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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vasculitis is characterized by inflammatory changes and necrosis of blood vessels. Involvement of arteries and veins of diverse sizes throughout the body is possible and results in a multiplicity of clinical manifestations. Primary and secondary forms of vasculitis exist. Secondary vasculitis has been linked to several processes, including infections, drugs, and allergic, rheumatologic, and neoplastic disease. The majority of patients with malignant neoplasm-associated vasculitis who have been described had hematologic neoplasms. We report a patient with adenocarcinoma of the colon and vasculitis and review the 36 cases of vasculitis in patients with solid tumors documented in the world literature. The most common malignant neoplasms were non-small-cell lung cancer and prostate, breast, colon, and renal cancer. Cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis and nerve and muscle microvasculitis were the most frequently observed vasculitic subtypes. Importantly, in 71% of the cases, manifestations of vasculitis appeared before or concurrent with the initial recognition or the relapse of the tumor. Management strategies that met with success in at least half the patients in whom they were used included corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, and treatment of the underlying cancer. Prognosis may be primarily related to the ability to control the malignant neoplasm, as most of the patients who died did so because of tumor progression.
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PMID:Clinical manifestations of vasculitis in patients with solid tumors. A case report and review of the literature. 829 1

Clear differences occurred in the cancer patterns among the population sub-groups in the NWT. When compared to those for the total Canadian population, rates for all cancers tended to be higher than expected among Inuit, lower than expected among Status Indians, and at expected levels for the Other NWT population. Among Inuit, traditional patterns still persist. Cancers of the lung, cervix, nasopharynx and salivary gland, and choriocarcinoma, occurred more often, and cancers of the breast, prostate, uterus and colon less often than in the total Canadian population. Among Status Indians, small numbers precluded definitive conclusions. However, several cancer sites occurred less often than expected, including colon, bladder and prostate among males, and uterus in females. While no cancer was significantly elevated in either males or females, SIRs for cervix and lung were above 1.0 for females, and kidney cancer was significantly higher when data for both sexes were combined (SIR = 2.0). For the Other NWT group--comprising about 50% of the population--most types of cancers occurred at about the expected rate, except that lung cancer was significantly elevated in females. Nevertheless, the generally high rates for lung and cervical cancer, which were particularly evident among the Inuit, are clearly targets for prevention programmes. It is hoped the cancer registry data now available for twenty years for the NWT, as well as for the overall Canadian Inuit population, can be used by researchers for studies to further determine the etiology of cancers, especially where distinctive patterns occur in these populations.
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PMID:Cancer incidence by ethnic group in the Northwest Territories (NWT) 1969-1988. 833 35

To study the incidence of and mortality from cancer among sewage workers a retrospective analysis was performed on a cohort of 656 men employed for at least one year at any one of 17 Swedish sewage plants during the years 1965-86. Assessment of exposure was done by classification of work tasks. Lower than expected total mortality (standardised mortality ratio (SMR) = 0.75, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.58-0.97) and cardiovascular mortality (SMR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.39-0.91) was found. This was interpreted as a result of the healthy worker effect. For all cancers combined the mortality (SMR = 1.08, 95% CI 0.68-1.67) and morbidity (SMR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.72-1.38) were comparable with those of the general population. There were increased incidences for brain tumours (SMR = 2.19, 95% CI 0.45-6.39), gastric cancers (SMR = 2.73, 95% CI, 1.00-5.94), and renal cancers (SMR = 1.68, 95% CI = 0.35-4.90). For lung cancer the risk was reduced (SMR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.15-2.05). Allowance for a latency period of 10 years from the start of exposure did not change the pattern. Logistic modelling was used to search for exposure-response relations. In a logistic model with the confounder age forced in, renal cancer had a significant positive relation with a weighted sum of employment times, where the weights describe the classification of exposure. No exposure-response relations were found for brain tumors or gastric cancers. The increased risks are based on small numbers of cases. A future follow up will add more conclusive power to the study. Specific exposures need to be identified to allow for a better dose-response analysis.
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PMID:Mortality and incidence of cancer among sewage workers: a retrospective cohort study. 834 27

Data collected by the Cancer Registry of the Swiss Canton of Vaud (whose population in 1980 was about 530,000 inhabitants) were used to estimate the incidence of second metachronous primary cancers following any specific neoplasm. Among 34,615 cases of incident neoplasms registered between 1974 and 1989 and followed through integrated active follow-up to the end of 1989, for a total of 118,241 person-years at risk, there were 2,185 second primaries (1,280 males, 905 females). For both sexes, the standardised incidence ratios (SIR) were significantly elevated by about 20%. Overall significantly elevated ratios were registered for cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx (SIR = 1.6 for males, 2.0 for females), oesophagus in males (SIR = 1.5), lung in males (SIR = 1.4), skin melanoma (SIR = 1.7 for males, 1.5 for females), non-melanomatous skin cancers (SIR = 1.6 for males, 1.5 for females), female breast (SIR = 1.3), kidney (SIR = 1.5 for males, 1.9 for females), and thyroid in males (SIR = 2.4). When specific first cancer sites were considered, the SIR following a cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx was around 3 in both sexes, mainly on account of a substantial excess of second primaries of the oral cavity, oesophagus, larynx and lung. The overall SIR following laryngeal cancer was 3.0, and significant excesses were observed for oral cavity and pharynx, oesophagus and lung. After lung cancer, the overall SIR was 1.7 for males and 2.6 for females, and significantly elevated SIRs were observed for oral cavity, lung and oesophagus. Following non-melanomatous skin cancers, elevated SIRs were observed in both sexes for skin melanoma and non-melanomas. The incidence of any cancer after breast cancer was significantly elevated (SIR = 1.2), mainly on account of an elevated risk of subsequent breast cancer (SIR = 1.7). With reference to cervical cancer, there was a significant excess for any subsequent primary (SIR = 1.6), and for lung cancer (SIR = 7.8). Significantly elevated SIRs were observed for kidney following bladder cancer, and for bladder after kidney cancer. In both sexes, the incidence of cancers of any site was elevated following leukaemias (SIR = 1.7 for males, 2.5 for females), and a significant excess was registered for lung in males and non-melanomatous skin cancers in both sexes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Multiple primary cancers in the Vaud Cancer Registry, Switzerland, 1974-89. 843 73

The incidence of second primary cancers was investigated in 6187 Danish men diagnosed with testicular cancer in the period 1943-1987. During the course of 59,000 person years, 459 subsequent primary cancers occurred. The relative risks were significantly increased for leukaemia, gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, bladder cancer, non-melanoma skin cancer and kidney cancer. Increased incidence was furthermore suggested for cancer of the rectum, prostate and lung. The increased incidence of leukaemia appeared in the first 10 years after testicular cancer diagnosis. The excess incidence for gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, rectal cancer and lung cancer was strongest 10-19 years after testicular cancer, while the relative risk of non-melanoma skin cancer and prostate cancer increased throughout the period of follow-up. The increased incidence of cancer in this cohort is most likely an effect of radiotherapy used for testicular cancer. It is proposed that the different incidence patterns over time after testicular cancer diagnosis reflect differences in the growth rate of tumours originating in different tissues.
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PMID:Incidence of second primary cancer following testicular cancer. 847 24

The prevalence, rate of correct clinical diagnosis and mortality of cancer were analyzed in 4,894 consecutive autopsies at the Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital from 1972 to 1990. average age and standard deviation of patients was 78.1 +/- 9.1 years. Cancer was found in 45.5% of patients of 60 years and over, and in 49.1% in men and 41.9% in women (p < 0.001). Cancer prevalence decreased with advance in age; 50.0% in the sixties, 47.9% in the seventies, 43.2% in the eighties and 39.3% in the nineties and over. Multiple cancer was found in approximately 12% of patients of 70 years and over. The top three cancer incidences were gastric cancer, 15.0%, lung cancer, 10.7% and colon cancer, 5.9% in both genders. In men, prostate cancer was next common, followed in orderly hepatic cancer, esophageal cancer, gall bladder-bile duct cancer, pancreas cancer, renal cancer and urinary bladder cancer. In women, the following order of frequency was gall bladder-bile duct cancer, uterus cancer, pancreas cancer, hepatic cancer, breast cancer, thyroid cancer, esophageal cancer, renal cancer and urinary bladder cancer. The prevalence of gastric cancer, lung cancer, hepatic cancer and esophageal cancer was significantly higher in men, while that of gall bladder-bile duct cancer was higher in women. The age-related tendencies varied among cancers of different organs. Gastric cancer increased up to the sixties in men and up to the seventies in women and leveled off after those ages. Lung cancer revealed peak prevalence in the sixties and seventies and decreased after the age of eighty.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Prevalence, rate of correct clinical diagnosis and mortality of cancer in 4,894 elderly autopsy cases]. 847 26

A cohort study was made of the mortality experience of 1701 male and 426 female farm workers (Aprilia, Italy) during the period 1972-1988. A low overall mortality was found due mainly to a decreased risk of circulatory diseases and respiratory conditions. Also, the overall cancer mortality was reduced (SMR = 0.88 for males and 0.58 for females). No statistically significant excesses were observed in cancer mortality, but there was an evident tendency towards an increased risk of gastric cancer (0 = 23, SMR = 1.24), renal cancer (0 = 5, SMR = 2.12), skin cancer (0 = 2, SMR = 1.67) and leukemia (0 = 6, SMR = 1.54), mainly of the myeloid type. Finally, 41 lung cancer cases were observed against 40.12 expected. Under 65 years excess deaths were found for all cancer sites investigated except cancer of the lymphatic and hemopoietic tissues. Since farmers usually have a low lung cancer rate, the increased mortality in the young age group (0 = 24, SMR = 1.28) and also the excess of kidney cancer (0 = 4, SMR = 3.67), although not statistically significant, deserve consideration in relation to past exposure to pesticides, especially DDT, in this population.
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PMID:Cohort study of mortality among farmers and agricultural workers. 849 34

Twenty-three patients underwent chest wall reconstruction in our department. The underlying disease was bronchial carcinoma in 14, urachus tumor in 2, breast cancer in 1, renal cancer in 1, thymic Hodgkin's lymphoma in 1, tuberculosis in 1, fibrosarcoma in 1, and pseudoaneurysm of the aortic arch caused by reconstructed material in 1. An average of 3.4 ribs were resected in 18 patients and sternectomies were performed in 5. Chest wall reconstruction was performed with Marlex mesh in 14, Marlex mesh with methyl methacrylate in 5, Marlex mesh with steel wire in 1, Marlex mesh with omentopexy in 1, Marlex mesh with A-O plate in 1, and net formation with catgut in 1. There was no operative death. Postoperative wound infection occurred in only 1 patient with Marlex mesh cleaned by irrigation and administration of antibiotics. Three patients with Marlex mesh and metyl methacrylate required removal of the prosthetic material postoperatively because of wound infection in 1, seroma in 1, and dislocation of the former reconstructed material in 1. One patient with Marlex mesh and steel wire had protrusion of the wire under the skin and the wire was removed. Eleven patients of lung cancer died at 2-17 months after surgery. In conclusion, chest wall reconstruction with Marlex mesh had excellent results, and chest wall resection and reconstruction for malignancy could be good palliation.
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PMID:[A clinical analysis of the patients with chest wall reconstruction]. 855

Most of mortality studies among steelworkers pointed out an increased frequency on cancer mortality, above all by lung cancer, and, in a lower proportion, by cancers of digestive and genitourinary systems. In Spain mortality rates are not published by occupation and economic activity to contrast these observations. It was carried out a proportionate mortality study among active or retired workers from an steel mill, Altos Hornos de Vizcaya, died from 1986 to 1993, to make a preliminary death risk assessment associated with job in the steel industry. A sample of 1553 men was drawn from the mortality register of a private Insurance Company. Death causes within the sample and in general population of the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country were compared using a proportionate analysis. Mortality odds ratios (OR) were also computed. The results show an excess of cancer mortality (OR = 1.26, IC: 1.11-1.42), stomach cancer (OR = 1.50, IC: 1.14-1.98) and renal cancer (OR = 1.89; IC: 1.14-3.14) as it has been stated by other authors. It has not been found an increased mortality risk from lung cancer (OR = 1.13, IC: 0.91-1.40), bladder cancer (OR = 1.13, IC: 0.74-1.72) and chronic respiratory disease (OR = 0.94, IC: 0.73-1.20). There is also an excess of liver cancer (OR = 1.56, IC: 1.06-2.28) and cancer of non specified location (OR = 1.85, IC: 1.45-2.36). This can be due to classification bias that affects the study. On the other hand, these and other selection bias, discussed in this paper, could underestimate the lung cancer mortality. We can not conclude that, among the workers of the study, the mortality from several kind of cancer is not associated to occupational exposure. Furthermore, this excess of stomach and kidney cancer mortality may lead us to pose the hypothesis of cause-effect relationship with some not well identified carcinogens present at the steel working place.
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PMID:[Mortality among steel workers of the Basque Country]. 858 2

When solitary pulmonary tumors are observed in patients with a history of cancer, differentiation between metastasis and primary lung cancer is crucial for appropriate therapy. Assuming that p53 mutations are conserved in metastases, mutation analysis of the p53 gene would be a valuable tool in differentiating metastases from primary carcinomas of the lung. In nine of 267 resected lung tumors, the origin of the lung tumor could not be defined histologically. Five patients had a history of colorectal carcinoma, one had a history of breast carcinoma, one had a history of soft-tissue carcinoma, and one had a history of head and neck carcinoma. One patient with a clear cell carcinoma of the lung had been surgically treated for both renal and thyroid cancer. Material from one patient with adenocarcinoma of the lung, histologically defined regional lymph nodes, and distant brain metastasis served as a control. We extracted deoxyribonucleic acid from the snap-frozen tissue of the unclassified lung tumors, from paraffin-embedded tissue of the previously removed primary cancers, and also from peripheral blood of the patients. Exons 2 to 11 of the p53 gene were amplified in separated polymerase chain reactions and directly sequenced. In all cases, the presence of germline mutations was excluded by analysis of peripheral blood deoxyribonucleic acid. The p53 mutation detected in the deoxyribonucleic acid of the lung tumor of the control patient proved to be conserved in the lymph nodes as well as in the brain metastasis. In two cases, the lung tumors exhibited a p53 mutation not present in the previously removed primary tumor and were therefore classified as new primary lung cancers. In five cases, the lung tumors proved to be metastases of the first tumor, exhibiting the identical p53 mutation. One of these lung tumor samples could be identified as a metastasis from the renal cancer, but the corresponding thyroid cancer material was different. For two cases, molecular analysis remained inconclusive. In one case, no p53 mutation could be found in the compared samples; in the other, no deoxyribonucleic acid could be extracted. Analysis of p53 mutations allowed exact classification in tumors for which standard methods failed to distinguish between metastasis or primary tumor. More than two thirds of lung tumors in patients with previous gastrointestinal carcinoma were revealed to be metastases, but second primary lung cancer could also be diagnosed. This diagnosis allowed correct surgical and adjuvant treatment of these patients.
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PMID:Molecular genetic differentiation between primary lung cancers and lung metastases of other tumors. 861 43


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