Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From nude mouse tumors, in which malignantly transformed Bloom's syndrome (BS) B-lymphoblastoid cell lines were successfully transplanted into s.c. tissues, we have detected strong expression of malignant lymphoma (ML)-associated antigen on the cell surface, by using diluted sera of ML patients and indirect immunofluorescence. Even though carcinogen-treated BS B-lymphoblastoid cell lines expressed various types of cancer antigens (ML, ovarian cancer, stomach cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, etc.) on the cell membrane as a mixed population (Y. Shiraishi and H. Soma, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 85:8211-8215, 1988), the finding that BS malignant cells originating from nude mouse tumors expressed specific ML-associated antigen seemed significant for ML diagnosis. BS nude mouse tumors were successively transplantable from nude mice to nude mice (100%). Histopathological studies using an electron microscope demonstrated that most tumor cells in s.c. tissues of nude mice were lymphoid malignant cells. Gel electrophoresis and Western blotting analyses demonstrated that the antigen which characterized ML was a single band (Mr 97,000) and did not cross-react with the sera of other cancer patients or with normal sera. Chromosome analysis showed that the cell clones with ML-associated antigen had marker chromosomes involving t(6;?)(p25;?),t(9;?)(q34;?), del(10)(p13),t(12;14)(q24;q11). The expression of ML-associated antigen was also discussed in relation to the marker chromosomes.
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PMID:Malignant lymphoma antigen expressed in nude mouse tumor cells derived from carcinogen-transformed Bloom's syndrome B-lymphoblastoid cell lines. 218 81

We used an age-period-cohort model with arbitrary constraints on the parameters, fitted to the mortality data for the period 1955-84, to project rates in mortality from all cancers and 11 major cancer sites in Italy for the period 1985-1999. For all neoplasms considered, using estimated age and cohort values, two models were fitted, one based on constant period effects, and one on a linear regression on the logarithm of the six calendar periods. Furthermore, "a priori" defined coefficients based on epidemiologic inferences were given to period values for tobacco-related neoplasms (below unity for males, above unity for females, on the basis of recent trends in tobacco prevalence in the two sexes), for breast and ovarian cancer (in relation to the potentially different effect of oral contraceptives, other female hormones, reproductive factors and treatment on these neoplasms), and for total cancer mortality. This produced a range of potential estimates, which were reasonably similar for neoplasms (such as stomach, intestines, breast, ovary or prostate) for which no major change in slope of the cohort effects was evident, but wider (i.e., between 188 and 264/100,000 males aged 40 to 79 in 1995-99) for lung or other tobacco-related cancers. Although this range of variation is far from negligible, the estimated values indicate that lung cancer among Italian males aged 40 to 79, even under the more optimistic assumption, will probably be higher at the end of the century than in the early 1980's, and that lung cancer alone will account for 35 to 42% of all cancer deaths in males between 40 and 79 years. Though any prediction has, by definition, inherent difficulties and uncertainties, cancer mortality in the near future will be strongly influenced by age and cohort effects already known, and hence its projections may offer some indication of public health relevance.
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PMID:Projections to the end of the century of mortality from major cancer sites in Italy. 225 85

Cancer incidence in migrants to New South Wales (NSW) from individual countries within the British Isles has been compared with that in the Australian-born population using data from the NSW Central Cancer Registry for the period 1972-84. Indirectly age-standardised incidence ratios (SIR) showed that, for cancer at all sites combined, Scottish migrants had a significantly higher, and English migrants a lower, incidence than the native-born Australians. Melanoma of skin was less common in migrants from all four countries while lung cancer was more common. In all except the Irish migrants, stomach cancer was more frequent than in the Australian-born. Raised SIRs for bladder cancer were found in men from all the countries and for breast cancer in all except the Irish women but only in the English migrants were these ratios significant. English migrants differed from those from Wales, Scotland and Ireland in that, compared with the Australian-born, they had significantly lower SIRs for cancer of the colon (both sexes), head and neck, larynx and prostate (men), gallbladder and kidney (women), and a higher SIR for ovarian cancer. Bone cancer was relatively more common in men born in Wales. 'Other genital' cancers (penis and scrotum; vulva and vagina) tended to be more frequent in migrants from each country than in the Australian-born.
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PMID:Cancer incidence in migrants to New South Wales from England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. 225 32

Plasma lipid-bound sialic acid (LSA) was assayed in normal volunteers, patients with non-malignant diseases, and a variety of cancer patients. Mean plasma LSA in 50 normal volunteers, 16 patients with non-malignant diseases, 54 breast cancer, 17 lung cancer, 15 colon cancer, 7 ovarian cancer, 5 prostate cancer, 4 leukemia, 4 gastrointestinal, 3 thyroid cancer, 3 pancreas cancer and 2 adrenal cancer patients were 17.7, 23.2, 58, 85, 56.7, 46.2, 56.7, 53.3, 31.1, 33.2 and 119.5 mg/dl, respectively. None of the normal volunteers had elevated plasma LSA values. Plasma LSA level was not significantly different in male and female volunteers. Two out of 114 different cancer patients had plasma LSA levels within normal range exhibiting 98.2% sensitivity of the assay. Plasma LSA, which is relatively simple to assay, may be used as a tumor marker in wide variety of neoplastic diseases.
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PMID:Plasma lipid-bound sialic acid alterations in neoplastic diseases. 229 88

In order to project trends in mortality from 11 major cancer sites in Switzerland to the end of the current century, a log-linear Poisson age/period/cohort model with arbitrary constraints on the parameters was used, fitted to the observed rates for the period 1950-84. One projection was based on the assumption of a total absence of change in the effect of period, the second was based on a linear extrapolation of the logarithms of the seven known periods, and the third was related to a series of a priori external epidemiological hypotheses, whenever available. For instance, coefficients below unity were used for lung and other tobacco-related neoplasms in men, since some decline in exposure to tobacco carcinogens was observed among Swiss men, and above unity for women since the prevalence of smoking has risen among successive generations of women. Although the method has limitations and uncertainties, several qualitative indications could be derived from this exercise. For instance, the various models suggest that the age-standardized mortality from oral cancer in men will probably increase up to the end of the century, even under the optimistic assumption of an appreciable decline in smoking, while cancer of the oesophagus is likely to level-off around current values, as other tobacco-related neoplasms, prostate cancer in men, and breast cancer in women will probably do. Some steady decline is predicted by various models fitted to the incidence of stomach and intestinal cancer in both sexes, and to ovarian cancer. Lung cancer will continue to rise in women but will stop rising in men, and it will possibly fall if the hypothesis of a decline in exposure to tobacco carcinogens proves correct. Although any prediction has, by definition, substantial difficulties and uncertainties, projections of cancer mortality in the near future are based on a substantial amount of information already available, and may offer valuable information for epidemiological inferences and health planning purposes.
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PMID:The application of age, period and cohort models to predict Swiss cancer mortality. 232 65

In attempts to increase the specificity of the CA 12-5 test the ratio of CA 12-5 and CEA concentrations has been determined in 155 cancer patients, all of whom had an increased serum CA 12-5. The patients included 47 with epithelial ovarian cancer, 38 with colorectal cancer, 24 with cervical cancer, 20 with lung cancer, 17 with gastric cancer, and 9 with pancreatic cancer. The CA 12-5/CEA ratio in serum of patients with ovarian cancer ranged from 30 to 920 (mean 251), whereas in other types of cancer the highest ratio was 240 and the mean was 13. All 47 patients with ovarian cancer, but only 7 of the 108 patients with other types of cancer, showed a CA 12-5/CEA ratio greater than 25. About 10% of the patients with gastric or colorectal cancer but none of those with other types of cancer showed an increased ratio. As the predictive value of a CA 12-5/CEA ratio of less than 25 excluding ovarian cancer is 100%, we recommend measuring the CEA concentration in all those with increased CA 12-5 and calculation of the CA 12-5/CEA ratio.
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PMID:Serum CA 12-5 concentrations and CA 12-5/CEA ratios in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. 235 47

Several preclinical and clinical studies have documented that dose or dose intensity of chemotherapeutic agents are important factors for response of patients' tumors. This finding has prompted empiric trials of certain chemotherapeutic agents in high-dose or regional administration treatment regimens. The present study was performed to identify agents that would be particularly good candidates for high-dose or regional administration regimens against particular types of tumors. Using a human tumor cloning technique, we constructed dose in vitro response lines for ten different chemotherapeutic agents against seven different histologic types of malignancies. Slopes of the lines indicated the agents with the greatest increases of in vitro response per increment in dose of the agent. Tumors against which the agents gave the steepest dose response lines included lymphoma, head and neck cancer, ovarian cancer, and small-cell lung cancer, while the dose response lines for non-small-cell lung cancer, breast cancer, and colon cancer were quite flat. Suggestions for clinical trials based on these findings include the use of high-dose melphalan for patients with lymphoma, head and neck, and ovarian cancer; the use of mitoxantrone in high-dose regimens for patients with breast cancer; high-dose cisplatin regimens for patients with small-cell lung cancer; high-dose bleomycin regimens for patients with non-small-cell lung and head and neck cancer; and regional perfusion of liver metastases from colorectal cancer with cisplatin. Prospective testing of high-dose or regional administration regimens suggested by this new model should indicate its use for prediction of the best agent to use in high-dose regimens against a particular tumor type.
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PMID:Use of in vitro dose response effects to select antineoplastics for high-dose or regional administration regimens. 243 Nov 10

Comparison of basic fetoprotein (BFP) with 10 other tumor markers was made with sera from 549 patients with benign diseases and 870 patients with cancers, using BFP-EIA kit and commercial kits for others. BFP-positive rates higher than CEA or CA19-9 were found in various cancers except CEA in cancer of the colon, pancreas and lung, or CA19-9 in cancer of pancreas and bile duct. Furthermore, BFP showed higher positive rates in comparison with AFP in cancer of liver and testis, SLX(sialyl SSEA-1) or SCC in lung cancer and CA125 in uterine cancer. The correlation coefficient of BFP with other tumor markers except for SCC in lung cancer were low (below 0.262) in cancer and benign diseases. The combined assay of BFP with some other makers such as CEA in cancer of the digestive organ, lung, markers ovary and uterus, CA19-9 in cancer of the bile duct and lung, CA125 in ovarian cancer, AFP in cancer of the liver and testis, and PAP in prostatic cancer, showed an elevation of diagnostic efficiency compared with single assay. These results indicate that BFP is superior to other tumor markers for serological diagnosis of various cancer and also available for the combined assays.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation on an enzyme immunoassay kit for basic fetoprotein (BFP). (2) Comparison and combination of BFP with other tumor markers]. 245 40

In November 1985, the New York State Department of Health was altered to extraordinary concentrations of asbestos leachate in the drinking water in the Town of Woodstock. Concentrations of 3.2 million fibers per liter (MFL) to 304.5 MFL were found, depending on location. An investigation of cancer incidence in the area was conducted for the period 1973-83 using the State Cancer Registry to compute standardized incidence ratios. No evidence was found of elevated cancer incidence at sites associated with asbestos exposure. A statistically non-significant excess of kidney cancer was seen among men, but not women. Colon cancer among men was significantly low, but incidence among women was similar to that expected. Lung cancer incidence was lower than expected for both sexes. Ovarian cancer rates were not different from expected rates. At sites not previously related to asbestos exposure, cancer of the oral cavity was significantly high, with most affected persons having a history of cigarette smoking. Surveillance of the community is continuing because of an insufficient latent period for some exposed groups.
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PMID:Cancer incidence following exposure to drinking water with asbestos leachate. 249 74

Patterns of secretion of free alpha subunit in 242 women with non-trophoblastic tumors were studied. In 4 patients molecular forms of alpha subunit were investigated. In normal menstruating women, day to day fluctuations of alpha subunit (36 to 4871 ng/day) with a peak at midcycle were commonly observed. This makes measurement of the alpha subunit as a tumor marker difficult to interpret in this group of women. On the other hand, the secretion of alpha subunit in postmenopausal women was relatively stable (from 50 to 450 ng/day). Thus the incidence of elevated alpha subunit secretion (greater than 400 ng/day) in postmenopausal patients with non-trophoblastic tumors was as follows; cervical cancer (29.9%), ovarian cancer (50%), corpus cancer (37.5%), vulvar cancer (33.3%), lung cancer (53.3%), gastrointestinal tract cancer (80%). The elevation of the alpha subunit was unrelated to the histological type of cancer. Discordant secretion of hCG and its subunits were noted. The incidence of elevated hCG secretion (greater than 100 ng/day) for the same group of postmenopausal patients with non-trophoblastic tumors was 44.8% for cervical cancer, 100% for ovarian cancer, 62.5% for corpus cancer, 33.3% for vulvar cancer, 26.7% for lung cancer and 40% for gastrointestinal tract cancer. The incidence of isolated alpha subunit secretion in cervical cancer stages III and IV, lung cancer and gastrointestinal tract cancer (40-43%) was higher than that in other cancers (0-27%). For cervical cancer, the more advanced disease was associated with higher alpha subunit levels. The molecular forms of alpha subunit in 4 patients with non-trophoblastic tumors were studied by gel HPLC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Free alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin in women with non-trophoblastic tumors. 255 93


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