Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0242379 (lung cancer)
 71,905 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Opinions can vary as to the best method of treatment for specific types of chest malignancies. If the pulmonologist is to make the primary treatment decision regarding a complicated chest malignancy, he or she must be aware of both the surgical and nonsurgical treatment options. This awareness includes knowledge of applicable surgical procedures, complications, and expected results. Chest malignancies in this category include clinically advanced lung cancer, superior sulcus tumors, chest wall invasion by lung cancer, and malignant mesothelioma. The pulmonologist should also be familiar with the indications and results of limited resection for malignancy.
 ...
PMID:Issues in the management of chest malignancies. 131 55

The asbestos body counts per 5 gm wet lung tissue in 27 (23 pleural and 4 peritoneal) malignant mesothelioma cases derived from 19 autopsy and 8 surgical cases were, according to our own criteria, low level exposure in 13 cases (48.2%), moderate level exposure in 2 cases (7.4%), and high level exposure in 12 cases (44.4%). In our previous study on 235 consecutive autopsy cases, the low level exposure was considered to be environmental, the moderate level was secondary or blue collar, and the high level was occupational. In the present study, about half of the cases examined (44.4%, high level exposure) are closely related to some occupational asbestos exposure and the other half (48.2%) to environmental exposure. The type and size of asbestos fibers from the 12 cases of high level exposure were analyzed and the characteristics were compared with those of cases of low level exposure without lung cancer or mesothelioma. Most fibers analyzed (98%) were longer than 5 microns and thicker than 0.10 micron by our counting rules. In the control group, predominant fibers were tremolite or actinolite. In all the 11 pleural mesothelioma cases, the content of amosite fibers was significantly higher than in the controls. In one case of peritoneal mesothelioma, incipient asbestosis was found and the predominant fibers were crocidolite. It is suggested that the presence of amosite and crocidolite is linked to mesothelioma. The mean lengths of amosite and crocidolite, as detected by our resolution capabilities, were 36.0 and 20.9 microns, and the mean diameters were 0.51 and 0.27 micron, respectively. Both amosite and crocidolite fibers had high aspect ratios (94.2 and 115.4).
 ...
PMID:Asbestos fiber analysis in 27 malignant mesothelioma cases. 141 86

In this study, the intensity of exposure to asbestos was evaluated in the residents of Kure City, the site of the Japanese naval shipyard, Kure. The number of asbestos bodies was counted in 728 autopsied cases from those treated surgically in Kure Kyosai Hospital. Five grams of lung tissue was lysed, and the number of asbestos bodies was counted with the use of light microscopic examination. By this method, the number of asbestos bodies detected in men was significantly higher than that in women. There was a peak between 60 and 70 years of age. The number of asbestos bodies in exposed cadavers in Kure City exceeded greatly that found in other districts of Japan. By this criterion, 58 of 109 patients with lung cancer had asbestos exposure, and 39 had a high exposure to asbestos. All 13 patients with malignant mesothelioma had a high exposure to asbestos. Excess asbestos exposure also was found in a large proportion of patients with gastric cancer, colon cancer, and acute leukemia. The crocidolite type of asbestos was detected frequently in patients of malignant mesothelioma or leukemia, and the chrysotile form was found in those with lung cancer.
 ...
PMID:Intensity of exposure to asbestos in metropolitan Kure City as estimated by autopsied cases. 156 84

Asbestos fibers and ferruginous bodies (FBs) in lung parenchyma, lung cancer tissues, pleural plaques, and pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma tissues from 13 North American insulation workers were analyzed and quantified using an analytical transmission electron microscope and a polarized microscope. Diseases from which these workers suffered included asbestosis, lung cancer, and mesothelioma. They had been occupationally exposed to materials containing chrysotile and amosite; their pathological diagnoses, occupational and cigarette smoking histories, and clinical summaries have been reported. Large numbers of FBs were found in the lungs and small numbers found in extrapulmonary sites. Most of the FBs had cores of amosite fibers. In all instances, lung parenchyma and lung cancer tissues showed chrysotile and amosite fibers in high concentrations (63.1 x 10(6) and 150.2 x 10(6) fibers/g dry tissue as mean values, respectively). Crocidolite fibers were seen in seven of the 13 cases, but in much smaller numbers. Other amphiboles were rarely found. In pleural plaques and in pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma tissues, amosite fibers were markedly fewer in number, whereas chrysotile fibers were seen in similar numbers as in the lungs. No significant differences in the size distribution of asbestos fibers were seen in the different sites. However, the mean widths of chrysotile fibers were thinner than those of amosite fibers. These results strongly suggest that translocation of inhaled asbestos fibers from the lung to other tissues, such as the pleura and the peritoneum, occurs frequently, and that chrysotile may be more actively translocated from the lung, compared to amosite or amphibole asbestos. The likelihood of translocation seems to be strongly related to the thinness of the fibers. Translocated chrysotile fibers may play an important role in the induction of either malignant mesothelioma and/or hyaline plaques, since the asbestos fibers detected in both these sites were mainly chrysotile.
 ...
PMID:Analysis of asbestos fibers in lung parenchyma, pleural plaques, and mesothelioma tissues of North American insulation workers. 180 39

Cancer mortality excess has been reported repeatedly over the past hundred years to occur in merchant seamen. More recently lung cancer has been found to account for some of this excess and the question of the contribution made by cigarette smoking raised. In the one study where there was some information on smoking habit, it did not appear that cigarettes would have accounted for all the excess cancer observed. In other mortality studies, where excess cancer mortality was observed, the other cigarette-linked causes of death were not prominent. In a preliminary mortality analysis of a small population of merchant seamen, two cases of malignant mesothelioma have so far been identified, and in a national mesothelioma register 28 cases have been reported in seamen: both instances constitute abnormal occurrences. The presence of substantial amounts of asbestos-containing materials in naval construction which are continuously subjected to vibration and intermittently disturbed during servicing, and the detection of radiological stigmata consistent with asbestos exposure, add plausibility to the hypothesis that occupational asbestos exposure contributes to the apparent excess cancer mortality in merchant seamen. Methodologic deficiencies in epidemiologic studies reported to date make for uncertainty. Properly designed studies will be needed to quantify disease excess and to identify potentially causal associations. Even in the absence of such data it would be prudent to contain the asbestos currently installed and to promote smoking cessation programs.
 ...
PMID:Cancer mortality in merchant seamen. 180 46

Data on the health effects caused by locally mined chrysotile asbestos in Zimbabwe have been very limited. The prevailing local view has been that risk is minimal. In this report we critically reassess the cases of 51 individuals with asbestos exposure who have been compensated by the Central Pneumoconiosis Bureau since independence in 1980. Results demonstrate that the major health risks of exposure reported elsewhere--morbid asbestosis, nonmalignant pleural disease, malignant mesothelioma, and lung cancer--all occur in Zimbabwe, at least among workers in the asbestos mines and mills. It is concluded that further investigation and control measures in the industry are warranted.
 ...
PMID:Chrysotile asbestos and health in Zimbabwe: I. Analysis of miners and millers compensated for asbestos-related diseases since independence (1980). 184 1

Malignant pleural effusions are a common and significant problem in patients with advanced malignancies. Pleurodesis with tetracycline or other sclerosing agents is the usual treatment for malignant pleural effusions. In contrast to this approach, intrapleural chemotherapy has the potential advantage of treating the underlying malignancy in addition to controlling the effusion. Intracavitary cisplatin-based chemotherapy, which is cytotoxic rather than sclerosing, has proven safe and effective via the intraperitoneal route in ovarian cancer and malignant mesothelioma. There has been little previous experience, however, with intrapleural cisplatin-based chemotherapy. As part of a planned series of trials in malignant mesothelioma, the Lung Cancer Study Group first evaluated intrapleural cisplatin and cytarabine in patients with malignant pleural effusions from a variety of solid tumors. From April 1986 to November 1987, 46 patients with cytologically proven, symptomatic, and previously untreated malignant pleural effusions were entered on study. A single dose of cisplatin 100 mg/m2 plus cytarabine 1,200 mg was instilled into the pleural space via a chest tube, which was then immediately removed. Patients were evaluated for toxicity and response at 24 hours; 1, 2, and 3 weeks; and then monthly. No recurrence of the effusion was considered a complete response (CR). Partial response (PR) was defined as a 75% or greater decrease in the amount of the effusion on serial chest radiographs. One patient experienced reversible grade 4 renal toxicity, four patients had grade 3 hematologic toxicity, and five patients had grade 3 cardiopulmonary toxicity. The overall response rate (CR plus PR) at 3 weeks was 49% (18 of 37 patients). The median length of response was 9 months for a CR and 5.1 months for a PR. The outcome of this trial was sufficiently encouraging that this regimen has been incorporated into subsequent trials for malignant pleural mesothelioma.
 ...
PMID:Intrapleural cisplatin and cytarabine in the management of malignant pleural effusions: a Lung Cancer Study Group trial. 198 78

To determine the presence of chest wall and mediastinal invasion by lung cancer and to establish the origin of chest tumors, we studied 12 patients with intrathoracic tumors by using chest CT combined with artificial pneumothorax. Six patients had primary lung cancer, two had metastases, and one each had neurofibroma, pericardial cyst, chondroma of the rib, and malignant mesothelioma. All 12 tumors abutted the chest wall or mediastinum and could not be separated by conventional CT. Between 400 and 800 ml of air was injected into the pleural space before a second CT scan was obtained. No invasion was found at surgery in cancers that were separated from chest wall or mediastinum on CT scans. Surgery revealed chest wall invasion in three patients in whom the CT scans showed that the tumor was not separated from the chest wall. Only one patient with a tumor that was not separated from the mediastinum on CT did not have mediastinal invasion: in this case, only adhesions were found at surgery. Thus, in the eight patients with primary lung cancer and metastasis, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 100%, 80%, and 88%, respectively. In four patients with mediastinal or pleural tumor, CT combined with pneumothorax was useful for establishing the origin of tumors. In all, 11 of the 12 patients were correctly evaluated by using this method. No complications occurred, except for mild chest discomfort in one patient. This study suggests that chest CT combined with artificial pneumothorax is useful for the evaluation of the extension of lung cancer into the chest wall and mediastinum and for the diagnosis of the site of origin of intrathoracic tumors.
 ...
PMID:Chest CT combined with artificial pneumothorax: value in determining origin and extent of tumor. 200 29

In the screening test of lung cancer, we found that there was a high prevalence of cases with pleural plaque recognized by chest X-ray film in inhabitants living in A town in Kumamoto Prefecture. We detected abnormal pleural plaque in 148 (41.5%) of 357 cases received lung cancer screening. These pleural plaques resulted in pleural thickening and calcification. Two or three mines of serpentine and an asbestos factory existed in this region from 1883 until 1970. Although twelve cases had a history of factory work, none had fibrous changes in the lung fields on chest X-ray films. It was considered that the pleural plaque probably resulted from exposure to low doses of asbestos in the atmosphere or contact with asbestos workers in their homes. The incidence of lung cancer in this region was not higher than that in other regions in Kumamoto Prefecture. There were no cases of malignant mesothelioma in our hospital during the past eleven years.
 ...
PMID:[Analysis of pleural plaque found at lung cancer screening examination]. 207 1

Asbestos is a commercial term for a group of fibrous minerals often associated with the development of pulmonary interstitial fibrosis (asbestosis), lung cancer, and malignant mesothelioma in occupationally exposed individuals. The pathogenicity of different forms of asbestos varies--long, thin amphibole fibers are most pathogenic, particularly in the induction of mesothelioma. Available data do not support the concept that low-level exposure to asbestos is a health hazard in buildings and schools. The concentration of asbestos fibers in air, type of asbestos, and size of fibers must be considered in evaluation of potential health risks.
 ...
PMID:Asbestos: scientific developments and implications for public policy. 216 Jul 30


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>