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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A radioimmunoassay was used in vitro in the blood serum of 156 lung cancer patients, 21 patients with benign pulmonary tumors and 100 patients with chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases to study the levels of 9 hormones reflecting function of the major links of endocrine regulation. The most important feature of pulmonary tumor growth was the activation of the hypophyseal-adrenal system. Endocrine shifts in lung cancer and in chronic nonspecific pulmonary diseases were similar in nature. Of the entire spectrum of hormones the importance of ACTH, cortisol, calcitonin and parathyroid hormone was emphasized in differential diagnosis of lung cancer.
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PMID:[Main indicators of hormonal status in lung diseases]. 284 72

In spite of a direct effect obtained in radiotherapy of lung cancer, tumor growth often resumes afterwards, metastases appear, all these causing death of most patients within the first 1-2 yrs. It is worth nothing that a considerable number of patients die from tumor recurrences in the absence of generalization. Therefore a question arises as to the therapeutic tactics for such patients, including the potentialities and appropriateness of repeated irradiation. The efficacy of repeated radiation therapy of 100 patients with lung cancer was analysed. Direct improvement was noted in 44% of x-ray findings and in 77% of clinical findings. The patients' mean survival rates were 29.7-2.6 mos. after the 1st course of treatment and 17.2 +/- 2.5 mos. after repeated irradiation. Short- and longterm results showed correlation, i.e. in x-ray improvement the mean survival after the 2nd course was 23.5 +/- 4 mos. whereas in its absence it was 13.5 +/- 4 mos. It was established that the longer the interval between the therapeutic courses the more probable an increase in a survival period after repeated radiation exposure. After 2 radiotherapy courses all the patients developed radiation pneumosclerosis of varying degree pathological rib fractures were marked in 4 patients and tumor regression in 5 patients. A conclusion has been made that repeated radiation therapy of lung cancer patients is of palliative nature.
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PMID:[Analysis of the effectiveness of repeated radiation treatment of lung cancer]. 299 94

An electron microscopic study of small-cell carcinoma of the human lung showed that tumors identified by light microscopy as small-cell lung cancer were, in actual fact, histologically heterogenous, ranging from those free from any signs of specific cell differentiation, neoplasms with endocrine differentiation, squamous cell cancer, adenocarcinomas to tumors with mixed cell differentiation. Elevated blood-ACTH concentrations occur in patients with tumors which do not incorporate cells with endocrine differentiation. In such cases, activation of ACTH synthesis may be due to hyperfunction and hyperplasia of apudocytes (elements of a diffuse endocrine system--the APUD system) of the lung or other organs in response to tumor growth.
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PMID:[Electron microscopic and biochemical characteristics of the hormonal activity of small-cell lung cancer]. 299 66

The results of bronchoscopy for small cell lung carcinoma demonstrated endoscopic procedure to provide much reliable information indispensable in making primary diagnosis and evaluating the efficacy of combined chemotherapy. It was shown that assessment of the results of chemotherapy for lung cancer should be carried out on the basis of a wide range of parameters (including endoscopic and roentgenologic findings) as determined by the resolution of relevant diagnostic procedures for different types of tumor growth.
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PMID:[Endoscopic diagnosis and evaluation of the effectiveness of combination chemotherapy of small cell lung cancer]. 299 81

In order to study differences in the tumor growth and frequency of metastases between younger and older patients with lung cancer, we investigated the nuclear DNA and nuclear protein according to age by means of cytophotometry after combined staining with Feulgen and Naphthol Yellow S. On the basis of Feulgen-Naphthol Yellow S staining method, 13 patients less than 40 years old and 16 patients older than 70 years were investigated. Our results showed no significant difference in nuclear DNA contents between young and old patients, but there were significantly higher nuclear protein contents (p less than 0.05) and nuclear protein to nuclear DNA (NP/DNA) ratios (p less than 0.001) in young patients than in old patients. This suggests that young patients may have higher tumor proliferation (high nuclear protein contents and NP/DNA ratios). The lower nuclear protein content and NP/DNA ratio of older cases is in keeping with the general phenomenon of slower tumor growth and less frequent metastases in such cases.
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PMID:Quantitative cytochemical differences between young and old patients with lung cancer. 299 5

Observations of cancer risk in irradiated human populations over time after exposure suggest that there are at least two, and perhaps more, very different patterns of temporal distribution of risk for radiation-induced cancer. The first, exemplified by bone sarcoma following therapeutic injection of 224Ra and chronic granulocytic leukemia in Japanese A-bomb survivors, is an early, wave-like pulse consisting of an increase in risk followed by a gradual decline back to baseline levels. The second, exemplified by breast cancer following a brief exposure to external gamma ray or X ray, and by lung cancer and stomach cancer in A-bomb survivors, is an increase in relative risk over about 10 years to a value which appears to remain constant over time thereafter. The first pattern suggests that tumor growth kinetics may play a central role in the temporal distribution of risk following exposure, while the second seems more consistent with multi-event models for carcinogenesis, in which radiation or some other cause of early events must be followed by one or more later events whose frequencies depend mainly on attained age. There are, however, other data that appear to conform to neither of the two models just mentioned. Influences of other cancer causes, like tobacco smoking, are potentially serious confounding factors in studies of induction period.
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PMID:Temporal distributions of risk for radiation-induced cancers. 331 74

The difficulties in defining the exposure of a passive smoker might explain the controversial results regarding an association between passive smoking on one hand and lung cancer, tumors of all sites and ischemic heart diseases on the other. The plausibility of these epidemiological observations will be discussed in the light of analytical, toxicological, biochemical and oncological data. The minute amounts of nicotine and particulate matter, even the much higher concentrations of volatile substances, such as nitrosamines, NOx, acroleine and formaldehyde, present in diluted sidestream compared to mainstream smoke and breathed by involuntarily smoking people, cannot explain their relatively high cancer risk. It is plausible if one considers the high capacity of cigarette smoke to induce drug metabolizing enzymes. Diluted sidestream smoke, however, lacks compounds which induce several iso-enzymes of cyt. P-450 monooxygenase in the tissues. The best evidence is the up to 100-fold increase in placental enzymes if pregnant women smoke, whereas passively inhaled tobacco smoke is ineffective as inducer. The small amounts of paternal smoke inhaled by pregnant women, containing teratogenic and carcinogenic compounds, which are supposedly not detoxified in the placenta, seem to explain the higher risk for malformations of the fetus and the same or even increased risk for perinatal mortality, compared with the outcome of pregnancy if the mother smoked. The induction of placental enzymes very probably protects the fetus against the much higher amounts of toxic agents inhaled by the smoking mother. The increased activity of placental enzymes seems to be a model for the probably greater capacity of certain cyt. P-450 iso-enzymes in the lung and other tissues to convert carcinogens to inactive metabolites when the individual smokes actively. It is well known that concomitant administration of carcinogens with inducing agents inhibits tumor growth in animals because of a shift in the metabolism which favours the formation of ineffective substances. The negligible amounts of nicotine and CO in passively inhaled tobacco smoke cannot be responsible for the surprisingly high risk for ischemic heart diseases of passive smokers. A plausible explanation is offered by experiments with doves and chicken, which develop atherosclerotic lesions due to the action of carcinogens which are metabolized by certain inducible cyt. P-450 iso-enzymes in the aortic wall. Much circumstantial evidence will be presented, indicating that PAHs, contrary to the propagated opinion, play a minor role for the initiation of cancer in active smokers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Passively inhaled tobacco smoke: a challenge to toxicology and preventive medicine. 332 47

The authors made a retrospective comparative analysis of the results of treatment of 336 lung cancer patients using surgical, radiation and drug techniques taking into account the rate of tumor growth. Differences were observed both in the frequency and terms of survival rates in surgical treatment and markedness of regressive changes in conservative methods of treatment.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the results of treatment of lung cancer based on different rates of tumor growth]. 337 9

The paper is concerned with the results of radiotherapy of inoperable lung cancer patients. The efficacy of dynamic and conventional fractionation regimens was evaluated in relation to the tumor growth rate and size. The tumor growth rate was shown to be of importance for a local radiation effect: the higher growth rate was, the more pronounced tumor lesion and resorption were. A close relationship between the regression intensity and patients' survival was shown.
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PMID:[Dynamic fractionation of the radiation treatment of lung cancer with different rates of tumor growth]. 404 74

Costus root oil is a new primary sensitizer for examining the delayed, cell-mediated immune system. Ninety-nine patients with lung cancer were tested for skin reactions to costus root oil. The incidence of positive reactions to costus root oil decreased with the progress of lung cancer. The percentage of lung cancer patients who survived was significantly greater for positive than for negative patients. This study shows that skin reactions to costus root oil are related the tumor growth and prognosis in lung cancer.
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PMID:[Cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity to costus root oil in lung cancer]. 406 38


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