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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Although a correlation has been suggested between cigarette smoking and pancreatic cancer, studies on pathological changes in the pancreas of smokers are fragmentary. In the present study we examined histopathologically 73 pancreases obtained by autopsy from 42 heavy cigarette smokers and 31 non-smoker patients. One invasive adenocarcinoma (2 cm in diameter) and three small carcinomas (2-5 mm in diameter) were found in smokers and one small carcinoma in a non-smoker patient. Although the incidence of pancreatic cancer in smokers was higher than in non-smokers, the difference was statistically not significant. Of smokers with pancreatic cancer, 2 had lung cancer, 1 skin cancer, 1 colon cancer and 1 was free of any malignancies. Ductal changes, including mucinous or squamous cell metaplasia and papillary hyperplasia, were found with equal frequencies in both groups of patients. The type and the incidence of these ductal alterations were not related to smoking but to the age. Our results do not indicate that cigarette smoking increases the incidence of pancreatic cancer, although, the limited number of the sections of the pancreas examined, as well as exclusion of other important variables, such as alcohol, diet and diabetes weaken the value of this study.
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PMID:Comparative histopathological findings in the pancreas of cigarette smokers and non-smokers. 226 10

A total of 3749 workers employed for at least three months in two Finnish glass factories (cohorts A and B) were followed up for cancer in 1953-86 through the Finnish Cancer Registry. In cohort A (1353 men, 1261 women), 106 primary cancers were diagnosed among men, and their standardised incidence ratio (SIR) for all cancers was 99. Among women the risk was low (65 cases, SIR 64). In cohort B (450 men, 685 women), the relative risk of cancer was close to unity for both men (57 cases) and women (75 cases). The risk of cancer was analysed by primary site, type of work, years since first exposure, and age at diagnosis. The only significantly increased risks were those of lung cancer among men (SIR 130, 95% CI 100-167, cohorts A and B combined), and skin cancer among glass blowers (SIR 625, 95% CI 129-1827). An increased risk of lung, stomach, and colon cancer as well as of brain tumours has been reported in previous studies. It is postulated that the excess risk of lung cancer, detected in this study, can also be accounted for by lifestyle, and not only by possible occupational exposures, because a similar excess risk of lung cancer has been found previously for all industrial workers in Finland. Although the risk of stomach cancer in this study was increased among glass blowers, it was not high in the largest groups of plain glass workers. The risks of tumours of the central nervous system and colon were not increased either.
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PMID:Cancer risk among glass factory workers: an excess of lung cancer? 227 87

Over 30 epidemiologic studies have evaluated cancer risks associated with formaldehyde exposure. Excesses were reported for several sites, leukemia and cancers of the nasal cavities, nasopharynx, lung, and brain generating the greatest interest. The excesses of leukemia and brain and colon cancer found among professionals may not be related to formaldehyde exposure, since similar excesses were not observed among industrial workers. Inconsistencies among and within studies impede assigning formaldehyde a convincing causal role for the excesses of lung cancer found among industrial workers. A causal role for formaldehyde is the most probable for cancers of the nasopharynx and, to a less extent, the nasal cavities. Evidence of exposure-response relationships, the fact that direct contact with formaldehyde may occur at these upper respiratory sites, and the consistency of these findings with experimental studies make this assumption highly probable.
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PMID:Epidemiologic evidence on the relationship between formaldehyde exposure and cancer. 228 88

A hospital-based case-control study on the possible relationship between cholecystectomy and colon cancer is described. In all, 569 cases and 1,129 controls were included in the study. Controls were patients who had been admitted either with another malignant disease (lung cancer or breast cancer), or because of benign gastrointestinal diseases. No differences with regard to colon cancer risk were observed between the two control groups. The crude odds ratio (OR) after cholecystectomy for colon cancer was 2.1 [95% CL (confidence limits) = 1.5; 2.9]. No significant difference in risk between males (OR = 2.0; 95% CL = 1.1; 3.6) and females (OR = 2.1; 95% CL = 1.4; 3.2) was found. A significant inverse relationship was found between the relative risk for colon cancer and sublocalization of the colon cancer, the highest relative risk (RR) found proximal in the colon. A decreasing risk with increasing interval between cholecystectomy and date of diagnosis of colon cancer was found. It is hypothesized that the apparent association between cholecystectomy and colon cancer does not reflect a necessary cause-effect relationship, but is rather an epiphenomenon representing a diminished exposure level to other etiologic factors.
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PMID:Cholecystectomy and colon cancer. 229 66

Because both Rhodamine 123 (R123) and hyperthermia have been shown to be cytotoxic, we examined their effect, independently and in combination, on five different human malignant cell lines in vitro and on cultured melanoma cells grown intradermally in nude mice. The cell lines examined include two human melanomas, UCLA-SO-M14 and UCLA-SO-M21, the colon cancer cell line HT29, the human lung cancer cell line P3, and the human breast cancer cell line B231. R123 and hyperthermia, when used in combination, were found to be cytotoxic for these five different human malignant cell lines in vitro. The two agents together appear to enhance the cytotoxic effect of each alone, as documented by synergistic ratios ranging from 2.31 to 45 for the different cell lines. In the "nude" mouse model, animals were treated with a combination of R123 and hyperthermia (43 degrees C for 90 min). A statistically significant (P = 0.04) decrease in tumor growth rate was observed when compared with the rate of tumor growth in untreated animals. The results suggest a potential role for R123 in combination with hyperthermia in the treatment of malignant cells.
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PMID:In vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of rhodamine 123 combined with hyperthermia. 229 90

Plasma lipid-bound sialic acid (LSA) was assayed in normal volunteers, patients with non-malignant diseases, and a variety of cancer patients. Mean plasma LSA in 50 normal volunteers, 16 patients with non-malignant diseases, 54 breast cancer, 17 lung cancer, 15 colon cancer, 7 ovarian cancer, 5 prostate cancer, 4 leukemia, 4 gastrointestinal, 3 thyroid cancer, 3 pancreas cancer and 2 adrenal cancer patients were 17.7, 23.2, 58, 85, 56.7, 46.2, 56.7, 53.3, 31.1, 33.2 and 119.5 mg/dl, respectively. None of the normal volunteers had elevated plasma LSA values. Plasma LSA level was not significantly different in male and female volunteers. Two out of 114 different cancer patients had plasma LSA levels within normal range exhibiting 98.2% sensitivity of the assay. Plasma LSA, which is relatively simple to assay, may be used as a tumor marker in wide variety of neoplastic diseases.
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PMID:Plasma lipid-bound sialic acid alterations in neoplastic diseases. 229 88

A cohort of 625 male, art glassworkers with employment of more than one month for some time between 1964 and 1985 was studied with regard to causes of death and cancer incidence. The number of total deaths was 97 versus 98.9 expected from national death rates and 82.9 expected from county death rates. A moderate increase in total cancer deaths was seen (26 observed cases vs 22.3 and 18.9 expected from national and county death rates, respectively) as also associated with duration of exposure. The excess number of cases was particularly noted for lung cancer, (6 observed cases vs 4.2 and 2.5 expected, respectively), colon cancer (4 observed cases vs 1.6 expected from both national and county death rates), cancer of the pharynx (2 observed cases vs 0.2 and 0.1 expected, respectively), and prostate (4 observed cases vs 3.0 and 2.4 expected, respectively). Most of these excesses occurred among men working in the foundry producing either heavy crystal glass or semicrystal glass, except for cancer of the prostate which occurred in the context of glass refinement. Excess risks for deaths from ischemic heart disease (39 observed cases vs 32.1 and 30.9 expected, respectively) and cerebrovascular disease (11 observed cases vs 7.3 and 6.5 expected, respectively) were also found, although with no clear relationship to duration of exposure. These latter risks occurred particularly among men working with the refinement of glass. Approximative correction for smoking habits resulted in increased risk estimates for lung cancer and ischemic heart disease, indicating a negative confounding effect from smoking in this material.
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PMID:Mortality and cancer morbidity in a cohort of Swedish glassworkers. 234 50

The relation between occupation and cancer risk was examined on the basis of 17,164 male and 6,835 female cancer patients aged 30 years or over who were entered in the Aichi Cancer Registry during the period, 1979-1987. Controlling for age, the risk of developing lung cancer was significantly high in sales, transport-and-communications, mental, ceramics and construction workers in men, and service workers in women. The risk of developing liver cancer was significantly high in transport-and-communications and service workers in men. The risk of developing colon cancer was significantly high in professional people of both sexes and in clerical workers in men. The risk of developing female breast cancer was significantly high in professional women, administrative and clerical workers and hairdressers. The risk of developing stomach cancer was significantly high in male and female agricultural workers, while that of developing cancer of the mouth-and-pharynx was significantly high in construction workers in men and filature-and-spinning workers in women. Analysis of smoking and alcohol drinking habits, by occupation, suggested the increased risk of developing lung cancer to be associated with a greater percentage of smokers and the increased risks of developing cancers of the liver and mouth-and-pharynx to be associated with a greater percentage of daily alcohol drinkers. When the analysis was limited to smokers, the risk of developing lung cancer was still significantly high in metal, ceramics and construction workers in men.
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PMID:An epidemiological study on occupation and cancer risk. 237 Jun 89

A new dosage form of cisplatinum (CDDP), lactic acid oligomer microspheres incorporating cisplatinum (CDDP-ms), is designed to slowly release 70% of contained CDDP. CDDP-ms's acute toxicity is as low as 57% of the toxicity of CDDP aqueous solution, and its therapeutic efficacy is statistically significantly strong as compared with that of CDDP aqueous solution, when examined with experimental peritoneal carcinomatosis induced by mouse M5076 ovarian sarcoma. Clinical trials were carried out in 10 patients with malignant ascites (gastric cancer 6, pseudomyxoma peritonei 2, colon cancer 1, pancreas cancer 1) and in one patient with pleural effusion (lung cancer). CDDP-ms at 100 mg/person in terms of CDDP was injected at bolus into the affected cavity. In the 10 patients with ascites, 7 responded completely, two partially and one did not respond. The patient with pleural effusion responded partially. The response rate was 91%. Five of the 11 patients complained of temporary nausea or vomiting. In 5 patients fever higher than 38 degrees C was seen. No other side effect such as kidney, nor liver-damage or blood cell count abnormality was noted.
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PMID:[Intracavitary microspheres incorporating cisplatinum in the treatment of malignant effusions--clinical trials]. 238 51

Metastatic brain tumors were treated by interstitial hyperthermia with an Implant Heating System, which consists of three major parts: ferromagnetic implant (thermoseed), generator of high frequency (240 KHz) and induction coil (30 cm in diameter). The implant is made of Fe-Pt alloy, 1.8 mm in diameter and 15 to 20 mm in length, whose Curie point is 68 - 69 degrees C. Seven cases of metastatic brain tumor, 5 from lung cancer, one from breast cancer and another from colon cancer, were involved in this study. One or several implants were placed inside the tumor by CT guided stereotaxis, or manually inserted at craniotomy. Interstitial hyperthermia at 44 - 46 degrees C was made by IHS for 30 to 60 minutes twice or three times a week. External irradiation was simultaneously combined with hyperthermia in 6 cases. Repeated, longterm hyperthermia (8 - 45 times) was possible in all cases except one, whose treatment was discontinued due to migration of the implant. No other serious side effect was found in any cases during and after the treatment. Repeated CT scans reveal complete response in 2, minor response in one and progression in 3 cases. Therefore this preliminary clinical study indicates that interstitial hyperthermia with IHS is very useful and promising method for treating intracranial metastases.
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PMID:[Hyperthermia of metastatic brain tumor with implant heating system: a preliminary clinical results]. 239 10


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