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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-five patients with Stage I carcinoma of the lung were tested postoperatively to assess lymphoproliferative responses. Depressed lymphocyte proliferation (LP) responses to alloantaigen in the mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) as measured by thee relative proliferation index (RPI) were associated with a significantly shorter disease-free interval. In this group of patients, the immunologic responses predicted subsequent clinical course better than the TNM classification or the histological type of the tumor, and therefore this procedure appears promising for improved staging of patients with early stages of lung cancer (stage I lung cancer and T1N0M0). The depressed response to alloantaigen was a more sensitive discriminator of disease recurrence than PHA alone or even conbined with PHA.
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PMID:Association of depressed postoperative lymphoproliferative responses to alloantigens with poor prognosis in patients with stage I lung cancer. 644 14

From January 1st, 1978 to 31st December, 1981, 28 patients with lung cancer and mediastinal lymph node metastases, underwent surgery. In four patients, only exploration was performed, in five patients, an incomplete resection and in 19 patients, a complete resection (resectability rate 86%). In the first two groups of patients, survival never exceeded two years. In the 'complete resection' group, 78% of the patients survived for one year, 61% for two years and 47% for three years. Patients with adenocarcinoma had a higher three year survival rate than those with squamous cell carcinoma (60% vs. 37%). No 30-day mortality was observed. All patients were treated postoperatively with MACC + BCG. The prognosis of lung cancer classified as N2 is strongly influenced by a series of factors some of which are included in the TNM system. In any case, it would still appear that the best treatment for this kind of tumor is radical surgical resection followed by adjuvant radiotherapy and/or multichemotherapy.
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PMID:Therapeutic and prognostic problems in lung cancer with mediastinal lymph node involvement. 652 23

We studied the strategy and treatment of the postoperative recurrence cases of primary lung cancer. A total of 723 resected primary lung cancer patients treated with adjuvant therapy until 1982 were subjected for this study. One hundred and eighty-five cases recurred postoperatively among the cases with 4 histologic types of adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma or small cell carcinoma, with definite postsurgicopathologic TNM classifications. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The recurrence rate of slightly advanced cases with complete mediastinal lymph node dissection was lower than those with incomplete dissection, indicating the importance of complete mediastinal lymph node dissection for the strategy of the postoperative recurrence of primary lung cancer. 2. Transfer factor adjuvant immunochemotherapy appeared to suppress or delay postoperative recurrence. 3. Most of the cases with recurrence were found at the terminal stage and the postoperative check-up method should be improved. 4. The treatment modality for the recurrent cases was different depending on patients' characteristics. 5. The cases with brain or pulmonary metastasis were rarely operated, however, the resection of pulmonary metastasis was considered to be effective for survival in selected cases.
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PMID:[Strategy and treatment of postoperative recurrence of primary lung cancer]. 663 87

The 5-year-survival of 128 primary lung cancer patients was studied between 1970 and 1976. In all patients mediastinoscopy was carried out without any mortality or morbidity. Asymptomatic stage I (TNM classification) patients having a squamous cell carcinoma had the best 5 year survival: 46.3% as against 9.5% and 0% of the stage II and III patients. The resectability rate was 58.6% with a perioperative mortality of 7.5%. This suggests the importance of further evaluation of mass screening for lung carcinoma despite the statistical shortcomings of a retrospective study.
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PMID:Experience with mass screening for lung carcinoma. 684 66

Complete and accurate classification of all cases of cancer is essential for planning optimal management, estimating prognosis, communicating about individual patients or groups of patients, comparing results of various treatments and evaluating cancer control programs. For most types of cancer, the stage, or the anatomic extent of the cancer, is as important as other characteristics such as the primary site of the tumor, the histologic cell type, and the grade of the malignancy. The TNM system of staging recommended by the American Joint Committee on Cancer and the International Union against Cancer is used throughout the world, and there is convincing evidence of its value in selecting treatment and estimating prognosis. For example, Stage I squamous cell or adenocarcinoma of the lung is almost always amenable to surgical resection and five-year survival rates of about 70% are being reported by many cancer centers. In contrast, stage III lung cancer is usually not resectable and the five-year survival rate of this group is less than 10%.
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PMID:Is staging of cancer of value? 685 May 27

Ceruloplasmin was assayed as enzyme activity, as antigen, and as total copper in serum samples from 150 male lung cancer patients and comparable numbers of male controls. By all three assays, ceruloplasmin was significantly increased above the normal before treatment, and the degree of elevation was related to TNM stage [i.e., the International Union Against Cancer classification system based on extent of primary tumor (T), condition of lymph nodes (N), and absence of presence of metastases (M)]. Surgery had no immediate effects, but in patients who evidence of disease for longer periods, ceruloplasmin returned to nearly normal values. High levels of ceruloplasmin was elevated in 6 of 9 patients before tumor recurrence; 2 of 3 smokers (in the first panel of sera) with elevated ceruloplasmin levels subsequently developed lung cancer. The relative merits of the three assays were compared. Some sex- and age-related differences among normal controls were apparent. The results of pilot studies on men with gastrointestinal cancer and women with breast cancer are presented. It is concluded that only in limited situations will assays of ceruloplasmin aid in diagnosis, prognosis, and long-term monitoring of cancer patients.
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PMID:Ceruloplasmin assays in diagnosis and treatment of human lung, breast, and gastrointestinal cancers. 694 65

A statistically significant decrease of pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid in urine was observed in lung cancer of stage I (TNM classification) when compared to that of healthy miners (chronically exposed to radiation) from the uranium industry. The difference vanishes in stage II of the disease and reappears in stage III. While nonmalignant lung diseases (bronchopneumonia and chronic bronchitis) do not interfer in the stage I with the drop of pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid excretion, in stage III of lung cancer the decrease is less pronounced and cannot be differentiated from that found in bronchopneumonia or chronic bronchitis.
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PMID:Decrease in pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid excretion during lung cancer disease. 717 52

When the TNM staging system of the American Joint Committee (AJC) for Cancer Staging and End-Results Reporting was applied to 3,912 patients seen during a 6 year period at the Mayo Clinic, 624 (16%) fulfilled the criteria for postsurgical pathological Stage I non-small cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Of these 624 patients, 129 were excluded from further survival analysis for various reasons. The remaining 495 consisted of two groups: 350 patients who were enrolled within 30 days into a prospective postoperative 4 monthly follow-up program and 145 patients who were enrolled later or were followed less frequently. Because no significant difference was noted in survival rates between these groups, data were pooled. Of the combined group of 495 patients, 84% survived lung cancer for 2 years and 69% of 5 years (actuarial estimation). The survival of patients classified T1 N0 M0 (91% alive at 2 years and 80% at 5 years) is so good that it seems unlikely that adjuvant therapy in this group could demonstrate improved survival. In addition to TNM classification, age at operation, sex, and extent of operation were important determinants of survival.
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PMID:Survival of patients surgically treated for stage I lung cancer. 724 35

Serial CEA measurements performed in 102 lung cancer patients during and after radiotherapy and chemotherapy correlated well with the course of disease. CEA levels above 10 ng CEA/ml prior to radiotherapy signaled metastatic spread even when this was not evident from clinical staging of the patient (TNM). This finding contributed to the early adoption of radiotherapy in favor of palliative treatment. Alterations of the CEA concentration during therapy could be used for monitoring the efficiency of treatment. Increasing CEA levels always signaled disease progression, decreasing CEA levels were found to be associated with improvement. In the posttreatment follow-up, increasing CEA levels were always reliable predictors of recurrent disease. Slope analysis of the posttreatment CEA time courses discriminated bone and/or liver metastases with a slope greater than 0.5 ng/ml/10 days from local recurrences, lymph node, lung and brain metastases with slope values less than 0.5 ng/ml/10 days.
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PMID:Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) measurements as an aid to management of patients with lung cancer treated by radiotherapy. 727 1

The morphology of the tumor and the anatomic extent of the disease are important factors influencing treatment selection and ultimately survival for patients with lung cancer. The American Joint Committee TNM system provides a method for consistent reproducible description of the primary tumor (T), the status of the regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence or absence of distant metastasis (M). The TNM subsets thus classified can be grouped into three "stages" of disease such that the survival expectations for patients in each stage and cell type are similar. This classification of patients with respect to estimates of their prognosis is essential for valid comparisons of treatment modalities and meaningful communication of end results information.Clinical characteristics which influence survival are reflected in the staging recommendations. The size of the lesion, the proximal margination, and the presence or absence of other pulmonary complications are features which distinguish the T classification as T1, T2, or T3. The presence or absence of lymph node involvement has an important bearing on survival expectations. Advancing from no nodal involvement, N0, to involvement of the peribronchial and hilar nodes, N1, and then to the mediastinal nodes, N2, causes progressive erosion in survival expectations. The tumor morphology and specific nodes that are involved are important components of this relationship. The presence of distant metastasis, M1, is synonymous with an extremely poor prognosis. Using these prognostic elements, the TNM subsets are combined into three stages of disease so that patients in each group will have a generally similar life expectancy, the survival for patients with stage I disease being significantly greater than that for patients with stage II disease which is significantly greater than survival for patients with stage III disease.Improvements in the outcome for lung cancer patients depend upon the depth and scope of our scientific understandings and our ability to communicate our observations to one another. Measures of response to treatment can be translated into therapeutic practice only if uniform evaluators are used. Accordingly, a reproducible valid system for staging of lung cancer is recommended.
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PMID:Staging of lung cancer. 729 38


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