibited a marked antitumor activity against L 1210 leukemia bearing mice. Furthermore, these silicon compounds inhibited significantly metastases to the lymph nodes and lung of Lewis lung carcinoma implanted id into the right ear of BDF1 mice. Especially, KAS-011 in combination with tumor amputation resulted in a remarkable prolongation of the survival time (% ILS: 93.8%) in this antimetastatic model. The cell killing effect was mainly dependent on the exposure time of these silicon compounds in cultured KB and human lung cancer (OAT) cells. Moreover, a significant increase of delayed type hypersensitivity reaction (DTHR) to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) induced by KAS-010 was seen in old aged mice. The DTHR in B 16 melanoma and Ehrlich carcinoma bearing mice treated with KAS-010 was significantly higher than those of non-treated tumor bearing mice, indicating an enhanced cellular immunity to KAS-010 possibly resulting in a remarked antitumor effect. We also found that tumor free mice treated these silicon compounds were acquired specific tumor immunity to Meth A sarcoma and MM 46 mammary carcinoma.
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PMID:[Characteristics in antitumor effects of organic silicon related compounds]. 254 47

We evaluated the method of active specific intralymphatic immunization to treat cancer in 32 patients with various tumor types as part of a broad-based phase I-II evaluation and describe the results of 3 sequential series. In series 1, the patients (n = 13) received 2 or more injections of autologous, cryopreserved, irradiated tumor cells directly into the lymphatic system through the cannulation of a dorsal pedal lymphatic channel. In series 2, the patients (n = 7) received low-dose cyclophosphamide, 300 mg per m2, 3 days before the autologous cell vaccine was administered. Series 3 (12 patients) was similar to series 2 except that the tumor cells were treated with cholesteryl hemisuccinate immediately before irradiation. Patients received from 2 to 6 injections of cells, depending on availability, at 2-week intervals. In all, 91 treatments are evaluated in this study. Clinical responses occurred in 7 of the 32 patients and were seen in all 3 series with about the same frequency. These responses occurred in cases of melanoma, lung cancer, colon cancer, and sarcoma. Regressions occurred in both visceral and subcutaneous sites. There was little toxicity, the chief side effect being local discomfort or inflammation. This experience indicates that active specific intralymphatic immunotherapy is safe, produces antitumor effects, and requires more investigation to increase the frequency and duration of observable tumor regression.
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PMID:Clinical responses with active specific intralymphatic immunotherapy for cancer--a phase I-II trial. 258 64

Thirty beagles and 277 mice were injected with 249Cf, and 30 beagles and 274 mice were injected with 252Cf. The skeletal dose (in Gy) from 252Cf was about half from fission fragments and half from alpha particles, whereas 249Cf emits alpha particles in 100% of its transformations. Bone sarcomas (mostly osteosarcomas) were the main radiation-induced cancer. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of fission fragment dose relative to alpha-particle dose for bone sarcoma induction was calculated from the ratio of 249Cf/252Cf doses at equal times to bone sarcoma in (a) beagles and (b) mice, and (c) from the ratio 252Cf/249Cf risk coefficients in mice. The average RBE +/- standard deviation of the three evaluations was 0.1 +/- 0.1. The very low RBE for bone sarcomas is supported by the data of A. L. Batchelor, T. J. Jenner, and L. M. Cobb [Phys. Med. Biol. 28, 475-483 (1983)] for lung cancer induction in rats and by that of A. L. Brooks, J. A. Mewhinney, and R. O. McClellan [Health Phys. 22, 701-706 (1972)] for producing chromosome aberrations in the liver cells of Chinese hamsters. The low effectiveness of fission fragments relative to alpha particles, per gray of absorbed dose, is ascribed primarily to the much larger number of cells traversed by the alpha particles. Consideration might be given to decreasing the quality factor of fission fragments by an order of magnitude below that for alpha particles.
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PMID:Fission fragment RBE for bone sarcoma induction. 277 36

A major right hemispheric infarct developed in a 31-year-old man within forty-eight hours of lung resection for metastatic synovial-cell sarcoma. Post mortem exam revealed tumorous occlusion of the right internal carotid artery. Major stroke from cerebral tumor embolus should be seriously considered in patients with primary or metastatic lung cancer who have had a very recent pneumonectomy, especially when there are symptoms and signs of multi-organ or extremity ischemia.
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PMID:Major cerebral infarction from tumor embolus. 301 31

An electron-microscopic study was made of carcinoids, malignant carcinoids and small-cell lung cancer. These neoplasms are shown to represent one histogenetic group--neuroendocrine tumours (apudomas) of the lung. One can distinguish 3 main structural forms among them, i.e. epithelioid, sarcoma-like and symplastic. According to the ultrastructural criteria the neoplasms mentioned can be classified by their differentiation degree, as well, intermediately and poorly differentiated variants. This classification correlates well enough with the catamnesis of patients and may serve for prognosis of the disease.
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PMID:[Electron-microscopic study of neuroendocrine tumors of the lung]. 303 47

More than 1,900 patients of advanced and inoperable malignant tumor were treated with fast neutron radiotherapy using 30 MeV (d-Be) and 14 MeV (d-Be) beams at NIRS and IMS between 1975 and 1986. Protocols were largely nonrandomized. Some results have been obtained: 1) results with mixed beam studies for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix have been equivocal compared with the photon controls. 2) some trends of local control have been observed in the trial of esophageal cancer, early cases of adenocarcinoma of the lung and malignant melanoma. 3) significant better results were observed in the pancoast type lung cancer and osteo sarcoma which was treated by the systemic multimodal treatment. It is concluded that neutrons are efficacious for certain specific tumor types owing to some biological effects, however the problem of inferior dose distribution was the weakness of neutron therapy at present.
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PMID:[Present status of high LET radiation therapy--fast neutron radiotherapy in Japan]. 312 93

Observations of cancer risk in irradiated human populations over time after exposure suggest that there are at least two, and perhaps more, very different patterns of temporal distribution of risk for radiation-induced cancer. The first, exemplified by bone sarcoma following therapeutic injection of 224Ra and chronic granulocytic leukemia in Japanese A-bomb survivors, is an early, wave-like pulse consisting of an increase in risk followed by a gradual decline back to baseline levels. The second, exemplified by breast cancer following a brief exposure to external gamma ray or X ray, and by lung cancer and stomach cancer in A-bomb survivors, is an increase in relative risk over about 10 years to a value which appears to remain constant over time thereafter. The first pattern suggests that tumor growth kinetics may play a central role in the temporal distribution of risk following exposure, while the second seems more consistent with multi-event models for carcinogenesis, in which radiation or some other cause of early events must be followed by one or more later events whose frequencies depend mainly on attained age. There are, however, other data that appear to conform to neither of the two models just mentioned. Influences of other cancer causes, like tobacco smoking, are potentially serious confounding factors in studies of induction period.
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PMID:Temporal distributions of risk for radiation-induced cancers. 331 74

The work environment in agriculture is complex, with many potentially hazardous exposures, but the overall mortality from cancer and other causes is rather low among farmers. However, several studies have consistently indicated an excess of certain cancer forms. Lymphomas, leukemias, multiple myeloma and also malignancies of connective tissue attract special interest, as being possibly associated with the use of pesticides. Phenoxy acid herbicides may play an etiological role, especially for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, whereas the findings are more ambiguous for Hodgkin's disease and soft-tissue sarcoma, perhaps indicating an interaction with co-factors. The issue has been controversial for many years, however, and one of its aspects involves the use of phenoxy acids in the Vietnam war. Furthermore, DDT has been associated with lung cancer in mixed exposure situations, and with chronic lymphatic leukemia. Arsenical pesticides may have caused skin cancer in vine-growers. Further studies, especially of specific user groups and producers, may avoid the complex exposure situation in agriculture.
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PMID:Pesticides and cancer risks in agriculture. 332 83


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