Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thrombomodulin /TM/ is a surface glycoprotein involved in the regulation of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. TM has been reported to be expressed in variety of tumors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the concentration of soluble TM in patients with planoepithelial lung cancer. Study group consisted of 33 patients aged 51 years in IB /15/ and IIIB /18/ stage of cancer and 20 adults as control. Concentration of TM in plasma with ELISA method was performed. Mean level of TM in lung cancer patients was 4.98 +/- 0.94 ng/ml and was similar to control--4.60 +/- 0.88 ng/ml. No significant differences were found between patients with IB and IIIB stage of cancer.
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PMID:[Levels of soluble thrombomodulin in blood of patients with lung cancer]. 1157 1

Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) is the causative agent of a transmissible lung cancer of sheep known as ovine pulmonary carcinoma. Recently, we have found that the expression of the JSRV envelope (Env) is sufficient to transform mouse NIH 3T3 cells in classical transformation assays. To further investigate the mechanisms of JSRV oncogenesis, we generated a series of envelope chimeras between JSRV and the JSRV-related endogenous retroviruses of sheep (enJSRVs) and assessed them in transformation assays. Chimeras containing the exogenous JSRV SU region and the enJSRV TM region were unable to transform NIH 3T3 cells. Additional chimeras containing only the carboxy-terminal portion of TM (a region that we previously identified as VR3) of the endogenous envelope with SU and the remaining portion of TM from the exogenous JSRV were also unable to transform NIH 3T3 cells. The VR3 region includes the putative membrane-spanning region and cytoplasmic tail of the JSRV TM glycoprotein; this suggested that the cytoplasmic tail of the JSRV Env mediates transformation, possibly via a cell signaling mechanism. Mutations Y590 and M593 in the cytoplasmic tail of the JSRV envelope were sufficient to inhibit the transforming abilities of these constructs. Y590 and M593 are part of a Y-X-X-M motif that is recognized by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K). PI-3K initiates a cell signaling pathway that inhibits apoptosis and is required for a number of mitogens during the G(1)-to-S-phase transition of the cell cycle. PI-3K activates Akt by phosphorylation of threonine 308 and serine 473. We detected by Western blot analysis phosphorylated Akt in serum-starved MP1 cells (NIH 3T3 cells transformed by JSRV) but not in the parental NIH 3T3 cells. These data indicate that the cytoplasmic tail of the JSRV TM is necessary for cell transformation and suggest a new mechanism of retroviral transformation. In addition, the ability to dissociate the function of the JSRV envelope to mediate viral entry from its transforming capacity has direct relevance for the design of JSRV-based vectors that target the differentiated epithelial cells of the lungs.
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PMID:A phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase docking site in the cytoplasmic tail of the Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus transmembrane protein is essential for envelope-induced transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. 1160 40

Fibronectin (FN) is a glycoprotein component of connective tissue. It is involved in cancer progression. FN plays a role in non-neoplasmatic lung pathology in which fibronectin gene polymorphisms (RFLPs) have been studied. The aim of our work was to evaluate the frequency of two of fibronectin RFLPs: genotypes AB, AA, BB (HaeIII) and CD, CC, DD (MspI) in patients with lung cancer. The studied group consisted of 63 patients with squamous cell lung cancer and 53 controls without any malignant or proliferative disease. There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of studied genotypes between lung cancer patients and controls.
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PMID:Fibronectin gene polymorphism in patients with lung cancer. 1160 51

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a systemic illness. The majority of newly diagnosed patients depend on systemic chemotherapy to improve outcome. Among the new chemotherapeutic agents recently tested, paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) has shown convincing single-agent activity in advanced NSCLC. The two initial phase II studies using paclitaxel alone showed a 1-year survival rate of 40%, comparable to that seen with combination regimens. Paclitaxel/carboplatin is one of several standard regimens for patients with stage IIIB to IV disease. It is as effective as any other new agent/platinum combination studied to date; it is easy to administer and well tolerated. Identification of the molecular and genetic events involved in each step of tumor progression seems to be crucial both to understanding lung cancer and for the development of new pharmacologic compounds that target specific cellular processes affecting growth and proliferation. An innovative strategy is to combine established chemotherapy with these new compounds. Resistance to available chemotherapy drugs is the major obstacle to effective chemotherapy. Genetic abnormalities could play a role in outlining some patterns of chemoresistance. Acquired resistance to paclitaxel can be mediated by several mechanisms, including overexpression of p-glycoprotein, altered expression of beta-tubulin isotypes, intrinsic or acquired mutations in beta-tubulin, and expression of novel genes. Beta-tubulin mutations were recently identified in 33% of 49 NSCLC patients, none of whom had an objective response to paclitaxel treatment. Cisplatin resistance is associated with several molecular alterations, including overexpression of metallothionein and the mRNA level of the excision repair cross-complementing (ERCC1) gene. Early detection of circulating cancer cells in peripheral blood would enable more accurate lung cancer staging. Furthermore, sequential measurements of DNA concentration may be used to monitor the effects of therapy. Serum DNA can be used as a surrogate for detecting genetic abnormalities and as a potential guide for customizing treatment. We analyzed the presence of beta-tubulin mutations in serum DNA from NSCLC patients and from healthy individuals. Beta-tubulin mutations were detected in 42% of the 131 patients and in none of the control group. Several clinical studies are proposed to develop more customized approaches in lung cancer.
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PMID:Predicting response to paclitaxel/carboplatin-based therapy in non-small cell lung cancer. 1160 82

Cancer is commonly associated with the inappropriate mRNA expression of nonmutated genes. Recently, several tumor-associated RNA species, including tyrosinase mRNA and telomerase RNA, have been demonstrated in plasma and serum. The presence of tumor RNA in plasma and serum affords the opportunity to diagnose or stratify patients with cancer when tissue is not readily available. To exemplify the potential for pharmacogenomic and phenotypic stratification of the cancer patient, we evaluated serum for 5T4 mRNA. 5T4 is a trophoblast glycoprotein frequently overexpressed in epithelial malignancies that provides a potential target for cancer therapeutics. Serum was collected from 19 patients with advanced breast cancer (5 patients) or non-small-cell lung cancer (14 patients), and from 25 normal control volunteers having amplifiable RNA. RNA extracted from the serum was RT-PCR amplified using heminested, two-stage reactions, with products detected by gel electrophoresis. 5T4 mRNA was reproducibly detected in 8/19 (42%) cancer patient sera, including 2/5 breast cancer patient sera and 6/14 lung cancer patient sera, but in only 3/25 (12%) normal control sera (p = 0.035). The potential for circulating mRNA to identify patients who might benefit from a 5T4-directed therapy offers an example of the utility of circulating RNA as a tumor marker.
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PMID:Circulating RNA as a tumor marker: detection of 5T4 mRNA in breast and lung cancer patient serum. 1170 75

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), an oncofetal glycoprotein overexpressed in most gastrointestinal and lung cancers, is a candidate molecule for cancer immunotherapy. Recently, a CEA-derived 9-mer peptide, CEA652 (TYACFVSNL), has been identified as the epitope of cytotoxic T lymphocytes restricted with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A24, which is present in 60% of the Japanese population and in some Caucasians. The authors performed a clinical study of a vaccine using autologous dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with CEA652 and adjuvant cytokines, natural human interferon alpha (nhuIFN-alpha), and natural human tumor necrosis factor alpha (nhuTNF-alpha), for the treatment of patients with CEA-expressing advanced metastatic malignancies. Ten HLA-A24 patients with advanced digestive tract or lung cancer were enrolled in the study to assess toxicity, tolerability and immune responses to the vaccine. DCs were generated from plastic adherent monocytes of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in the presence of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 4 (IL-4). Generated DCs showing an immature phenotype were loaded with CEA652 and injected into patients intradermally and subcutaneously with 50% of the dose administered by each route every 2 weeks for a total of ten vaccinations. The total dose of administered DCs ranged from 2.7x10(7)cells to 1.6x10(8)cells. Adjuvant cytokines, i.e., 1x10(6) U/body of nhuIFN-alpha and nhuTNF-alpha, were administered to patients twice a week during the vaccination period. No severe toxicity directly attributable to the treatment was observed, and the vaccine was well tolerated. In the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin test, two patients showed a positive skin response to peptide-pulsed DCs after vaccination, although none of the patients tested positive prior to vaccination. In the two patients who showed a positive skin response disease remained stable for 6 and 9 months respectively. These results suggest that active immunization using DCs pulsed with CEA652 peptide in combination with the administration of adjuvant cytokines is a safe and feasible treatment procedure.
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PMID:Immunotherapy of solid cancer using dendritic cells pulsed with the HLA-A24-restricted peptide of carcinoembryonic antigen. 1190 34

Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a glycoprotein released by activated polymorphonuclear neutrophils, which takes part in the defense of the organism through production of hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a potent oxidant. Since the discovery of MPO deficiency, initially regarded as rare and restricted to patients suffering from severe infections, MPO has attracted clinical attention. The development of new technologies allowing screening for this defect has permitted new advances in the comprehension of underlying mechanisms. Apart from its implications for host defense, the expression of MPO restricted to myeloid precursors makes MPO mRNA a good marker of acute myeloid leukemia. In addition, during the last few years, involvement of MPO has been described in numerous diseases such as atherosclerosis, lung cancer, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. Both strong oxidative activity and MPO genetic polymorphism have been involved. This review summarizes the broad range of diseases involving MPO and points out the possible use of this protein as a new clinical marker and a future therapeutic target.
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PMID:Growing significance of myeloperoxidase in non-infectious diseases. 1191 66

Thorombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a 450 kDa extracellular matrix glycoprotein, with anti-angiogenic activity. We analyzed the relationship in TSP-1 expression and Microvessel count (MVC), and also clinical factors, using immunohistochemical methods for non-small cell cancer (NSCLC). Histopathologically, there was inverse correlation between TSP-1 expression and MVC for squamous cell carcinoma, but not for adenocarcinoma cases. Among 199 completely resected cases of NSCLC, the 5-year survival was 77.0% when the expression of TSP-1 was maintained and 55.1% when the expression were reduced, respectively (P=0.0046). When compared with TSP-1 expression in the high MVC subgroup, there was significantly shorter survival time when TSP-1 expression was reduced (P=0.0091), and no significant difference was seen for the low MVC subgroup. Multivariate analysis revealed that expression of TSP-1 is as a prognostic factor of NSCLC. Our present data suggest that TSP-1 might not be a direct anti-angiogenic factor and the TSP-1 expression is a prognostic indicator of NSCLC.
Lung Cancer 2002 May
PMID:Reduced expression of thrombospondin-1 correlates with a poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. 1195 48

The expression of the tumour-associated glycoprotein 90K in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MM) has not been described. This study used enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) to measure 90K in pleural effusions (PEs) and sera from patients with MM (n=28), lung cancer (LC) (n=14) and benign pleural disease (BPD) (n=15). Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate 90K expression in MM and LC tissue sections. The expression of 90K was further evaluated in vitro by ELISA and western blot analysis of conditioned media and cellular extracts of MM, LC and normal human mesothelial (NHM) cell cultures. Finally, the relationships between 90K expression in MM and patient age and survival were studied. The mean 90K level was significantly higher (p<0.05) in PEs of MM patients (11.0+/-6.6 microg/ml) than in LC (6.1+/-3.2 microg/ml) or BPD (6.2+/-5.0 microg/ml) patients. Immunohistochemistry showed a positive reaction for 90K in MM biopsy sections and positive staining limited to inflammatory infiltrates in LC sections. The level of 90K was significantly higher in cell culture media of MM than of LC or NHM (p<0.001). Bands representing proteins with molecular weight of approximately 90 kDa were detected by western blot in MM cellular extracts. An inverse correlation between PE 90K levels and MM patient age (r=-0.45; p=0.017) and a positive correlation between serum 90K levels and MM patient survival (r=0.62; p=0.006) were detected by linear regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier univariate analysis showed increased survival probability for MM patients with serum 90K level >7.3 microg/ml (log rank, p<0.05). This is the first report in MM of the expression of 90K and of its potential diagnostic and prognostic application.
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PMID:Expression of glycoprotein 90K in human malignant pleural mesothelioma: correlation with patient survival. 1201 46

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are known to exert anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic activity both in vitro and in vivo. Block of angiogenesis and metastasis by NSAIDs has been found to be mediated partly via suppression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. However, the molecular mechanism of this inhibitory action has not been well defined. Recent works demonstrated that a membrane-anchored MMP inhibitor RECK may potently suppress MMP-2 and -9 activity to inhibit angiogenesis and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we test the possibility that NSAIDs may up-regulate RECK to inhibit MMP activity. RT-PCR analyses showed that NS398 and aspirin up-regulated RECK mRNA level in CL-1 human lung cancer cells. Additionally, NSAIDs increased RECK protein level as detected by immunoblotting. Since RECK is a membrane-anchored glycoprotein, we also performed immunofluorescent staining to assess the expression of RECK on cell surface. Our results showed that fluorescent intensity of RECK was obviously increased after NSAID treatment. Moreover, induction of RECK by NSAIDs was associated with reduction of MMP-2 activity. We also found that NSAID-activated RECK expression might not be mediated via inhibition of cyclo-oxygenases (COXs) because addition of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) could not counteract the effect of NSAIDs and overexpression of COX-2 could not down-regulate RECK. Taken together, our results suggest that induction of RECK expression may be one of the mechanisms by which NSAIDs suppress MMP activity to block angiogenesis and metastasis.
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PMID:Induction of RECK by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in lung cancer cells. 1244 98


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