Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sera from cancer patients specifically suppressed phosphofructokinase (fructose-6-phosphate kinase [PFK], EC 2.7.1.11), a rate-limiting enzyme in the glycolysis pathway. Among 418 cancerous sera, 68.7% evidence suppression; there was no organ specificity. Among 42 sera from early gastric cancer patients, 29 (69.0%) were positive, as were advanced gastric cancer, 14/19 (73.3%) pancreas cancer, and 75/101 (74.3%) lung cancer sera. In contrast 6/50 (12.0%) sera from patients with gastroduodenal ulcer, 3/23 (13.0%) with myoma uteri, and 0/6 with lung tuberculosis were positive. Patients with diabetes mellitus and those receiving steroid hormone therapy showed strong positive suppression. Comparative studies using other tumor markers (immunosuppressive acid protein, carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, beta 2-microglobulin, and ferritin) and the same sera used from PFK assay showed that the PFK method was two to three times more sensitive. Sephadex G-200 column chromatography revealed that the PFK-suppressive activity was retained in the postalbumin fraction. The PFK method may represent a promising new cancer screening method.
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PMID:A new cancer marker: a possible cancer screening method based on the suppression of phosphofructokinase by sera from cancer patients. 293 46

Epirubicin (4'-epidoxorubicin) is an antineoplastic agent derived from doxorubicin. The compounds differ in the configuration of the hydroxyl group at the 4' position. Epirubicin, like doxorubicin, exerts its antitumor effects by interference with the synthesis and function of DNA and is most active during the S phase of the cell cycle. Epirubicin is administered by intravenous (IV) injection. It is metabolized by the liver and primarily eliminated in the bile. About 10% of the drug is eliminated in the urine. Dosage adjustments are recommended for patients with liver metastases or elevated liver function tests. The elimination half-life of epirubicin is 30 to 40 hours. Clinical studies indicate activity in breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, ovarian cancer, soft-tissue sarcomas, and pancreatic cancer. There is also evidence of activity against gastric cancer, small-cell lung cancer, and acute leukemia. Epirubicin has limited activity as a single agent against head and neck tumors or non-small-cell lung cancer, but may be beneficial in combination with other agents. The overall activity of epirubicin appears to be comparable with that of doxorubicin. However, more studies are needed to define its role in combination chemotherapeutic regimens. The acute dose-limiting toxicity of epirubicin is myelosuppression. Nausea, vomiting, and alopecia are also common. Epirubicin may cause transient cardiac arrhythmias and alterations of the electrocardiogram. Chronic therapy is limited, but available data indicate that epirubicin can be administered in higher cumulative doses than doxorubicin before cardiotoxicity limits further therapy.
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PMID:Epirubicin: a review of the pharmacology, clinical activity, and adverse effects of an adriamycin analogue. 300 21

A 58-year-old man with no sign of pulmonary disease and a normal chest x-ray presented with acute pancreatitis resistant to conventional medical management and a mass in the head of the pancreas. The presumptive diagnosis was pancreatic cancer with tumor-induced pancreatitis. However, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography suggested metastatic rather than primary tumor, so that an extrapancreatic primary was actively sought. Further lung work-up demonstrated a small cell carcinoma of the lung. This case indicates that metastasis-induced acute pancreatitis can be the presenting symptom and sole manifestation of lung cancer.
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PMID:Acute pancreatitis as presenting symptom and sole manifestation of small cell lung carcinoma. 302 35

There are such cancers as that they are rarely detected during an early stage, they show poor prognosis even though being small in size, and that it is difficult to perform reduced operation on them for the purpose of functional conservation. Cancers of the lung, esophagus, rectum, liver, gallbladder and pancreas are included in these cancers for the present. Bronchoplasty for lung cancer, nervous conservation for rectum cancer, and conservative operation to keep a natural anus have been widely performed. At the present time, it has been still difficult to undertake reduced operation for the treatment of esophageal cancer and liver-biliary-pancreatic cancer without damages to the radicalness. Unfortunately, anticancer agents or irradiation has shown no satisfactory effects on the above mentioned cancers. However, radial effects are now obtained from some techniques; they are, laser irradiation for very early cancer of the bronchus and esophagus, and plypectomy for small and early rectal cancer.
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PMID:[Modified surgical methods in gastrointestinal and lung cancers]. 317 10

The CA 50 levels in serum samples from 440 patients were estimated using a dissociated enhanced lanthanide immunofluorimetric assay. The distribution was similar to CA 50-RIA assays. Raised levels (greater than 14 U/ml) were present in 95% pancreatic cancer, 68% hepatoma, 54% advanced colorectal cancer, 58% advanced breast cancer and 48% lung cancer. High values were observed in adenocarcinoma of the lung, and were related to tumour mass in small cell lung cancer. CA 50 is independent of CEA. The marker is of considerable potential in pancreatic cancer where the majority of patients express the Can 50 Ag.
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PMID:An evaluation of serum CA 50 levels in cancer using a time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. 317 5

Cancer incidence trends from the late 1940s to 1983-84 were assessed among white residents of five geographic areas (Atlanta, Connecticut, Detroit, Iowa, San Francisco-Oakland) by means of data derived from several National Cancer Institute surveys, the Connecticut Tumor Registry, and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Incidence trends were compared with mortality trends for the entire United States and for the same five study areas. This study documented rising incidence and mortality rates for four cancers: lung cancer, melanoma of the skin, multiple myeloma, and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Increases in lung cancer continued through the early 1980s, but the rate of increase has been moderating during recent years, particularly among males and at younger ages for whom recent declines are evident. Overall, lung cancer incidence rates increased more than 220 and 400% among males and females, respectively. Although much rarer than lung cancer, melanoma of the skin and multiple myeloma increased greatly until the early 1980s among both males and females. The overall rate of increase in melanoma incidence among males was greater than that for lung cancer, and the rate of increase in multiple myeloma mortality among females was exceeded only by that for lung cancer. Increases of 70-120% were observed for non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Increases in incidence and mortality rates for pancreatic cancer were apparent during the early years but less conspicuous in recent years. Laryngeal and kidney cancer rates generally increased substantially, although the changes were not remarkable for laryngeal cancer mortality among males and kidney cancer mortality among females. The rates for cancers of the mouth and pharynx increased among females but not males. Prostate, colon, and bladder cancer incidence rates increased more than 65% among males, whereas mortality rates changed only moderately. The incidence of thyroid cancer increased more than 75% among both sexes until the late 1970s, but mortality rates have declined during the period of study. Breast cancer incidence increased 30%, whereas mortality rates remained remarkably constant. The incidence of corpus uteri cancer increased dramatically during the mid-1970s and decreased substantially thereafter; these changes were not reflected in the mortality rates, which continually declined during the entire time period. The incidence of testicular cancer increased more than 90% and that of Hodgkin's disease did not change greatly; however, mortality rates for both cancers declined more than 50% since the late 1960s and early 1970s.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Cancer incidence and mortality trends among whites in the United States, 1947-84. 330 21

A hybridoma producing monoclonal antibody (H11) directed to lactoneotetraosylceramide (paragloboside) has been established from spleen cells of a mouse immunized with paragloboside. The monoclonal antibody H11 (immunoglobulin M type) was selected from five clones showing different reactivities with paragloboside. The monoclonal antibody was highly specific to paragloboside and lacked reactivity with other glycolipids including glucosylceramide, lactosylceramide, globotriaosylceramide, globotetraosylceramide, gangliotriaosylceramide, gangliotetraosylceramide, and GalNAc beta 1-4[NeuAc alpha 2-3]Gal beta 1-4Glc beta 1-1Cer. However, the monoclonal antibody (H11) was found to bind to lactosamine-containing glycolipids at their terminals, such as i- and I-type glycolipids as well as paragloboside. A two-step sandwich radioimmunoassay method for paragloboside antigen in serum was established by using the monoclonal antibody. The mean paragloboside antigen concentration in the sera from 20 normal individuals was 25.3 ng/ml. If the cutoff value was set at 80.9 ng/ml [25.3 + 2 x 27.8 (SD)], only 1 of 20 healthy controls had an elevated paragloboside value in the serum, whereas sera from 9 of 12 (75.0%) hepatoma, 4 of 10 (40%) pancreatic cancer, 16 of 40 (40.0%) stomach cancer, and 6 of 10 (60%) lung cancer patients had elevated paragloboside values. Sera from 3 of 8 hepatitis patients and 7 of 10 liver cirrhosis patients were estimated to be positive but sera from 16 patients with benign disease had paragloboside levels lower than the cutoff value. A larger amount of the antigen was found in liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma compared to the normal counterpart. The antigen was also detected in the medium of various human cancer cells and meconium. However, the antigen in the sera, medium, meconium, and cancer tissue seemed to be associated with glycoprotein or lipoprotein, because most of the antigen activity was eluted in the void volume fraction on high-performance liquid chromatography with a gel filtration column.
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PMID:Detection of patients with cancer by monoclonal antibody directed to lactoneotetraosylceramide (paragloboside). 334 24

Neoplastic transformations are accompanied by an alteration in the composition of cell membrane glycoproteins, major structural components of the cell surface. Plasma sialyltransferase enzyme is involved in the transfer of sialic acid residues from cytosine monophosphate (CMP) sialic acid to a suitable acceptor. In the present study plasma sialyltransferase was assayed using a radiometric method, which measured the transfer of radioactivity from (14C) CMP sialic acid to desialated fetuin. Plasma sialyltransferase was measured in 127 normal and 91 cancer patients. The mean plasma sialyltransferase in the normal volunteers was 837 units (CPM/25 microliters plasma/hr). The mean plasma sialytransferase in 26 breast cancer patients, 22 lung cancer patients, 20 colon cancer patients, 5 ovarian cancer patients, 4 cervix cancer patients, 5 pancreas cancer patients, 6 prostate cancer patients, and 3 gastrointestinal tract cancer patients was 1710, 1406, 1344, 1227, 1233, 1406, 1250, and 1426 units, respectively. No significant difference was observed with respect to age. In 32 treated breast cancer patients the mean value was 757 units. Serial determinations in 17 patients correlated well with tumor burden. However, in 2 patients the plasma enzyme level did not correspond to tumor mass. These results indicate that plasma sialyltransferase is significantly elevated in patients with a variety of cancers. Plasma sialyltransferase determination may be useful in the followup of patients with a variety of cancers.
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PMID:Plasma sialyltransferase as a tumor marker. 339 Aug 43

A study of 98,000 cases in the Swedish Cancer Registry from 1961 to 1979 was undertaken. The relative survival by social class was calculated. There was a higher survival probability for white collar workers than for blue collar workers or self-employed farmers for all cancer, as well as for particular cancers, such as, for instance, cancer of the breast and cervix among women and cancer of the rectum among men. For lung cancer, cancer of the stomach, and pancreatic cancer there were no detectable differences in survival probability. The findings can be considered in the light of various possible explanations, for instance, early detection, differential treatment, and host factors.
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PMID:Cancer survival and social class in Sweden. 344 12

Antitumor activity (increase in lifespan and cure) was greater for ifosfamide (IFO) in several experimental tumors, some of which were primarily resistant to cyclophosphamide (CYC). IFO has been shown to be active in anthracycline-resistant and in adriamycin/cisplatin-resistant sublines of an Ehrlich ascites tumor, as well as in tumor cells primarily resistant to CYC. The few comparative controlled clinical trials available suggest superior single-agent activity of IFO compared with CYC in soft tissue sarcoma and ovarian cancer. Combination chemotherapy with IFO has been effective in second-line treatment of sarcomas, malignant lymphomas, lung cancer, and testicular cancer, most of them pretreated with or refractory to CYC. Although it is difficult to obtain clinical proof that there is no cross-resistance between IFO and CYC, IFO has been shown to be active in multirefractory malignant lymphomas, in small cell lung cancer not responding to adriamycin, vincristine, and etoposide, and in soft tissue and bone sarcomas. Testicular cancer and pancreatic cancer are some of the tumors in which IFO activity is currently being evaluated and in which CYC has so far failed to show sufficient clinical activity. More comparative controlled clinical trials are needed in ovarian cancer, breast cancer, malignant lymphomas, sarcomas and cervical cancer, in which IFO has already shown sufficient single-agent activity. Due to its lower level of cross-resistance with a variety of heterocyclic products, but also with other alkylating agents, in addition to its use in induction chemotherapy, IFO is an important second-line agent in many clinical situations.
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PMID:Comparative activity of ifosfamide and cyclophosphamide. 354 22


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