Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Previously established human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) directed to carbohydrate antigens are essentially all IgM class, and show relatively low affinity and low reactivity at 37 degrees C. We report here the establishment of a human IgG3 MAb displaying high affinity antigen-binding activity at 37 degrees C and efficiently activating cellular cytotoxicity directed to human tumor cell lines expressing the polylactosamine antigen. The IgG3 MAb (MH21-134) reacted with the repeated unbranched polylactosamine structure Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----R, i.e., nLc6, nLc8, etc., but did not react with sialyl 2----3 or 2----6 substituted derivatives at the terminal Gal. This specificity differs from that of several anti-i antibodies, or human anti-i-like MAbs which react with sialyl 2----3 substituted structures. Directly biotinylated MH21-134 antibody was used in immunohistochemical staining of 154 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections to study distribution of the antigen. High incidence of positive staining was found in colon cancer (11/17; 65%) and hepatocellular carcinoma (8/12; 67%), followed by large cell and squamous cell carcinoma of lung cancer (10/13; 59%, and 14/26; 54%, respectively). TLC immunostaining of glycolipid extracts from a variety of tumor tissues showed the presence of nLc6 and/or nLc8 in over 50% of cases. The antigens nLc6 and nLc8 were found to be absent from normal colonic epithelia, kidney, and pancreas. Only a weak band corresponding to nLc8 and one corresponding to nLc6 were found in liver and spleen, although all these normal tissues, including gastrointestinal epithelia, lung, liver, spleen, erythrocytes, and lymphocytes, were essentially negative on immunohistology. However, the antigen was found to be highly expressed in myelocytes and weakly in bronchial glands of lung and pancreatic duct epithelia. Nevertheless, expression of unsubstituted, unbranched polylactosamine antigen could be an important basis for induction of humoral immune response against certain types of human cancer, despite its limited expression in normal cells.
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PMID:Human IgG3 monoclonal antibody directed to an unbranched repeating type 2 chain (Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----3Gal beta 1----R) which is highly expressed in colonic and hepatocellular carcinoma. 255 93

We evaluated the method of active specific intralymphatic immunization to treat cancer in 32 patients with various tumor types as part of a broad-based phase I-II evaluation and describe the results of 3 sequential series. In series 1, the patients (n = 13) received 2 or more injections of autologous, cryopreserved, irradiated tumor cells directly into the lymphatic system through the cannulation of a dorsal pedal lymphatic channel. In series 2, the patients (n = 7) received low-dose cyclophosphamide, 300 mg per m2, 3 days before the autologous cell vaccine was administered. Series 3 (12 patients) was similar to series 2 except that the tumor cells were treated with cholesteryl hemisuccinate immediately before irradiation. Patients received from 2 to 6 injections of cells, depending on availability, at 2-week intervals. In all, 91 treatments are evaluated in this study. Clinical responses occurred in 7 of the 32 patients and were seen in all 3 series with about the same frequency. These responses occurred in cases of melanoma, lung cancer, colon cancer, and sarcoma. Regressions occurred in both visceral and subcutaneous sites. There was little toxicity, the chief side effect being local discomfort or inflammation. This experience indicates that active specific intralymphatic immunotherapy is safe, produces antitumor effects, and requires more investigation to increase the frequency and duration of observable tumor regression.
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PMID:Clinical responses with active specific intralymphatic immunotherapy for cancer--a phase I-II trial. 258 64

Unambiguous 13C-nmr assignments for the widely used pesticide rotenone have been made through the judicious use of APT, CSCM 1D, and selective INEPT spectroscopy. Also, in order to more fully characterize the biologic potential of rotenone, studies were performed with cultured cells. Intense, but nonspecific, activity was observed in the P-388 lymphocytic leukemia, KB carcinoma of the nasopharynx, and a number of human cancer cell types: e.g., HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma, LU-1 lung cancer, COL-2 colon cancer, MEL-2 melanoma, and BC-1 breast cancer cell lines in vitro.
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PMID:13C-nmr spectral assignment and evaluation of the cytotoxic potential of rotenone. 261 25

rTNF was administered to 28 patients with advanced metastatic cancers by continuous intravenous infusion for 5 consecutive days every 2 weeks. The dose levels were 30, 40, 70, 110, 180 and 290 micrograms/M2/day. Groups of 3 patients were started at each successive dose level and then on subsequent courses treated with the next dose level through 4 escalations as tolerated. Tumor types were: colon cancer 14; adenocarcinoma of unknown primary, 2; renal cancer, 2; leiomyosarcoma, 2; lung cancer, 1; prostate cancer, 1; thymona, 1; bladder cancer; 1; parotid, 1; Kaposi's sarcoma 2; ovarian 1. Toxicities included fever and chills (usually within the first 8 hours of infusion), fatigue, headache, decreased performance status, hypotension and CNS. All patients experienced leukopenia and thrombocytopenia within 24 hours or less after start of infusion with return of baseline by 72 hours after rTNF was stopped. The fall in these counts averaged 50% and was not dose related. No major changes in liver or renal function, coagulation or blood lipids were seen. Major dose limiting toxicities were fatigue, confusion, thrombocytopenia, seizures, hypotension and decreased performance status. NK cell activity measured against K562 target cells was augmented from about 30% target cell lysis to about 70% target cell lysis over the first 7 days of treatment. Two patients, both with metastatic colon cancer showed transient, objective tumor regression which did not qualify as a partial response. One patient with ovarian cancer had a stable partial response but progressed after 13 courses of treatment. Continuous infusion of TNF can be safely administered to patients with a maximum tolerated dose of only between 30 and 40 micrograms/M2/day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A phase I trial of recombinant tumor necrosis factor (rTNF) administered by continuous intravenous infusion in patients with disseminated malignancy. 264 24

Age is the greatest risk factor for the development of cancer. For etiologic purposes, newly diagnosed cases of cancer among a defined population during a specified time (incidence) is the usual way of depicting cancer as it relates to age. Exposure to carcinogens in utero or perinatally can produce cancers soon after birth or years later. Cancers in older children have been related to growth factors and/or a single exposure to high doses of radiation. Hodgkin's disease occurring among young adults is different histologically, clinically, and prognostically than Hodgkin's disease among older adults. For the disease among young adults, the hypothesis is that clinical disease reflects the rare consequences of a prevalent infection of low pathogenicity; age of infection is determined by socioeconomic status. In older adults, it more closely resembles the lymphomas. This suggests dynamic trends associated with changing social environments related to etiologic factors. Among adults, the steady increase in colon cancer among both genders represents constant exposure to a carcinogen(s) starting in early life and persisting throughout older ages. Breast cancer is divided into pre- and postmenopausal phases on the basis of its age distribution. International differences in postmenopausal breast cancer suggest environmental factors in postmenopausal women and genetic and hormonal factors in premenopausal women. The age distribution of lung cancer increases linearly with the amount of cigarettes smoked and there is no indication of a threshold below which cigarette smoke is safe. The downturn among the oldest age groups results from competing causes of death or reflects a cohort effect of different exposure over time. Further, the pattern of lung cancer suggests exposure to a carcinogenic agent including substances that act principally as promoters.
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PMID:Cancer and age. 264 47

The nature of the antigen recognized by the murine monoclonal antibody A7 (Mab A7) against human colorectal carcinoma was investigated using immunochemical and biochemical techniques. Binding activity of 125I-labeled Mab A7 was examined using various human cancer cell lines. Mab A7 gave the highly specific binding to colon cancer cell lines, SW1116 and WiDr, and gave only a very weak or no reactivity to gastric cancer cell lines, pancreas cell lines or lung cancer cell lines. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting of the extractable antigen from SW1116 showed a single band at approximately 45,000 dalton formed by 125I-labeled Mab A7. Treatment of SW1116 with sodium periodate, pronase and ficin resulted in the loss of antigenic activity. These data strongly suggest that the antigen recognized by Mab A7 is composed of glycoprotein. Competitive binding analysis to the surface of the colon cancer cell line using polyclonal anti-CEA and Mab A7 as well as immunoblotting analysis using monoclonal anti-CEA and Mab A7 suggested that the antigen recognized by Mab A7 was different from CEA. Moreover, this antigen was also found in surgical specimens of colorectal cancer patients and its molecular property was identical to the antigen extracted from SW1116.
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PMID:Immunochemical characterization of the antigen recognized by the murine monoclonal antibody A7 against human colorectal cancer. 271 85

Peripheral blood samples from six cancer patients (five colon cancer, one lung cancer) and six healthy volunteers were tested in vitro for oxygen radical production by phagocytic cells and in assays of mitogen-induced lymphoblastogenesis at physiologic and pharmacologic concentrations of pyridoxine (PN, 1.8-96 nmol/ml) or pyridoxal (PL, 0.08-90 nmol/ml). Plasma levels of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP), 4-pyridoxic acid (4PA), pyridoxamine phosphate (PMP), and PL were also determined. Phagocytic cells from three patients showed significantly increased capacity for oxygen radical production when incubated in PL-, but not PN-supplemented media. Oxygen burst capacity of cells from healthy subjects was significantly enhanced by PN-, but not PL-enriched media. Lymphocyte responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin or pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation showed a modest increase in cell activation in three patients as the concentration of PN was increased; with concanavalin A, two showed enhanced responsiveness. On the other hand, PL-supplementation resulted in greater cell proliferation only with PWM. The cancer patients had significantly lower plasma PLP, 4PA, and PMP levels when compared with the healthy volunteers. These data indicate that in the cancer patients and in a majority of the healthy volunteers, vitamin B-6 status was marginal or deficient and suggest that increasing PN or PL in vivo levels may augment functions related to cell-mediated immunity.
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PMID:Evaluation of cancer patient leukocyte responses in the presence of physiologic and pharmacologic pyridoxine and pyridoxal levels. 273 45

A high molecular weight, mucous glycoprotein (MG) from the pleural fluid of lung adenocarcinoma was purified by the DEAE-cellulose, gel-filtration and wheat germ agglutinin affinity chromatography. Protein portion of the molecule was composed of amino acids rich in serine, threonine and proline, but methionine and tyrosine concentrations were relatively low. About 65% of the weight, was composed of galactose, galactosamine, glucosamine, fucose and sialic acid. The gel-filtration pattern on Sepharose 4B revealed Mr greater than 10(6) Da. The SDS-PAGE pattern revealed a main band at the position of the Mr about 350 kDa under the reducing condition. Rabbit antibody against this molecule recognized mainly the peptide portion, and the radioimmunoassay (RIA) using the double antibody method was developed by this antibody. Serum MG level was low in healthy subjects and in benign diseases (0.8 +/- 0.7 U/ml; mean +/- SD and 1.1 +/- 2.3 U/ml, respectively). Thus, 3 U/ml was used as the cut-off value. The mean of serum MG levels and positive rates in malignant diseases were significantly high; 4.4 U/ml and 32.3% in lung cancer, 20.1 U/ml and 77.5% in pancreas cancer 11.6 U/ml and 64.3% in gastric cancer, 12.9 U/ml and 57.1% in hepatoma, 12.3 U/ml and 77.8 in colon cancer. Other malignancies such as ovarial and uterus cancer showed also high levels. Elevated values in these malignancies were observed frequently in patients with metastasis. On the other hand, the false positive cases were found in 10% of benign diseases. Determination of MG seems to be useful for the detection of several kinds of malignancies, but it is not adequately sensitive as a screening method for early cancer detection.
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PMID:Clinical significance of mucin-like high molecular weight glycoprotein originated from lung cancer as tumor marker. 274 68

The effects of the combination of cisplatin and other cytotoxic agents were studied in vitro. When A549 lung cancer cells were treated simultaneously with cisplatin and other cytotoxic agents, cisplatin additively increased the cytotoxic effects of etoposide, mitomycin C, adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil and 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine, but antagonised those of vincristine, vindesine, vinblastine and podophyllotoxin. The antagonism between cisplatin and vincristine was also observed with HT29 colon cancer cells. NC65 renal carcinoma cells and A431 epidermoid carcinoma cells when these cells were simultaneously exposed to both agents. When A549 cells were exposed to cisplatin and vincristine sequentially, the antagonism between them was evident when cells were pretreated with cisplatin but not when treated in the opposite sequence. Therefore, when combination chemotherapy including cisplatin and vinca alkaloids is given, possible antagonism between them should be considered, especially in determining the schedule of drug administration.
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PMID:In vitro antagonism between cisplatin and vinca alkaloids. 275 23

The statistics of clinical observation at Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Dental University at Niigata from July 1981 to December 1987 (duration 6.5 years) were as follows: Total number of inpatients: 1,238, Total number of death cases: 106. Findings include: 1) Ratio of male patients to female patients 1.34:1.00. Male deceased patients to female deceased patients 1.52:1.00. 2) Average patients number hospitalized per year was 200. The high percentaged of certain advanced aged groups was reflected by the recent demographic changes in the society in general.; in their 60's 46.0%, in their 70's 24.3%, in their 80's 6.7%. In these age groups, female number is tendency to increase the number of male. 3) The diseases of inpatients were mostly due to the digestive tract, which accounted for 60.4% of the total. Of this percentage, 65% was due to hepato-biliary diseases. 4) The death statistics of malignant tumor was 68.9%; Benign diseases being 31.1%. Male patients died from hepatocellar carcinoma, lung cancer, colon cancer and stomach cancer, in descending order. Females died from cancer of the biliary tract, stomach cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, again, in descending order. 5) 71.7% of all deaths were caused by the digestive tract, in particular, hepatocellular carcinoma, cancer of the biliary tract, liver cirrhosis and primary biliary cirrhosis, all belonging primarily to the hepato-biliary disease group. 6) As a result of 58 autopsies performed for 106 death cases, 32 cases had complete autopsies and 26 cases had partial organ punctures.
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PMID:[Clinico-statistical study of inpatients and autopsied cases in our clinic]. 276 60


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