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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results of surgical treatment in 260 lung cancer patients are analysed. The purposeful dynamic examination of patients by modern technics enabled a recognition of progressive tumor growth in 112 of 137 patients (81,75%) during the first 18 months after the operation. To reveal subclinical recurrences and metastases in the chest organs roentgenological and bronchological methods, positive 67Ga-citrate scintigraphy seem to be preferable. In skeletal involvement scanning findings are mostly indicative in this respect. Scanning of the organs in operable patients as a mandatory investigation is unlikely to be rational.
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PMID:[Possibilities for the early detection of lung cancer recurrences and metastases]. 721 Jun

To investigate the influence of operative stress on tumor growth, laparotomy and/or thoracotomy were performed in association with intraperitoneal and intravenous inoculation of Sato lung cancer cells into Donryu rats. Survival time and the number of metastatic nodules on both lungs were examined. Five-hour laparotomy and/or one-hour thoracotomy were performed on day 2 after inoculation. The enhancing effects on tumor growth of a five-hour laparotomy and of a one-hour thoracotomy were similar as regards survival time, the rate of 50-day survivors and the number of metastatic nodules on the lungs. Thoracotomy seems to enhance tumor growth several times more effectively than laparotomy. The addition of a bleeding procedure (4 ml) to these operations had little effect on the tumor growth. As for the operation timing, it was found that the operative stress of thoracotomy or laparo-thoracotomy enhanced tumor growth most markedly when the operation was performed on day -1. The enhancing effects were almost the same, and the difference from the control was still highly significant, when the operation was performed on days -2, 0 or +2.
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PMID:Enhancing effect of thoracotomy on tumor growth in rats with special reference to the duration and timing of the operation. 741 72

Rheographic studies of the lung in 106 lung cancer patients have revealed hypovolemia of the lung involved, which was especially pronounced in central cancer with atelectasis, cancer of the main bronchus, perivascular tumor growth, metastases in the hilar lymph nodes, a concomitant inflammatory process. A complex estimation of the rheopneumogram enable revealing three forms of hemodynamic disturbances in the lesser circulation: hypervolemic, hypovolemic, hypertonic ones.
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PMID:[Hemodynamics of the lesser circulation in lung cancer]. 743 73

C57Bl/6 mice, bearing transplantable Lewis lung cancer (non-metastatic subline) implanted either subcutaneously or intraperitoneally were treated with macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF, 10(6) units per mouse, per day for 19 days), Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide or both. Lipopolysaccharide (5 micrograms per mouse) administered daily once a day for up to 30 days impaired both subcutaneous and intraperitoneal tumor growth and prolonged survival of tumor bearing mice. Macrophage colony stimulating factor, administered daily, inhibited only subcutaneous tumor growth, both when administered alone and in combination with with lipopolysaccharide, and had no effect on intraperitoneal tumor. Moreover, it did not prolong survival of tumor bearing mice, when administered alone, and nullified the effects of lipopolysaccharide when administered concomitantly. These data suggest that macrophage colony stimulating factor, at least in this tumor model and in this dose schedule, offers little benefit. In contrast, the present data confirm earlier suggestions on therapeutic usefulness of bacterial lipopolysaccharide in neoplastic disease, which makes this compound an interesting candidate for future clinical trials.
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PMID:Effect of macrophage-modulating agents on in vivo growth of transplantable Lewis lung cancer in mice. 748 73

Lung cancer is the leading cause of malignancy-related mortality in the U.S. and is predicted to increase over the remainder of this decade. Despite attempts to advance early diagnosis and use combination therapies, the clinical response of this cancer yields an overall 5-year survival rate of less than 15%. Clearly, new strategies for therapy are indicated. Although carcinogenesis is complex, tumor growth beyond 1-2 mm3 is dependent on angiogenesis. One of the potential mechanisms that allows for tumorigenesis is dysregulation of the balance of angiogenic and angiostatic factors that favors net neovascularization within the primary tumor. Numerous studies have investigated the role of a variety of molecules in the regulation of angiogenesis. Recently, interleukin-8 (IL-8), a member of the C-X-C chemokine family, has been found to be an angiogenic factor. In contrast, platelet factor 4 (PF4), another C-X-C chemokine, has been shown to have angiostatic properties. It is interesting that the major structural difference between IL-8 and PF4 is the presence of the NH2-terminal ELR (Glu-Leu-Arg) motif that precedes the first cysteine amino acid residue of IL-8 and is important in ligand/receptor interactions. We hypothesize that angiogenesis associated with tumorigenesis is dependent on members of the C-X-C chemokine family acting as either angiogenic or angiostatic factors. This paradigm predicts that the biological balance in the expression of these C-X-C chemokines dictates whether the neoplasm grows and develops metastatic potential or regresses. In this review we discuss our recent laboratory findings that support this contention and suggest that further elucidation of the biology of C-X-C chemokines in the context of neovascularization of nonsmall cell lung cancer will permit novel targeted therapy aimed specifically at attenuating tumor growth and metastasis.
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PMID:Role of C-X-C chemokines as regulators of angiogenesis in lung cancer. 753 29

In the treatment of bronchogenic carcinoma approaches vary depending upon whether the carcinoma in question is defined as a small cell or a non-small cell lung cancer. Small-cell lung cancer in the majority of cases must be seen as a systemic disease even with an early diagnosis. Because of this, chemotherapy is the dominant form of treatment. For patients with limited disease radiotherapy and surgery are additionally recommended as potentially curative measures, and for those with extensive disease, surgery and radiotherapy may serve as palliative treatment. Chemotherapy generally consists of a combination of two or more cytostatic drugs. As a rule 4 to 6 treatment cycles are administered. Maintenance therapy appears to be of little value. In case of tumor relapse, new cytostatic combinations can be attempted or the cytostatic regimen which was originally successful can be reintroduced. Whether or not a tumor responds to a particular chemotherapy is apparent after the first cycle of treatment. When the tumor shows no reduction in small-cell lung cancer, the treatment regimen can immediately be changed. The question of possible intensification of induction chemotherapy has yet to be clarified by clinical trials. The data gathered thus far, however, suggest that there is no measurable improvement in survival rates when chemotherapy is intensified beyond standard practice. In the case of non-small cell lung cancer, the disease is predominantly characterized by locally limited tumor growth, so that radiotherapy and surgery are initially the preferred forms of treatment. Systemic therapy in non-small cell lung cancer has thus been mainly reserved for the stage of tumor dissemination (stage IV). For these patients chemotherapy has proved generally to have a purely palliative effect which is of limited duration. Recent clinical trials indicate, however, that better results can be obtained when chemotherapy is applied in stage III. These encouraging results stem from a number of clinical studies, in which polychemotherapy containing cisplatin (with or without radiotherapy) was applied preoperatively to initially inoperable stage III non-small cell lung cancer patients. It must be noted, however, that up until now these positive results have been achieved mainly in uncontrolled clinical investigations which must be confirmed by larger controlled trials.
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PMID:[Drug therapy in bronchial carcinoma]. 754 24

In addition to infiltrating inflammatory cells, tumors also produce cytokines and growth factors that may alter tumor growth, tumor immunogenicity, and the host immune response. To characterize the expression profile of human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-derived cytokines, the mRNA expression of type 1 and type 2 cytokines in five human NSCLC lines was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-PCR. Expression of interleukin 5 (IL-5) and IL-10 was demonstrated in all tumor lines evaluated, whereas IL-4 was present in three of five lines and IL-13 was present in two of five lines. In contrast, none of the tumor lines expressed IL-2 and IFN-gamma. Type 2 cytokine protein production by NSCLC lines was confirmed by immunoprecipitation and cytokine specific ELISA. Tumor-derived IL-10 secretion was significantly augmented by exogenous recombinant cytokines including IL-4 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. To evaluate whether fresh NSCLC nodules also express a type 2 cytokine pattern, the content of type 1 and type 2 cytokines in tissue homogenates from 13 fresh NSCLC nodules and normal lung surgical specimens was assessed. Human NSCLC nodules contain significantly more type 2 cytokines than does normal lung tissue when corrected for total protein concentration. To identify the cellular source of type 2 cytokine production in tumor nodules, immunohistology was performed on sections from 5 lung squamous cell carcinomas and 5 adenocarcinomas. All of the specimens revealed positive staining for type 2 cytokines within tumor cells. In summary, we report that human NSCLC cells produce type 2 cytokines both in situ and in vitro, which may play an active immunoregulatory role in the lung cancer microenvironment.
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PMID:Human non-small cell lung cancer cells express a type 2 cytokine pattern. 764 Dec 3

Specific features of metastatic spreading of lung cancer have been compared in 258 surgical patients from families with a history of lung cancer incidence (group I) and in 861 controls (group II). Lesions in lymph nodes at various stages were more frequent in group I, metastatic spreading incidence increasing in step with stage. In is noteworthy that more frequent lesions in mediastinal lymph nodes (stage IV) were observed in group I (54.2%), as compared with 11.8% in controls (P < 0.001). Multiple lesions of lymph nodes at all stages of metastatic spreading featured prominently in 48.5% of group I, as compared with 17.0% in group II (P < 0.001). Metastatic spreading was studied versus such characteristics of primary tumor as size, histologic pattern and pattern of tumor growth.
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PMID:[Characteristics of regional metastasis of lung cancer in patients with aggravating hereditary factors]. 770 88

A human Hanganutziu-Deicher (HD) antibody and a chicken anti-N-glycolyneuroaminyllactosylceramide (HD3) antibody were compared in their reaction against HD antigen-active ganglioside (HD3) and a glycoprotein (GP) by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The human antibody had a 50 times higher reactivity with the glycoprotein, while the chicken antibody reacted equally with both antigens. Both antibodies had a higher reactivities with HD antigen(s) in sera of five of eight lung cancer patients than 54 normal human sera. Since four of the above five sera had no abnormal titers to GP, it was concluded that their immunological status was antigen excess. The chicken antibody may be useful in follow-up studies of cancer patients to correlate the expression of HD antigen in tissues and sera with the elevation of HD antibodies, offering alternative methods of clinical prognosis of tumor growth and/or metastases. The human HD antibody may also be useful for the detection of HD antigens of glycoprotein nature.
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PMID:Potential use of specific human and chicken antibodies for detection of Hanganutziu-Deicher antigen(s) in sera of cancer patients. 773 48

Lung cancer arises as a focal transformation of chronically injured epithelium with cigarette smoke as one of its well recognized causes. Apart from oxidants, cigarette smoke contains several precarcinogens, and it is surprising that not every heavy smoker becomes a victim of malignant disease. This points to the interindividual variability in susceptibility to carcinogens and there are several lines of evidence that metabolic factors are involved in such variability. Metabolism of carcinogens and also the subsequent multisteps of carcinogenesis are affected by host factors and governed by the balance between opposite forces, such as metabolic activation and detoxification, formation, and scavenging of radicals and DNA damage and repair. This implies that carcinogenic compounds can initiate tumor growth only in amounts saturating detoxification mechanisms. In this context it is well known that glutathione plays a crucial role in the detoxification of xenobiotics. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an aminothiol and precursor of intracellular cysteine and glutathione, has been shown not only to be an efficient antidote in acetaminophen poisoning but also to possess important chemopreventive properties. In this article, sites and mechanisms of the therapeutic action of NAC are reviewed with special reference to its chemopreventive characteristics.
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PMID:N-acetylcysteine for lung cancer prevention. 775 Mar 44


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