Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The mortality experience of 1595 male workers employed in one of the largest Italian refineries in the period from 1949-1982 was examined. From the comparison with national and local death rates, increases in mortality owing to lung and kidney cancers, brain tumors, and leukemias emerged. No definite trends according to duration of exposure and years since first exposure were apparent. The increases regarding cancer of the lung, kidney and brain appeared to be associated with the early period of operations. Analysis by exposure category suggested an association of the increased mortality from leukemias with working in production (observed = 2; expected = 0.61). Kidney cancer mortality was elevated among maintenance workers (obs. = 2; exp. = 0.18). Small numbers prevented firmer conclusions. Workers in the moving department had a significantly increased mortality from all cancers (obs. = 22; exp. = 11.7), and lung cancer (obs. = 11; exp. = 3.6). Confounding by smoking could be excluded as sufficient explanation of the three-fold increase in lung cancer deaths. It was in moving that highest airborne levels of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons had been discovered in an independent environmental investigation.
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PMID:Mortality study of cancer risk among oil refinery workers. 272 49

Metastases are the most frequent malignant tumors of the kidney, but these lesions are of late onset in neoplastic disease. The 19 cases reported here were all investigated with various imaging techniques (CT 12 cases, ultrasonography 12 cases, urography 8 cases, angiography 2 cases, MRI 1 case). The most common primary malignancies were lung cancer, melanoma and cancer of the contralateral kidney. In this series, 8 of the lesions were solitary, and 9 were unilateral. Tumor vascularity was evaluated in 15 cases: 14 of these lesions were hypovascular. The differential diagnosis includes small cysts, lymphoma, bilateral renal cancer, multiple small abscesses and multiple small infarcts.
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PMID:[Imaging of renal metastases]. 307 17

Cancer incidence trends from the late 1940s to 1983-84 were assessed among white residents of five geographic areas (Atlanta, Connecticut, Detroit, Iowa, San Francisco-Oakland) by means of data derived from several National Cancer Institute surveys, the Connecticut Tumor Registry, and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Incidence trends were compared with mortality trends for the entire United States and for the same five study areas. This study documented rising incidence and mortality rates for four cancers: lung cancer, melanoma of the skin, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Increases in lung cancer continued through the early 1980s, but the rate of increase has been moderating during recent years, particularly among males and at younger ages for whom recent declines are evident. Overall, lung cancer incidence rates increased more than 220 and 400% among males and females, respectively. Although much rarer than lung cancer, melanoma of the skin and multiple myeloma increased greatly until the early 1980s among both males and females. The overall rate of increase in melanoma incidence among males was greater than that for lung cancer, and the rate of increase in multiple myeloma mortality among females was exceeded only by that for lung cancer. Increases of 70-120% were observed for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Increases in incidence and mortality rates for pancreatic cancer were apparent during the early years but less conspicuous in recent years. Laryngeal and kidney cancer rates generally increased substantially, although the changes were not remarkable for laryngeal cancer mortality among males and kidney cancer mortality among females. The rates for cancers of the mouth and pharynx increased among females but not males. Prostate, colon, and bladder cancer incidence rates increased more than 65% among males, whereas mortality rates changed only moderately. The incidence of thyroid cancer increased more than 75% among both sexes until the late 1970s, but mortality rates have declined during the period of study. Breast cancer incidence increased 30%, whereas mortality rates remained remarkably constant. The incidence of corpus uteri cancer increased dramatically during the mid-1970s and decreased substantially thereafter; these changes were not reflected in the mortality rates, which continually declined during the entire time period. The incidence of testicular cancer increased more than 90% and that of Hodgkin's disease did not change greatly; however, mortality rates for both cancers declined more than 50% since the late 1960s and early 1970s.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Cancer incidence and mortality trends among whites in the United States, 1947-84. 330 21

A population-based case-referent study provided information on the associations between several types of cancer and 12 petroleum-derived liquids. All site-exposure combinations were investigated. The most interesting results concerned the following combinations: leaded gasoline-stomach cancer, aviation gasoline-kidney cancer (and the possible implications of this association for a similar effect of unleaded automotive gasoline), mineral spirits-squamous-cell cancer of the lung, diesel fuel-nonadenocarcinoma lung cancer, lubricating oils-squamous-cell lung cancer, cutting fluids-bladder cancer, other mineral oils-bladder cancer, mineral spirits-prostate cancer, diesel fuel-prostate cancer, and lubricating oils-prostate cancer.
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PMID:Associations between several sites of cancer and twelve petroleum-derived liquids. Results from a case-referent study in Montreal. 343 51

Adoptive immunotherapy involving bolus-dose recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) has been reported to induce tumor regression in some patients with cancer, but has been associated with severe fluid retention and cardiopulmonary stress. In an effort to preserve the efficacy but reduce the toxicity of this treatment, we used escalating doses of rIL-2 as a constant infusion rather than as a bolus dose. Forty-eight patients with advanced cancer received rIL-2 as a 24-hour infusion in five-day cycles separated by five-day periods of rest and leukapheresis. Eight patients were removed from the study before receiving cells activated in vitro. In the 40 who could be evaluated for their response, there were 13 partial responses (32.5 percent) and 2 minor responses. Partial responses were observed in Hodgkin's disease (one of one), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (one of one), lung cancer (one of five), ovarian cancer (one of one), parotid cancer (one of two), renal cancer (three of six), and melanoma (five of ten). Responses were associated with a good performance status, a base-line lymphocyte count above 1400 per cubic millimeter, and an rIL-2-induced lymphocyte count of at least 6000. Optimal lymphocytosis required a priming dose of rIL-2 of 3 X 10(6) U per square meter of body-surface area per day, and 15 of 28 patients receiving this priming dose responded to treatment. A weight gain of more than 10 percent of total body weight (five patients) and dyspnea at rest (six patients) were unusual events restricted to patients with poorer pretreatment performance. We conclude that the administration of rIL-2 as a constant infusion may preserve the antineoplastic activity of adoptive immunotherapy while increasing the safety and comfort of patients.
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PMID:Constant-infusion recombinant interleukin-2 in adoptive immunotherapy of advanced cancer. 349 33

Eleven population-based cancer registries tabulated second cancers among 133,411 patients diagnosed with testicular cancer, ovarian cancer or Hodgkin's disease between 1945 and 1984. Overall, 3,157 second cancers were observed, as compared with 2,420 expected at least one year after the first cancer. Survivors of testicular and ovarian cancer experienced 30% and 20% more cancers respectively than the general population comparison group, and patients previously diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease had an 80% excess of cancer. No information was available either on treatment for the first cancer, or other risk factors. However, temporal patterns in the risk of specific second cancers were analysed, with particular reference to the possible role of therapy for the first cancer. Leukaemia of the acute or non-lymphatic type, which has been previously linked to alkylating agent therapy, occurred in excess following all 3 first cancers, as did non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (overall relative risks of 6.1 and 1.8 respectively, with considerably higher relative risks following Hodgkin's disease). Other cancers for which important and plausibly therapy-induced excesses occurred were lung cancer following Hodgkin's disease (relative risk 1.9), breast cancer following Hodgkin's disease (relative risk 1.4) and bladder cancer following ovarian cancer and Hodgkin's disease (relative risks 1.7 and 2.2 in women, respectively). Rarer sites at which striking excesses occurred were the salivary gland, thyroid, bone and connective tissue. There were smaller, but clear excesses for cancers of the rectum and colon following ovarian cancer and testicular cancer, skin cancer following Hodgkin's disease, and kidney cancer following ovarian cancer. Overdiagnosis, misclassification of metastases and confounding by other risk factors were all considered as explanations of observed excesses. Nonetheless, it appeared that there are clear excess risks for cancers other than acute leukaemia which must be ascribed to therapy for the first cancer, especially in view of the possible under-reporting in registry material. Case-control studies are under way to provide information on the role of specific aspects of therapy.
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PMID:Second malignancies following testicular cancer, ovarian cancer and Hodgkin's disease: an international collaborative study among cancer registries. 357 May 50

The risk of damages of neurological function by the operation of metastatic brain tumors was reduced considerably after introduction of neurosurgical apparatuses, such as ultrasonograph, ultrasonic surgical aspirator and laser scalpel. Of these, ultrasonograph is useful to indicate the exact location of brain tumor at real time during the operation. Ultrasonic surgical aspirator reduced the risk of damage on important brain structures due to the selectivity of fragmentation and the safety of the dissection in the vicinity of important vessels and nerve tissues. Laser scalpel is also useful to extirpate the hemorrhagic tumor with hard consistency. Cases introduced in this paper were: case 1, brain metastasis from lung cancer located just under the left motor area in brain; case 2, metastasis with abundant neovascularization from renal cancer to orbital cavity which showed invasion to orbital roof and frontal bone; case 3, radiation induced sarcoma after the treatment of retinoblastoma; case 4, a large cerebellar metastatic tumor; case 5, neurogenic sarcoma which were successfully removed by using one of or combination of ultrasonograph, ultrasonic aspirator and laser scalpel. Advantage of these new instruments for the surgery on metastatic brain tumor was mentioned here. However, it is necessarily to get a custom before we use these apparatuses at operation efficiently.
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PMID:[Surgery of metastatic brain tumors with new surgical instruments]. 359 89

In a series of 120 patients presenting a CT image of a cerebral tumor metastasis an analysis of 88 verified cases has been performed aiming at a determination of the morphological criteria which might enable us to speculate on the site of the primary lesion. The following properties have been studied: the location, size and shape of the lesions, their number, the extent of the surrounding edema and their postcontrast enhancement. Lung cancer participated as a source in 30.8% of the disclosed metastases, in 15.8% it was breast cancer, in 11.7% renal cancer, in 9.2% malignant melanoma and the remaining 32.5% were miscellaneous others. Our results demonstrated a certain degree of probability of identifying some of those sources of the CT detected metastases which had hitherto been unknown. Their degree of malignancy might be deduced from their size and shape.
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PMID:CT findings in cerebral metastases. 372 13

Cancer incidence rates for persons of Spanish surname and other Whites in the Denver, Colorado area were derived for two time periods, 1969-71 and 1979-81. The substantial deficits in total cancers for Spanish surname males and females relative to other Whites in 1969-71 diminished considerably for all age groups by 1979-81. The major determinants of this pattern were the rapidly rising Spanish surname rates for cancer of the colon and rectum, lung cancer, kidney cancer, female breast and uterine cancers, and male prostate, bladder, and hematopoietic cancers. There was a convergence of Spanish surname rates toward the other White rates for nearly all sites, regardless of whether other Whites showed increasing, decreasing, or stable rates. Notable exceptions occurred for cervical cancer, which dropped more slowly among persons of Spanish surname than among other Whites, and Spanish surname female stomach cancer rates which rose during the 1970s in contrast to a decrease among other Whites. The overall pattern is consistent with acculturation of persons of Spanish surname towards the majority's lifestyle, suggesting the value of more detailed studies of specific cancer determinants in the Spanish surname population.
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PMID:Changes in Spanish surname cancer rates relative to other whites, Denver area, 1969-71 to 1979-81. 375 22

The human tumor cloning assay as described by Hamburger and Salmon was utilized to study the direct antitumor effects of the hypoxic cell sensitizer misonidazole (MISO). Cells from 106 tumor specimens directly obtained from patients were exposed to MISO at clinically achievable drug concentrations (0.5 mM). Of 30 evaluable tumors, seven specimens (23%) showed a less than or equal to 50% decrease of TCFU's. In vitro sensitivity to MISO was noted in human breast cancer, renal cancer, non small-cell lung cancer, and adenocarcinoma of unknown primary site. A dose response relationship was demonstrated in a subset of experiments including 6 patient's tumors and one human breast cancer cell-line. An analysis relating MISO sensitivity or resistance to the results obtained with other, simultaneously tested standard anticancer drugs indicated that tumors exhibiting a less than or equal to 50% decrease of TCFU's in the presence of MISO were also likely to be sensitive to other cytotoxic drugs. In summary, our data suggest that the 'nitroimidazoles' may exert clinically significant direct antitumor effects in individual tumors. The human tumor cloning assay may have potential to evaluate these direct effects of MISO-analogues and other new radiosensitizers currently being tested in clinical trials.
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PMID:Direct effects of the hypoxic cell sensitizer misonidazole on colony formation in a human tumor cloning assay. 395 96


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