Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Smoking-cessation treatment consists of three phases: preparation, intervention, and maintenance. Preparation aims to increase the smoker's motivation to quit and to build confidence that he or she can be successful. Intervention can take any number of forms (or a combination of them) to help smokers to achieve abstinence. Maintenance, including support, coping strategies, and substitute behaviors, is necessary for permanent abstinence. Although most smokers who successfully quit do so on their own, many use cessation programs at some point during their smoking history. Moreover, many people act on the advice of a health professional in deciding to quit. Some are also aided by a smoking-cessation kit from a public or voluntary agency, a book, a tape, or an over-the-counter product. Still others receive help from mass-media campaigns, such as the Great American Smokeout, or community programs. Counseling, voluntary and commercial clinics, nicotine replacement strategies, hypnosis, acupuncture, and behavioral programs are other methods used by smokers to break the habit. Programs that include multiple treatments are more successful than single interventions. The most cost-effective strategy for smoking cessation for most smokers is self-care, which includes quitting on one's own and might also include acting on the advice of a health profession or using an aid such as a quit-smoking guide. Heavier, more addicted smokers are more likely to seek out formal programs after several attempts to quit. Many people can quit smoking, but staying off cigarettes requires maintenance, support, and additional techniques, such as relapse prevention. Physicians, dentists, and other health professionals can provide important assistance to their patients who smoke. Quit rates can be improved if clinicians provide more help (e.g., counseling, support) than just simple advice and warnings. Clinicians also play an important role in providing nicotine replacement products such as nicotine gum or transdermal patches. These products are particularly useful for smokers who show evidence of strong physiologic addiction to nicotine. Attitudes toward smoking have shifted dramatically. In the 1950s, fewer than 50% of American adults believed that cigarette smoking caused lung cancer. In 1986, this proportion had increased to 92%. A majority of the public favors policies restricting smoking in public places and worksites. Half of all Americans who ever smoked had stopped smoking by 1988. Of those who continue to smoke, more than 70% report that they would like to quit. By increasing their knowledge about smoking-cessation methods, health professionals can support and encourage the large majority of smokers who want to quit.
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PMID:Methods of smoking cessation. 154 71

Comparison of basic fetoprotein (BFP) with 10 other tumor markers was made with sera from 549 patients with benign diseases and 870 patients with cancers, using BFP-EIA kit and commercial kits for others. BFP-positive rates higher than CEA or CA19-9 were found in various cancers except CEA in cancer of the colon, pancreas and lung, or CA19-9 in cancer of pancreas and bile duct. Furthermore, BFP showed higher positive rates in comparison with AFP in cancer of liver and testis, SLX(sialyl SSEA-1) or SCC in lung cancer and CA125 in uterine cancer. The correlation coefficient of BFP with other tumor markers except for SCC in lung cancer were low (below 0.262) in cancer and benign diseases. The combined assay of BFP with some other makers such as CEA in cancer of the digestive organ, lung, markers ovary and uterus, CA19-9 in cancer of the bile duct and lung, CA125 in ovarian cancer, AFP in cancer of the liver and testis, and PAP in prostatic cancer, showed an elevation of diagnostic efficiency compared with single assay. These results indicate that BFP is superior to other tumor markers for serological diagnosis of various cancer and also available for the combined assays.
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation on an enzyme immunoassay kit for basic fetoprotein (BFP). (2) Comparison and combination of BFP with other tumor markers]. 245 40

Stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 (SLX) is a glycolipid recognized by a monoclonal antibody (FH 6) which is produced by cells immunized with mice teratocarcinoma cell line. Using an SLX (Otsuka) kit from Ostuka Assay Laboratory, we measured the serum level of SLX in 96 patients with lung cancer, 305 patients with non-cancerous lung disease and 86 healthy adults, prospectively. When we adopted a cutoff level of 42U/ml (mean + 2S.D. in the healthy adults), the overall positive rates were 29.2% in the lung cancer patients, 15.1% in the non-cancerous patients and 0% in the healthy adults. The positive rate of the lung cancer patients was significantly higher than in the patients with non-cancerous lung disease (p less than 0.05). According to the histological type of lung cancer, the positive rates were 40.9% in 44 patients with adenocarcinoma, 18.4% in 37 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, 0% in 7 patients with small cell carcinoma, and 0% in 3 patients with large cell carcinoma. Staging of the lung cancer patients revealed positive rates for serum SLX of 5.6% in 18 stage I patients, 22.2% in 9 stage II patients, 33.3% in 21 stage IIIA patients, 33.3% in 27 stage IIIB patients, 42.9% in 21 stage IV patients. After we performed the immunostaining method for SLX using FH6, positive immunoactivity was demonstrated mainly in the cell membrane of adenocarcinoma cells. SLX seems to be a tumor-associated marker in patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:[Evaluation of sialyl SSEA-1 antigen in patients with lung cancer]. 257 Aug 8

CA130 is a glycoprotein which is recognized by monoclonal antibodies-(130-22 and 145-9) produced by immunization with human lung adenocarcinoma cell line (PC-9). CA130 is considered to be a new tumor marker, different from CA125, since it has a separate antigenic determinant. We used the D-7111 kit (Daiichi Radioisotope Laboratories, Ltd.) to measure the serum level of CA130 in 290 patients with lung cancer, 171 patients with noncancerous lung disease (N-CLD) and 93 healthy adults. In addition, CEA, CA19-9, CA125 and sialyl SSEA-1 antigen (SLX) were also measured for the same serum samples when possible. The cutoff level for CA130 was 35 U/ml. The overall positive rates for CA130 were 32% in the lung cancer patients, 23% in the N-CLD patients and 0% in the healthy adults. The positive rate in the lung cancer patients was significantly higher than in the N-CLD patients (p less than 0.05). As a function of the histological type of lung cancer, the positive rates for CA130 were 44% in 120 patients with adenocarcinoma, 17% in 115 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, 33% in 36 patients with small cell carcinoma, 42% in 12 patients with large cell carcinoma and 29% in 7 patients with miscellaneous cell type. The positive rate in the patients with adenocarcinoma was significantly higher than in the patients with squamous cell carcinoma (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical evaluation of serum CA130 in patients with lung cancer]. 257 55

Subjects were comprised of 100 healthy adults, 85 patients with primary lung cancer, 20 with benign lung disease and 4 with metastatic lung cancer. Serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels were estimated by means of an NSE RIA kit produced by Eiken Radiopharmaceutical Co., Ltd. The normal range of serum NSE level was between 4.5 and 10.30 (mean: 6.81) ng/ml in the 100 healthy adults. The serum NSE level in patients with small cell carcinoma was significantly higher than the mean in patients with other histological types. Positive rates of serum NSE levels were 80% in patients with small cell carcinoma, 54% in patients with adenocarcinoma, 52% in patients with squamous cell carcinoma and 1% in healthy adults, respectively. According to the progress of staging in lung cancer patients, serum NSE levels became increased. Serum NSE level seems to be specific marker in patients with small cell lung cancer and to be useful for diagnosis and the monitoring of cancer treatment.
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PMID:[Clinical significance of the measurement of serum neuron-specific enolase levels in patients with lung cancer]. 301 98

We have studied the clinical usefulness of the CA15-3 radioimmunoassay (RIA) kit that has been developed with two monoclonal antibodies (115D 8 and DF 3). Serum levels of CA15-3 exceeding the normal level were found in a high percentage of patients with ovarian cancer (80%), lung cancer (62.5%) and breast cancer (29.3%). In patients with breast cancer, the mean concentrations of CA15-3 before operation were higher than those after operation. Further, the levels of CA15-3 showed a good correlation with the extent and the stage of the breast cancer. These results suggest that CA15-3 levels can provide monitoring information in the follow-up management of patients with breast cancer.
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PMID:[A study of the clinical usefulness of the CA15-3 radioimmunoassay kit]. 319 12

We measured the CA-125 value in the peripheral blood and pleural effusion of 85 patients with various types of pleural effusion using an immunoradiometric assay with a monoclonal antibody (CA-125 radioimmunoassay kit). In pleuritis with primary lung cancer, the positive rate of the CA-125 value in the peripheral blood was 53.6%. The CA-125 value in tuberculous pleural effusion was significantly lower than that in carcinomatous pleural effusion (p less than 0.02). Accordingly, this assay of CA-125 in the pleural effusion is useful in the differential diagnosis of whether the pleural effusion is tuberculous or carcinomatous.
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PMID:[Immunological assay of the CA-125 value in pleural effusion in various types of pleuritis--its application as a differential diagnostic parameter of tuberculous or carcinomatous pleuritis]. 345 2

CA 19-9 (monosialoganglioside) isolated from adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract can be measured in biological fluids using a monoclonal antibody assay. A radioimmunometric assay kit produced by ORIS Industrie has been used to measure the serum level of CA 19-9 in lung cancer and the results have been compared to that of carcinoembryonic antigen. The combination of the 2 markers increase by 10% the number of subjects with a raised marker. There is no significant relationship between the levels of CA 19-9, the type of tumour or the tumour stage. The recognition of the sialic acid as an epitope by the monoclonal antibody appears to be responsible for the false positive results in non-malignant lung disease.
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PMID:[CA 19-9 in early cancers of the bronchi. Comparison with the carcinoembryogenic antigen]. 347 62

We have measured serum ferritin level using double antibody radioimmunoassay kit (Eiken ICL) and evaluated the characteristics of the kit and clinical usefulness. Satisfactory results were observed in standard curve, reproducibility, dilution and recovery test. In clinical evaluation, we have measured in normal subjects and patients with various diseases. The range in normal males and females were 13.0-158.7 ng/ml and 7.3-73.0 ng/ml, respectively. Serum ferritin level was elevated in patients with hepatoma, biliary cancer, lung cancer and other malignant diseases. Measurement of serum ferritin value would be useful in the monitoring of cancer patients.
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PMID:[A fundamental and clinical study of ferritin 'Eiken' radioimmunoassay kit]. 356 8

We evaluated the newly produced tumor marker assay kit, "Ball ELSA CYFRA21-1", which detects cytokeratin 19 fragment in the sera of patients with malignancies, especially lung cancers. The assay procedure is simple based on the one-step radioimmunometric assay method. The measured values depend somewhat on incubation temperature and time. Reproducibility and recovery were good. The minimum measurable level was 1 ng/ml. The dilution test was satisfactory. The CYFRA21-1 levels were gradually decreased by repeated freezing and thawing and after seven such exercises its activity dropped to about 70% of that of first assay. The presence of CYFRA21-1 antigen was strongly correlated with TPA antigen and, although some discrepancies could be observed in clinical samples, CYFRA21-1 activity was completely absorbed by anti-TPA antibody-coated beads in one sample. CYFRA21-1 levels of 44 normal controls were below 1.0 ng/ml. Assuming a cut-off value of 2.0 mg/ml, 32.7% of all cases with benign disease had values greater than 2.0 ng/ml. This fell to 21.4% on exclusion of cases of interstitial pulmonary disease. Those with malignant diseases had high CYFRA21-1 levels whether associated with lung cancer or not. The most high positive ratios were observed in squamous cell lung cancer, small cell lung cancer, and uterine cervical cancer. In conclusion, CYFRA21-1 may be a good tumor marker comparable to TPA not only for lung cancer but also other malignancies as well. High false positives for lung cancer, however, were observed in other pulmonary diseases.
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PMID:[The evaluation of the newly produced assay kit for the cytokeratin fragment, "ball ELSA CYFRA21-1"]. 750 86


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